Funda Ngezikhali Ezikhethekile Nezikhali ZamaTactics
Ngo-Agasti 1, 1966, uCharles Joseph Whitman wabulala umkakhe nonina. Ngemuva kwalokho, wakhuphuka emazingeni angama-28 e-Main Building eNyuvesi yaseTexas e-Austin, wabe esesimweni esinjenge-sniper. Phakathi nehora elilodwa nesigamu, u-Whitman wadutshulwa wabulala abantu abangu-14 futhi wabulala abanye abangu-32 ngaphakathi nangakuzungezile.
Amaphoyisa asabela kulesi sigameko ayengakwazi ukubhekana nezinselele ezibhekene nesimo esibucayi esifundeni sokudubula.
Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokungabi nalutho kwezikhali ezifanele noma ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kanye namaqhinga, ukuphendula iziphathimandla zomthetho ngokumane nje akukwazanga ukuqeda ukusongela ngokushesha. Le nhlekelele ihlose ukunakekelwa kwezwe futhi ithathwa kabanzi njenge-catalyst eyabangela ukwanda kwamaqembu e- SWAT kuwo wonke ama-United States.
I-Los Angeles ihola indlela
Ngisho njengoba izenzakalo zeTexas Tower Shootings - njengoba kwabizwa ngokuthi i-Austin - zivuliwe, uMnyango Wezepolitiki waseLos Angeles kanye neHhovisi LaseLos Angeles County Sheriff bekwakhiwa amayunithi amasha ngaphakathi kwe-ejensi yabo ukubhekana nezimo ezinobudlova neziyingozi nsuku zonke amaphoyisa awaqeqeshiwe noma awahlomele.
Ezingxenyeni ze-Watts Riots, lapho kwabulawa abantu abangu-34 kwathi abangaphezu kuka-1 balimala, izikhulu zezomthetho zaseLos Angeles zaqala ukuhlola ukuthi izenzakalo ezifanayo zingasetshenziswa kanjani kangcono esikhathini esizayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala komphakathi kanye nokwethula umthetho izinqumo ezisheshayo.
Kwavela kulezi zivivinyo ukuthi umqondo wezikhali ezikhethekile namaqhinga aguquke.
Ngokusho koMnyango WezamaPhoyisa eLos Angeles, i-SWAT yokuqala yayineqembu elilodwa lama-4 amane. Amaqembu ayenziwe iqembu elikhethiwe lamavolontiya, bonke ababenokuhlangenwe nakho okukhethekile ngaphambili futhi basebenze ngaphambilini empini.
I-Los Angeles SWAT iyisibonelo seminyango yonke e-United States nasemhlabeni jikelele, futhi izinhlangano zamaphoyisa zifuna izindlela zokubhekana nezinselelo ezintsha ezibhekene nokuphoqelelwa komthetho.
Impendulo yamaphoyisa yendabuko namaqembu e-SWAT
Uma amaqembu e-SWAT abe yiziqhumane ngaphakathi kokuphoqelelwa komthetho, impendulo yendabuko esimweni esibucayi kakhulu kwabaphathi bepolitiki ukuze baphendule futhi bavikele le ndawo ngenkathi bekulindele ukufika kwamaqembu amakhono aqeqeshiwe futhi ahlome kangcono. Lokhu kubonakala njengendlela ephephile kakhulu yokunciphisa abalimala, ikakhulukazi amacala emaphoyiseni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuboshwa.
Ukudubula esikoleni esidabukisayo eColumbine, eColorado ngo-Ephreli 24, 1999, kwaholela amaphoyisa ukuba aphinde acabangele le nqubo yempendulo ye-SWAT yendabuko. Endabeni kaColumbine, kwacaca ukuthi phakathi nezimo zokudubula ezisebenzayo, amaphoyisa akakwazanga ukulinda; ukubaluleka kokuqeda usongo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukufa nokulimala kwakukhulu kakhulu ukulinda izikhulu ze-SWAT ukuze zihambelane futhi zifike.
I-Military Training of Police
Ngenkathi amaqembu e-SWAT asalondolozwa ezimweni ezibeka ingozi ezinjengezikhulu zokubanjwa, ukubambisana, nokulawulwa kwezimpikiswano, amaphoyisa amaningi futhi athola lokho okwakuyobe kuthathwa njengokuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo kwe-SWAT.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulu ezithatha izintambo zithwele izibhamu ezizenzekelayo kanye nezikhali zokusiza ekuphenduleni ngokushesha izimo zokudutshulwa eziyingozi, futhi ukuhlasela kwezempi kuye kwabangela izimoto ezengeziwe futhi izikhali zitholakale eminyangweni yamaphoyisa okungenakukwazi ukukhokhela imishini enjalo. Ukwandiswa kwamaqhinga nemishini enjalo kuye kwaholela abanye ukuba bakhulume ngokukhathazeka ngalokho abakubheka njengokungqubuzana kwemigqa emkhatsini wezinyathelo zempi kanye nemisebenzi yokuphoqelela umthetho.
Indima nenjongo yamaqembu e-SWAT
Amathimba Akhethekile Namathekisthi aqhubeka edlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni imithetho, ikakhulukazi ezimweni abaqeqeshi abasebenza ngokubambisana abaqeqeshiwe noma abahlomele ukubhekana nazo. Umgomo weqembu le-SWAT ukuphendula masinyane ezimweni eziyingozi bese ubaletha esiphethweni esisheshayo futhi esinethemba lokuthi asiyena udlame.
Ekugcineni, umsebenzi wangempela weqembu le-SWAT ukunciphisa nokunciphisa abalimala kunoma yikuphi okunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kanye namaqhinga. Ngokwenza kanjalo, umsebenzi wabo unikeza insizakalo enkulu emphakathini kabanzi.