Isimo sezindiza se-Class D yisikhala esizungeze izindiza zezindiza ezinombhoshongo wokulawula umzila womoya, kodwa awunazo izinsiza ze-radar (noma okungenani isikhumbuzo sezindiza asidingeki sibe ne-radar). I-airspace ezungeze isikhumulo sezindiza se-Class D ihlukaniswa kuphela njengezindiza ze-Class D uma umbhoshongo wokulawula umgwaqo womoya usebenza.
Lapho umbhoshongo wokulawula isithuthi sezindiza ungasebenzi, isikhumulo sezindiza sibuya esikhumulweni sezindiza se-Class D siye esikhumulweni sezindiza se-Class E noma inhlanganisela yezindiza ze-Class E ne-Class G.
Umbhoshongo wokulawulwa kwesikhumulo sezindiza se-Class D unikeza ukuhlukaniswa kwemigwaqo yeMiboniso Yokuvota Ye-Visual (VFR) ne-Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) futhi unganikeza izincomo zethrafikhi ye-VFR, ukuvumela umsebenzi wokuvumela.
Indlela Yokuchaza I-Airspace Yase Class D
Izici ezilandelayo zidinga ukucatshangelwa uma kuchaza indawo ye-Class D.
- Ukulinganisa: Izikhumulo zezindiza ze-Class D zingahle zilungiswe ukuze zivumelane nezinqubo zokusebenzisa izinsimbi ezitholakala esikhumulweni sezindiza, okusho ukuthi isikhumulo sezindiza esisodwa se-Class D singase sibonakale sihluke kakhulu kwesinye. Ngempela, ubukhulu buxhomeke enkambisweni yezinsimbi kwi-sezindiza ethile. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kunezandiso zokufika nezokuhamba ezifakwe ezinkampanini ze-airspace. Ngokujwayelekile, i-airspace ezungeze isikhumulo sezindiza se-Class D isuka phezulu kuze kube sezingeni eliphakeme le-MSL , ngokuvamile cishe ngamamitha angu-2 500 Ngaphezulu kweGround Level (AGL).
- Izidingo zokungeniswa: Ukufaka i-airspace ye-Class D, umshayeli womshayeli kufanele axhumane nombhoshongo wokulawula futhi aqalise ukuxhumana kwe-radio ezimbili ngaphambi kokungena endaweni yomoya. Ngesikhathi socingo, kufanele unikeze i-Air Traffic Control (ATC) ngesimo sakho, ubude, ikhodi ye-transponder yamanje, nokuya kwakho / izinhloso zakho. Uzokwazi ukuthi usungulwe ukuxhumana ngendlela emibili uma uthola ucingo olufaka ikhodi yakho yocingo (inombolo yomsila). Uma ungayizwa inombolo yakho awukwazi ukungena emoyeni. Uma isilawuli simatasa, bangakucela ukuba uphume kwi-airspace ye-Class D aze alungele.
- Imikhawulo esheshayo: Kunoma iyiphi indawo yomoya, izindiza azikwazi ukudlula ama-250 amaqabunga uma ngaphansi kwe-Sea Level (MSL) engaphansi kwamamitha angu-10 000. Kodwa-ke, uma ungaphansi kwamamitha angu-4 e-Nautical (NM) wezindiza ze-Class D eyinhloko futhi ngaphansi noma ngaphansi kwezingu-2,500 zama-AGL, awukwazi ukudlula ama-200 amafindo.
- Isimo sezulu esincane: Izidingo zezulu zezinga le- Class D zikhona ukuze ubone futhi ugweme ezinye izindiza. Ngenxa yokuthi akuwona wonke umbhoshongo wokulawula i-Class D onama-radar scopes, i-ATC ifuna ukuthi uhlale kude ngokwanele emafwini ukuze ubone futhi ugweme ezinye izindiza, ikakhulukazi ugijimela izindlela ezindizayo ezindizayo. Indlela elula yokukhumbula isimo sezulu se-VFR se-Class D airspace inkulumo ethi "3 Cessna 152s". Inombolo ngayinye emibinini ibanga ibanga (okungukuthi, i-3 imele amamayela amathathu ama-statical; 1 imele izinyawo eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1 ngaphezu kwamafu; ama-5 amamitha angama-500 ngaphansi kwamafu, kanti ama-2 amamayela angama-2 000 ukusuka emafwini angenhla).
- Ukubonakala kwe-VFR kanye nezidingo ze-Cloud Clearance: Abahamba ngezindiza ezindiza ezindizeni ze-Class D kumele balondoloze okungenani ukukhanya kwamamayela omthetho amathathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abashayeli bezindiza kumele bahlale okungenani amafu angaphansi kwamamitha angama-500, amamitha angu-1 000 ngaphezu kwamafu, futhi bahlale ngamamitha angu-2 ukusuka emafwini angenalutho ngenkathi ku-airspace yeClass D.
- Ukushicilelwa kweshadi: I- airspace ye-Class D iboniswe njengomugqa ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka eshadini lesigaba se-VFR. Ungabona ukuthi i-airspace iqhubekela emigwaqweni yokufika neyokuhamba ye-IFR traffic.
Ezinye iziKhawulo ze-Airspace
Kunezinye izigaba ze-airspace elawulwayo (kanye nobukhulu bawo obuchazwe) ngaphakathi kweyiphi insizakalo ye-ATC enikeziwe. Ezinye izigaba zihlanganisa i-Class A, B, C, E, no-G.
- I-Class A Airspace: I- Class A airspace ngokuvamile i-airspace kusukela phezulu kuya kwi-MSL 18,000 kuya ku-Flight Level (FL) 600, kuhlanganise ne-airspace ephethe amanzi ngaphansi kwe-NM engu-12 yonxweme yamazwe angu-48 anama-Alaska.
- I-Class B Airspace: I- Class B airspace ngokuvamile i-airspace kusukela phezulu kuze kube yi-MSL eyizinkulungwane ezingu-10 ezungeze izindiza zezindiza ezihamba phambili kunoma yiziphi izinkampani zezindiza noma amandla omgibeli.
- I-Air C Space: I- Class C airspace yi-airspace kusukela phezulu kuya ezingamamitha angu-4 ngaphezu kwezindiza eziphezulu (ishadi e-MSL) ezizungezile lezo ziteshi zezindiza ezinombhoshongo wokulawulwa kokusebenza, zisebenza ngendlela yokulawula i-radar, futhi zinenani elithile lezinhlelo ze-IFR noma umthamo womgibeli.
- Isigaba E E-Airspace: indawo ye-Air E-space yindawo yokulawula elawulwayo engahlukaniswa njenge-Class A, B, C, noma D. Inani elikhulu le-airspace phezu kwe-United States libizwa ngokuthi yi-Class E airspace. Ngokujwayelekile, indawo ye-Class E yanda, kodwa ingafaki, i-MSL engu-18,000 (umkhawulo ophansi we-Air Apace space). Yonke indawo engaphezulu kwe-FL 600 yi-airspace ye-Class E.
- I-Class G Airspace: I- Class G airspace yi-airspace engalawuliwe futhi isabelo se-airspace engazange ikhethwe njengeClass A, B, C, D, noma E. Le ndawo yomoya ivela phezulu kuze kube sezingeni eliphezulu le-air space . Nakuba i-ATC ingenalo igunya noma umthwalo wokulawula ukuhamba kwezindiza, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi kunezingqinamba ze-VFR ezisebenza ku-Class G airspace.