Emhlabeni wokuqeqesha umshayeli, lokhu kusho ukuthi abaqeqeshi bezindiza bachitha isikhathi esengeziwe kulezi zihloko futhi wonke uhambo lokuhlola nge-FAA ehlolwe umhloli lizofaka phakathi okungenani ingxoxo ngezindiza ezilawulwayo ezisezindaweni kanye nokuphathwa kwamapayipi.
NgoNovemba 28, 2016, i-Avro RJ85 ethwele iqembu laseBrazil elishaya eColombia, labulala abantu abangu-71. Ukucatshangelwa kwavela ngemuva kwesikhashana ukuthi indiza yaphahlazeka ngenxa yokufa kwendlala, futhi imibuzo yahlanganiswa. Abaqhubi bezindiza abaqeqeshwe ndawonye bangabhekana kanjani nophethiloli?
Izinkinga zemikhakha azivamile ukutholakala konke okwenzekayo, futhi ngisho nalapho kwenzeka ukuvuza okuphazamisayo, abagibeli bezindiza kufanele baqaphele ngesikhathi sokushayela indiza esiteshini sezindiza esiseduze. Kusukela ekuthunyeleni kokugcina kwe-radio eyenziwe ngabasebenzi, kungabonakala sengathi abaqapheli ukuthi isimo sabo sophethiloli sibi kangakanani. Singase singazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngqo ku-LaMia Flight 2933, kodwa kusishiya ngombuzo, kungani abashayeli bezindiza bephelelwa amandla?
Ekuqeqeshweni kwezindiza, sibheka ngokukhethekile lezi zindawo ezigcizelelekile, futhi sigxila kubafundi ukuthi ukuphuma kwephethiloli kwenzeka ngendlela evame kakhulu ukuba noma ubani akhululeke ngombono wokuthi angeke abe nguye ozophuma uphethiloli. Sibheka njalo ukuhlola kabili kanye nophethiloli wokuhlola kathathu, ukukhuluma ngezizathu zabanye abaqhubi bezindiza, nokuhlola izinqumo uma kuziwa ekuphatheni ukuphathwa kwezinto, ukuhamba kwezimoto, ezinye izindiza zezindiza kanye nezindawo zokugcina amafutha.
Futhi-ke kukhona izinhla zokuhlola. Uma sihamba phambili ngendiza ekuqeqesheni indiza, enye yezinto zokuqala umshayeli wemoto ufundiswa ukuhlola amazinga okushisa (ikakhulukazi ukuze uma sidinga uphethiloli obengeziwe, singabiza iloli likagesi ngokushesha noma senze isikhathi esiningi sokumisa izimpompi ezizimele ziphuma endleleni, kodwa futhi - ngokucacile - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sinokwanele ukuqedela indiza.) Ngabashayeli ababili abashayeli bezindiza, bobabili abaqhubi bezindiza bafundiswa ukuhlola amanani wephethiloli bese behlola ukubhebhetheka uma kungenzeka Qinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ngempela inani elifanele lokushisa futhi ukuthi inani livumelana ngokulinganayo nama-fuel gauges. (I-fuel gauges in aircraft jikelele yezindiza ziyaziwa ukuthi iyincane kune-enembile isikhathi esiningi.) Ngaphezu kwalokhu kuhlolwa kokuqala, kunokuhlola okukhethwa kukho kokuqala okudinga umshayeli ukuba ahlole ubuningi bephethiloli futhi asuse isampula yamafutha amathangi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi angcolisiwe. Futhi phakathi nenkathi yendiza, uhlu lokuhlola lokuhamba ngezinyawo kanye nohla lwamanani okuphumula luvame ukubiza ukuthi uphethiloli kufanele luqashwe noma i-tank fuel itshintshe.
Inqubo yethu yokuhlela izindiza, uma kwenziwa kahle, kufanele ifake ukubuka okuncane kokuhlelwa kwephethiloli, kufaka phakathi inani lokuqala likafutha, ukusetjenziswa kwamandla kanye nokushisa kwamafutha okushisa kwesigaba ngasinye sendiza.
Futhi ngomthetho, kudingeka sithwale uphethiloli okwanele ukuba siwenze lapho siya khona, kanye nesikhumulo sezindiza lapho kudingekile, kanye nokufaka amaminithi angu-30 noma amaminithi angu-45 ebheyili ezindizeni zamalanga nobusuku, ngokulandelana.
Okokugcina, ezindizeni eziningi, kukhona ngempela izinkomba zokufakelwa ezifanele, ama-flow gauge gauges, ngisho nezibani zesikhangiso se-"LOW FUEL" ephaneli lezindiza eziningi.
Ngakho-ke, emva kokuhlela konke, uhlu lokuhlola, ukuphepha kwesistimu, nokugcizelela ukuphathwa kwephethiloli, ngabaqhubi bezindiza bavele baphethile? Yebo, njengazo zonke izinto ezibonakala zilula kusuka ngaphandle, kuvela ukuthi akulona lokho okulula.
Ukufa kwendiza ezindizeni kwenzeka ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, eziningi zazo eziyiphutha nje lomuntu.
Ukuhlela okungalungile
Ukuhlelwa okungalungile cishe kuyisizathu esikhulu kunawo wonke sokuphuma kwephethiloli.
Ngisho nangemva kweqiniso, umshayeli wezimoto akavumi ukuvuma ukuthi ukuhlela kwakhe kwakungaphelele noma kuvele kungalungile, ngoba, engqondweni yabo, benza konke abakwaziyo ukukwenza ukuhlela, kodwa "inhlanhla" yayibhekene nabo. Kukhona abantu abaningi abagijimela enhlanhleni, kepha kunendlela abantu abaningi abangacabangi kahle. Noma mhlawumbe abahlezi nhlobo. Mhlawumbe bebelokhu benamapulisi anenhlanhla ohlangothini lwabo ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi uphethiloli ngeke luphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi baye bavilapha mayelana nokuhlela indiza ngokuvamile. Noma mhlawumbe bahlela kahle uphethiloli ukuze bafike lapho beya khona, kodwa ungahle uhlele enye uma kudingeka.
Ukuphathwa kabi kwamafutha
Ukulawulwa kabi kwefuthe kwenzeka lapho umshayeli ekhohlwa ukushintsha ama-fuel tank uma kudingekile, noma ukushintshela ku-tank engafanele, noma nje engasiqapheli ukushisa kwamafutha ngesikhathi sezindiza. Esikhathini esiningi, inkinga ibangelwa ukungabi nokuqonda uhlelo lokufakelwa kwamanzi.
Iphutha lokubhala
Ngokuvamile umshayeli uzokwenza iphutha eliyinkimbinkimbi yokucubungula ngokuhambisa indawo eyodwa yedesimali noma nje ukuhumusha ishadi lamapulangwe ngokungalungile Uma uphethiloli oluhleliwe uvutha ngamaphesenti angama-16 ngehora, futhi umshayeli uhlela ukuhamba kwakhe usebenzisa u-1.68 amalitha ngehora esikhundleni, uzobe ukushisa uphethiloli okwedlula ukwenziwa. Esikhathini esiningi, umshayeli wezindiza noma omunye umqeqeshi, noma ngisho nekhompiyutha ithatha iphutha ngesikhathi esithile ngokushesha ukuze inqande inhlekelele, kodwa hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ukwenza Izinqumo Ezimbi
Udoti lwamafutha luvame ukuphumela ngqo ekuthatheni izinqumo ezimbi ezindaweni eziningi zezindiza. Mhlawumbe umshayeli wezimoto akazange athole isikhalazo esifanele sezulu futhi akakwazanga ukubona isonto eliqinile. Noma uhluleka ukusetha ukulungiswa kwamandla okufanele futhi uqaphe izinga lokushisa kwamafutha. Ngemuva kwamahora ezindizayo, isimo sezulu esiya endaweni siyawohloka futhi ubusuku buwa , kodwa umshayeli wemoto uthatha isinqumo sokuzama ukuhamba ngendiza yezindiza, noma kunjalo, ukunquma noma yikuphi ukugcina kwamanzi okungeke kube khona futhi ungashiyi enye indlela yokuphefumula noma i-go-azungeze noma i-diversion elandelayo. Futhi nakuba engase aqaphele ukuthi usezingeni elincane, akakwazi ukucela usizo olusuka ku-ATC futhi uphahlaza emgwaqweni.
Akumemezeli Isimo Esiphuthumayo Lapho Kuvela Isimo Esiphansi Se-Fuel
Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuziqhenya yedwa, abagibeli bezindiza bavame ukungabaza ukumemezela isimo esiphuthumayo. Futhi lapho ukuphuthumayo kungabikho nje ukuhlela okubi, cishe kunzima ukuthi umshayeli wezindiza avume ukuthi abalawuli bezithuthi zomoya bangaphansi kwamafutha. Kodwa asikho isizathu esihle sokungabikezeli isimo esiphuthumayo esimweni esincane se-fuel, ikakhulukazi uma ezinye izici zikhona njengesimo sezulu esibi, umshayeli ongenalwazi, noma ukungazi kahle indawo ezungezile. Abashayeli bezindiza baye baziwa ukuthi baphuthumayo ukuzama ukuthola ukuthi bakuphi lapho sebelahlekile noma badidekile futhi benqabe ukuyivuma futhi babuze i-ATC usizo.
Ukuqagela noma Ukucabanga
Kuzwakala sengathi akukho muntu ozokwenza lapho izindiza zihilelekile, kodwa inani lezigameko zendlafa lifakazela ukuthi abagibeli abaningi baqagela ngenani lamafutha emathangi ngaphambi kokukhipha, noma bacabanga ukuthi umuntu wokugcina owabalekela indiza wawugcwalisa , noma bacabange ukuthi ngoba bangabona ukushisa kwamafutha okuzungeze itanki endaweni ethile phansi lapho, ukuthi kukhona okwanele ukuba bathole lapho beya khona. Futhi abanye abaqhubi baqagela ngesikhathi sokushisa kwamafutha, becabanga ukuthi ngeke babe kude kangaka, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nebanga, noma nge-headwind enamandla noma ukusetha amandla okuhlukile, baqeda ukuba kude kakhulu. Ukuqagela noma ukucabangela kubonakala sengathi kukhona abanye abantu abayisimungulu okwanele ukuba bakwenze, kodwa kwenzeka okungaphezu kwalokho ocabanga ngakho.
Iziphazamiso
Kube khona izingozi zezindiza esikhathini esidlule lapho abashayeli bezindiza bavumela khona umcimbi wokulamba indlala ukuze kwenzeke ngenkathi kunakekelwa ngenye into, njengokulungisa inkinga yokufika kwegeyimu noma ukuphazamiseka. I-adage isebenza lapha: Hamba, hamba, xhumana - kuleso oda . Ukuxazulula izinkinga noma ukuvumela ukuthi uphazamiseke abanye abantu noma imicimbi kungabangela ukulungiswa ngaleyo nkinga noma umcimbi futhi kungabangela ukuba umshayeli angayinaki izici ezibalulekile zezindiza - njengokuphathwa kwephethiloli.
Ukuhluleka Ukuhlela Ukuphambukiswa Kuhlelo
Abashayeli bezindiza abangalokothi bahlele noma yini ngaphandle kweyabo kuphela futhi u-Plan A bavame ukuzithola besenkingeni ngokushesha nje uma i-Plan A ihamba kancane. Abashayeli bezindiza kufanele bahlele okubi nakakhulu nethemba lokuhle kunokuba nje bahlele okuhle kakhulu futhi babale kuwo ukuze baphume. Umshayeli ongazange acabange ukuthi noma yini embi izokwenzeka ngeke ibe necebo uma kukhona okubi okwenzekayo. Ukwehluleka ukuhlela ukuphambuka kungabangela indlala yezinhlayiya uma lezo zephambuko zidinga uphethiloli okwedlula ukwakhiwa ekuqaleni. Umbono womshayeli uvame ukungafani neqiniso , futhi ucabanga ukuthi konke okuyohamba ngokulandela uhlelo kuyiphutha elikhulu.
Inkinga Ye-Mechanical or Failure?
Ngokungavamile kakhulu, empeleni kuvuza ukuvuza noma inkinga nge-fuel system engabangela ukufa kwendlala. Kulezi zimo, ukuqashelwa kokuqala kuyisihluthulelo sokuqaphela nokubhekana nale nkinga. Kube khona izingozi zezindiza esikhathini esidlule lapho abashayeli bezindiza bexakekile kakhulu kwezinye izinto, noma baphazamisekile kakhulu noma bacebile nje, futhi abaqapheli ukushisa okwenziwe ngamafutha noma isimo se-fuel system.