I-Ele Elements of Crime
Ama-Criminologists agcizelela ukuthi kunezinto ezine ezidingekayo ukuze kube nobugebengu. Uma enye yalezi zakhi zingekho, akukho bugebengu obwenzekile.
- Umthetho: Okokuqala, kumele kube khona umthetho ozophulwa. Uma lo msebenzi awukho emthethweni, kusobala ukuthi ngeke kube yicala.
- Umenzi wobubi: Okwesibili, othile kumele ukuthi uphule umthetho. Uma kungekho muntu owephula umthetho, akukho bugebengu.
- Ukuhlukunyezwa noma okubhekiselweyo: Okwesithathu, ukuze isenzo sibe yisenzo sobugebengu, kumele kube nesisulu. Emacaleni okuthiwa "angenasisulu", uhulumeni noma umphakathi wonke kuthiwa uyisisulu ngenxa yezinkinga ezikholelwa ukuthi ziwumphumela wokuziphatha.
- Indawo: Okwesine, umsebenzi noma ukuziphatha kufanele kwenzeke endaweni. Ngeke kube khona ubugebengu ku-vacuum.
Gxila kwi-Environment
Kwababhali bama-criminologists, isici sesine, indawo, ukugxila kwezifundo zabo. Insimu yaqala ukukhula ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 futhi ibheka izinto eziphilayo ezikholelwa ukuthi zingaholela ekuthonyeni ubugebengu nokuziphatha okubi.
Ekutadisheni leyo ndawo, izidakamizwa zezemvelo azigxila kakhulu endaweni, kodwa ezikhathini ngaphakathi, njengezimo zokukhanyisa, isimo sokulungisa noma ukuphazamiseka ukuthi izakhiwo zingase zibe khona, nezinye izimo zomakhelwane.
I-criminology yemvelo ibheka idatha efana nesikhathi nendawo yobugebengu ukuze kusize iziphathimandla zomthetho ziqonde kangcono lapho kuvela khona ubugebengu. Lokhu kusiza amaphoyisa ukuba agxilise amapolisi abo ukuze athathe indlela yokuvimbela ukuxazulula ubugebengu, ngokungafani nendlela yokuphendula.
Ngale ndlela, ukulwa nobugebengu bezemvelo kuhambisana nokuphoqelelwa komphakathi.
Ubugebengu Bamamephu
Esinye sezibonelo ezihlonishwa kakhulu zokulwa nobugebengu bemvelo esetshenziswayo yibalazwe lobugebengu. Akungabazeki ukuthi ubone imiboniso yethelevishini noma ama-movie, noma mhlawumbe uye wafika esiteshini samaphoyisa esendaweni, lapho ubone khona ibalazwe elikhulu elithunyelwe odongeni ngezikhonkwane nezinye izimpawu kuso. Lezo zikhonkwane noma amamaki kubonisa izindawo lapho kuvele khona ubugebengu futhi kuyisibonelo esiyisisekelo salokho izigebengu zezokwelapha ezibiza ngokuthi "ibalazwe lobugebengu." Izigebengu zezemvelo zithatha imephu ngisho nangaphezulu, zithelela phezu kwedatha ukucinga amaphetheni.
Ukukhomba Amaphethini
Umgomo oyinhloko ukusebenzisa noma yimaphi amaphetheni abawathola ukuze basize ekutholeni izimbangela zobugebengu kanye nokusiza ukuhlela izixazululo ezisebenzayo zenkinga. Isibonelo, uma inani elikhulu lokuphanga lwenzeka endaweni ethize ngesikhathi esithile, izigebengu zezemvelo zizofuna ukubheka leyo ndawo ngaleso sikhathi ukuze zithole ukuthi yiziphi izici ezingabangela.
I-Windows Theory ephukile
Kukho inkolelo eyenziwa amanye ama-criminologists ahambisana kahle nomqondo jikelele wezobunhloli bezemvelo. Ukucabanga ukuthi abantu benza ngokuvumelana nalokho abakubona ukuthi yizimo zomphakathi zendawo yabo.
Lapho abanye abantu bengekho ukuze babonise ukuziphatha okujwayelekile, abantu kumele babhekane nendawo yabo yokuthola izinkomba.
I "Windows Broken Theory" iphakamisa ukuthi isimo somzimba nesibonakalayo sezakhiwo, utshani, amakhaya namabhizinisi kubonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthi abantu baziphathe kanjani kule ndawo. Umqondo wukuthi amafasitela aphukile kakhulu asezindaweni ezihlala kuyo, kuphakama amathuba okuthi kukhona ubugebengu endaweni.
Umsebenzi Ongenzeka
I-criminology yemvelo yinsimu entsha neyathuthuka, enezindawo eziningi zokukhula. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubekela phambili kwizifundo zobugebengu, ikhono lokubona nokuhlukanisa amaphethini emisebenzini yobugebengu liyokhula kuphela, futhi likhulise isidingo kanye nesifiso kubantu abafanelekayo ukuqoqa nokuhumusha idatha. Uma ungumuntu onesithakazelo emisebenzini njenge-criminologist , ikakhulukazi uma ujabulela ukuthola amaphethini nokuxazulula izinkinga, umsebenzi wokusebenza njenge-criminologist engozini yemvelo ingase ibe umsebenzi kuwe kuphela.