Injongo Yenjongo Yokuphila Yebhange
Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yenkinga yezimali ka-2008, abalawuli emhlabeni jikelele baye bafuna lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izidingo zokuphila ezizokwenziwa ngamabhange kanye nezikhungo zezezimali zezinye izinhlobo ezahlukene. Inhloso yokuphila ebhange noma esinye isikhungo sezezimali sikhombisa uhlelo lokubhekana nesimo esibekwe eshalofini uma ngabe inhlangano ingena ngaphansi futhi idinga ukuvalwa, ithengiswe futhi / noma iphulwe.
Esinye sezici ezixoxwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sohlelo olunjalo ukuthi kungadinga izakhiwo ezincane kakhulu kunezinkampani kunokuba zisetshenziswe namuhla yizikhungo ezinkulu zezezimali ezizweni eziningi ukuze kunciphise intela kanye / noma ukunciphisa imithwalo yokulawula. Uma kunjalo, ukulungiswa kabusha kwezikhungo zezezimali ukuze kube lula ukwenza izinto eziphilayo kunganciphisa kakhulu inzuzo yabo, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ikhono labo lokunikeza isikweletu futhi mhlawumbe futhi, ngokudabukisayo, ukunciphisa amandla abo ezemali.
Umphumela Wokuthola Okuningiliziwe Ukuphila Ingabe
Okunye okungaqondakaliyo ukuthi ama-ejensi wokulinganisa aseqalile ukukhombisa ukuthi ukutholakala kokuphila okuningiliziwe kungase kuphoqele ukwehlisa izinga lokulinganisa kwenkampani.
Isizathu siwukuthi, ngenhloso yokuphila, kungase kube lula kubalawuli ukuvumela ukuthi isikhungo sihluleke uma sibhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu zezezimali. Ngempela, iningi lemigomo yezifiso zokuphila ukunciphisa izimboni zezinkampani zezezimali "ezikhulu kakhulu ukuhluleka."
I-Passage ye-Bill Dodd-Frank Financial Reform Bill
Umthetho we-Dodd-Frank wezinguquko wezezimali ka-2010 unquma ukuthi izinkampani ezinamabhange asebhange ezinamafa angaphezu kwezingu-$ 50 billion kumele zilungiselele izimfuno zokuphila futhi zizifake ngezolawulo zezimali.
Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, amabhange angaphezu kuka-100 namanye amafemu ezemali athintekile. Amafemu amaningi ezimali angaphandle angenezinyathelo ezimbalwa e-US ayelokhu efuna ukukhululwa ngenxa yokuthi akufanele abhekwe ngaphansi komthetho esekelwe usayizi wabo jikelele. Izikhungo ezinkulu zebhange ezingu-9 e-United States zazidingeke ukuba zifake izidingo zabo zokuphila ngoJulayi 1, 2012. La mabhange ahlanganisa:
- JPMorgan Chase
- I-Citigroup
- I-Goldman Sachs
- UMorgan Stanley
- Ibhange laseMelika
- I-Barclays
- Deutsche Bank
- Credit Suisse
- UBS
Izibalo zalezi zinhlelo zamabhange kufanele zitholakale ukuze zihlolwe amalungu omphakathi jikelele. Amaphuzu avelele kulezi zifiso eziphilayo zihlanganisa (nge "Amabhange Alungiselela Ukuphela," i-Wall Street Journal , ngoJuni 26, 2012):
- Amacebo kumele abuyekezwe njalo ngonyaka.
- Abalawuli bangadinga ukubuyekezwa okuvamile.
- Amabhange ahlukunyeziwe angaphoqeleka ukuba akhulise imali enkulu noma avimbele ukukhula.
- I- FDIC , ngokubonisana ne-Federal Reserve, ingaqeda ibhange elikhathazekile.
Amabhange amancane abhekene nesikhathi sokugcina sokugcina ngoDisemba 31, 2013, ngokuhambisa izimfuno zabo zokuphila.
Futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi: Amacebo okubhekana nokuqapha noma izinhlelo zokuxazulula izinkampani ezingekho ngaphansi kwezimali noma izikhungo zezezimali.
Isizinda Esimlando: Uma Bear Bear Stearns noma Lehman Brothers bebenamaphiko okuphila ngaphambi kokuba bangenele ngo-2008, abanye ababukeli bakholelwa ukuthi imisebenzi yabo ingahle ifakwe ngendlela ehlelekile ngaphandle kokuvimbela inkinga yomhlaba wonke wezezimali nezomnotho okwenzeke kuyo.
Ngokuyinhloko, ukukhula kwezikhungo zezezimali okuthiwa "kakhulu kakhulu ukuhluleka" ngaphandle kokufaka ingozi ekujuleni kwezezimali nezomnotho kuye kwaholela emcimbini walokho okubizwa ngokuthi izidingo zokuphila kula ma femu njengendlela yokulawula eyenzelwe ukugwema izinkinga ezinjalo esikhathini esizayo.