Kunezindlela eziyisihlanu ezijwayelekile zokulinganisa ukuphakama endizeni, futhi ngamunye unezinhlelo zakhe kanye nokulinganiselwa.
I-Altitude Yeqiniso
Ukuphakama kweqiniso kungukuphakama kwendiza ngenhla kwe-Middle Sea Level (MSL), inani elimelela izinga elwandle elincane (ngoba izinga langempela lolwandle liguquguqukayo). Ukuphakama kweqiniso kufana nalokho ongakubiza ngokuthi ukuphakama kwezimo ezingekho kwezindiza.
Iningi lendiza yomuntu siqu ayilungele ukukala ubude beqiniso, ngakho-ke alisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukuphakama kwezindiza. Noma kunjalo, izibikezelo zendawo (ama-FA) zibika ukuphakama kwefu ku-MSL, noma ukuphakama kweqiniso. Futhi, ukuphakama kwezindiza, indawo, nokuvimbela izithiyo ezibalulwe emibhalweni yokubuka indiza ( VFR ) yamashadi avamile avame ukunikezwa ku-MSL.
I-Altitude ekhonjisiwe
Ukuboniswa kwezinga eliphezulu yilokho okuboniswa ku-altimeter endizeni yakho. Yingqikithi yokuphakama kweqiniso njengoba kulinganiswa i-altimeter. I-altimeter iyisisetshenziswa esiyisisekelo sokushayela esilinganisa ingcindezi yasemkhathini ekuphakameni kwendiza yendiza futhi iwuqhathanisa nomfutho we-pressure preset.
Ukucindezelwa kokusethelwa ngokujwayelekile kuncike esiteshini sokubika sezulu esiseduze. Kodwa-ke, ngoba indawo yesimo sezulu isemhlabathini (futhi ayihambisani nezindiza), ukucindezelwa okubikiwe kusayithi kungase kuhluke nokucindezela endaweni yangempela yendiza, okuphazamisa ukunemba kokufundwa kwe-altimeter.
I-altitude ekhonjisiwe isetshenziselwa ukukala ibanga lezindiza kusuka emigodini yomhlaba kanye nendawo ehamba ngamanye amazindiza endaweni, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlukana okuqondile. Ukusebenzisa ukuphakama okubonisiwe ukuhlukanisa ngokuqondile kunembile (ukucabanga zonke izindiza endaweni ethile kunikezwe esiteshini sezulu esifanayo), kodwa lo mkhuba usetshenziselwa ukuphakama ngaphansi kwezinyawo ezingu-18,000.
Ukucindezela Ukuphakama
Ukuphakama kwengcindezi ukuphakama ngaphezu kwendiza ye-datum ejwayelekile, izinga lesayensi eliboniswe i-altimeter isethi eya ku-29.92 "Hg, ukucindezela okujwayelekile. Ukucindezela kwengcindezi kulinganiswa nokucindezelwa kwe-barometric, futhi i-altimeter yendiza iyinqobo ye-barometer ehlelwe kahle.
Ukuphakama kwengcindezi kubalulekile uma kuziwa ekusebenziseni idatha yokusebenza yendiza, kufaka phakathi izinto ezinjengokuhamba nokuhamba. Kubuye ubude abasebenzisi abasebenzisa ngenkathi behamba ngezinyawo ezingaphezu kuka-18 000 noma ku- Class D airspace , okudinga bonke abantu ukuba bahlele i-altimeters ku-29.92 "Hg ukuze kulungiswe ukuphakama okubonisiwe. Ungakwazi ukucacisa ukucindezela komoya ngokubala umehluko phakathi kokuphakama kwengcindezi nokusethwa kwe-altimeter yamanje.
Ukuphakama kwesilinganiso
Ukuphakama kwamandla kubalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza komkhumbi, noma ukuthi indiza izoziphatha kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ukuphakama kwamandla ukuphakama kwengcindezi kulungiswe ukushisa okungajwayelekile. Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa lishintsha njalo (ngakho-ke alinayo i-nonstandard), kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abashayeli bezindiza bakwazi ukuphakama kwamandla.
Ukuphakama kwabantu abaningi akuyona inkomba yokuphakama ngaphezu komhlaba noma ngenhla kwezinga lolwandle. Esikhundleni salokho, kungumlinganiso womoya wendawo endaweni ethile ekushiseni kwamanje. Ukuqina kwe-air kunciphisa ngokuphakama; kunomoya omncane okuphefumula ngamamitha angu-5 000 kunezinga elwandle. Umoya obandayo ushubile kunomoya oshisayo. Emoyeni okhuni, amaphiko ezindiza aphakeme kakhulu, futhi izinjini zezindiza zinamandla kakhulu ngoba kune-oksijini engaphezulu yokushisa. Njengoba umoya womoya unciphisa (ukuphakama kwamanani okuphakama), umshayeli wemoto kufanele ahlawule isivinini sezindiza, ahambe futhi ahambe amabanga, kanye nezinye izinto zokugcina ukuphepha.
Ezingeni elwandle, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokubala kwe-air liyi-15 C. Ukushisa komzimba kunciphisa, ngokwesilinganiso, cishe ama-2 degrees ngamakhilomitha angu-1 000 ukukhuphuka. Isibonelo, isikhumulo sezindiza e-Colorado ehamba ngamamitha angu-5 000 ekuphakameni kuyoba nokushisa okujwayelekile kwe-5 C. Kodwa-ke, uma ukushisa kwangempela kulesi sikhumulo sezindiza kungaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile, ukuphakama kwamandla kuzoba ngaphezulu kunejwayelekile, futhi izindiza zingenza nakuba kunjalo, isibonelo, izinyawo ezingu-7 000 esikhundleni sezinyawo ezingu-5 000.
Ukuphakama Okungapheli
Ukuphakama okungapheli (AGL) ukuphakama okuqondile ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba, noma ukuphakama kwangempela ngaphezu komhlaba. Ilinganiselwa ku-altimeter ye-radar, esebenzisa izibonakaliso ze-radar ukukala ibanga langempela ukusuka emhlabathini kuya endizeni. Ama-METAR nama-TAFs abika ikhava yefu ku-AGL. Ukuphakama okungapheli nakho kusetshenziselwa ukusiza indiza enkulu yomhlaba ifakwe ama-radar altimeters. Izindiza ezincane ezincane azinawo ama-altimeters e-radar futhi kufanele zifake esikhundleni sokuphakama okubonisiwe kanye namashadi we-instrument (IMC) ezindizayo nezinye izinto zokusebenza.