Izinsimbi Zomalimboli Ezingenayo kanye NamaBond
Imbonini yezinsizakalo zezezimali ibonakala ngokushintsha okungapheli. Ukuhamba kwezimali ezintsha kungenasici, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni komkhiqizo omusha nasekulawulweni komkhiqizo .
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, le mboni iphinde ihoxise, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yezinto ezintsha ezithinteka kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqaliswa kwazo, ngezinye izikhathi nemiphumela engalindelekile iminyaka eminingi emgwaqweni. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi ngamakilasi wonke amasheya amasha esikweletu, izinsimbi zemali, nezinhlobo zezibopho.
01 Izimali zezinhlekelele
Izibopho ze-catastrophe yizinhlobo ezintsha zesikweletu esizimele esenza njengesiqiniseko sezikweletu kuze kube yilapho isikhathi sezinhlekelele zemvelo, khona-ke ziyizinkinga zemishanguzo yomshuwalense, eqinisweni, ukukhokha umkhipha.
Ukuboleka Kwesikweletu Esihlanganisiwe
Isibopho semali esikweletshiwe, noma i-CDO, siyisilwane sokuvikeleka kwezikweletu esisekelwe yizinye izikhali zemali. Izibopho ezakhelwe phezu kwezibopho, uma uthanda.
Imfanelo Yokuboleka Imali Ehlanganisiwe 03
Isibopho sokubolekwa kwemali, noma i-CLO, siyashintsha ngomqondo weMfanelo Yesikweletu Esihlanganisiwe, noma i-CDO. Kodwa-ke, lesi sikhathi, izimpahla ezingaphansi akuzona izibopho ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni.
Isibopho Sokuboleka Kwamahhafu Esihlanganisiwe
Isibopho sokuThengiswa Kwezindlu, noma i-CMO, ifomu leMali Yokubolekwa KwesiKhwama, noma i-CLO, eyakhiwa phezu kwamachibi okubolekwa kwemali, imali ehlala ekhaya.
05 Izibopho ezihlanganisiwe
Izibopho eziveziwe ziye zavame eYurophu isikhathi esithile esibalulekile, kodwa nje nje sekuqale ukukhishwa e-United States. Nakuba zifana ngokulinganayo noMthwalo Wokubolekwa Kwamahhashi, noma i-CMO, kukhona umehluko obalulekile owenciphisa kakhulu ingozi kumnikazi. Eqinisweni, abaxhasi balolu hlobo lwezinhlobo zezibopho ukuthi isakhiwo salo sinikeza ingozi encane futhi izinga eliphakeme jikelele.
06 Isikweletu Sokuzenzakalela Shintsha
I-Credit Default Swap, noma i-CDS, akuyona ithuluzi lesikweletu nge-se. Kunalokho, kuyinhlobonhlobo yomshuwalense wephothifoliyo. Ekuhluphekeni kwezezimali ngo-2008, izinkinga ngezindleko nokubaluleka kwezinkontileka ze-CDS, kanye nekhono lamaphathina eziphikisanayo ukuze zihlangabezane nezibopho zabo zesivumelwano, zazithela futhi zandisa ukukhula komnotho.
07 Izibopho Zokufa
Izibopho zokushona zifakiwe ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene zokutshalwa kwezimali eziye zaqondisa abalawuli . Lezi zinhlelo zisetshenziselwa abacwaningi abazama ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izivumelwano ezibophezelekile ezizokwenza zikhange nakakhulu kuzimboni zesikhathi eside.
08 I-Junk Bond Finance
I-Junk Bond Finance, isetshenziselwa ukukhokhela izikweletu eziphezulu njengengxenye yezimali zokulingana, yaba isihloko esishisayo kuma-1980, kwaze kwaba yinto engafanelekile, kodwa isenayo indawo ebalulekile ohlelweni lwezezimali.
09 Ukuvikeleka okulondoloziwe kwe-Mortgage
Ukuvikeleka Okusekelwe Kwama-Mortgage, noma i-MBS, ukuvikeleka kwezikweletu okusekelwa yi-home mortgage. Ngokuvamile kufana ne-Obligation Mortgage Collateralized, noma i-CMO.
10 Impahla Yokuthengisa Impahla Yokuthengisa Impahla Yomhlaba
I-Real Estate Investment Conduit Conduit, noma i-REMIC, isinye isichazamazwi, ngokukhulumayo, se-Collateralized Mortgage Obligation, noma i-CMO, ne-Mortgage Backed Security, noma i-MBS.
11 Sukuk
Omunye wezinhloko eziyinhloko ezingaphansi kwezimali zamaSulumane ukugwema ukukhokha noma ukuqoqa inzalo. Ukubamba iqhaza kuma-investors nabasindisi abaqinile bamaSulumane, kuye kwadalwa izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zezimali ezisebenzela inhloso efanayo nezibopho nezinye izibambiso zezikweletu, kodwa lapho inzalo engeke ikhokhwe khona. I-Sukuk yigama elibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezimali zokubambisa izikweletu eziye zaqalwa ukuze zihlangabezane nemigomo yemali yamaSulumane.
12 I-Tranche
Izindleko eziningana zezikweletu ezibalwe ngenhla zihlukaniswe zibe yizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-tranches ahlukene. Lezi zinsimbi zezikweletu zifaka phakathi, isibonelo:
- Isibopho Sesikweletu Esihlanganisiwe, noma i-CDO
- Isibophezelo Somhlalaphansi Esihlanganisiwe, noma i-CLO
- Isibopho Sokubolekwa Kwezindlu, noma i-CMO
- Ukuvikeleka okulondoloziwe kwe-Mortgage, noma i-MBS
- I-Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit, noma i-REMIC
I-tranche ngayinye inezimiso nemibandela ehlukile, futhi iphrofayli engozini / yokubuya ephuma kubantakwethu abakubo abavela echibini elifanayo lempahla engaphansi. Funda ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe.