Ukuba yisisebenzi esisebenza ngokuzibophezela ngaphandle kwemingcele yomphathi ngokuyinhloko bekuyisifiso sabasebenzi abaningi baseMelika. Yini engcono kunokukwazi ukusetha amahora akho, nokuthi usebenze kuphi nokuthi ufuna nini?
Kuwo wonke umuntu okhethile ukusebenza emnothweni we-gig, kukhona abanye abaphelile lapho ngaphandle kokuzikhethela bona. Ezinye izisebenzi ziye zagxila emsebenzini wokuziqasha njengoba abaqashi baye bathembela kubasebenzi bezinkontileka ukuze bagweme izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo nezinye izinzuzo ezihlobene nokuphatha abasebenzi besikhathi esigcwele. Futhi, abasebenzi abaningi asebekhulile babephambukile lapho behamba ngokweqile futhi baye bakhetha umsebenzi wokuziqhenya njengendlela yokugcina, ngoba bebengakwazi ukubuyela emsebenzini.
Umphumela waba ukuvela kwezomnotho we-gig lapho abasebenzi bephethwe ngabaqashi ukuba basebenze ngaphandle kwesimo (noma izinzuzo ) somsebenzi ohlala njalo . Abantu abafana nabalingisi, abaculi, abasebenzi befilimu, kanye nezandla zasemapulazini zonyaka bezilokhu befuduka bevela eGig kuya ku-gig, kodwa manje umkhuba uye wanda kwezinye izindawo ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi ezimbonini zesevisi.
Amathrendi Aphelele Ekuziqheni
I-Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) ibika ukuthi ukuziqhenya empeleni kwahlehlisa phansi kusukela ngo-1994 kuya ku-2015.
Ngo-1994 izinga lokuziqhenya kwaba yimali engamaphesenti angu-12.1, kanti ngonyaka ka-2015 isibalo sinqatshelwe amaphesenti angu-10.1 wabasebenzi. Lokhu kuncipha kungachazwa ngokuyingxenye ngokunciphisa okubukhali ekusebenzeni kwezolimo phakathi naleso sikhathi, njengoba abasebenzi abaningi basepulazini abanamapulazi futhi bezisebenzela bona, noma beyizisebenzi zabathuthele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhungo ezincane zokuthengisa manje zikhona ngokubusa kwe-mall nezitolo ezinkulu zebhokisi.
Kodwa-ke, i-Harvard Business Review (HBR) ibika ukuthi nakuba isibalo sabasebenzi abasebenza ngokuzimele njengoba kubike uhulumeni silokhu sihlala njalo kusukela ngo-2000, inani langempela labasebenzi abazimele liye landa. I-HBR ibonisa ukuthi umehluko ekuchazeni okungaphezulu kokusebenza komsebenzi okwenziwa yi-BLS.
Uhulumeni ufuna abaphenduli bezinhlolovo ukuba bamemezele isigaba esisodwa somsebenzi kusuka ezikhethweni ezintathu: umkhakha wangasese, uhulumeni, noma umsebenzi wokuzimela. Izisebenzi zesikhashana, abantu abazisebenzela ngokwabo ngezikhathi ezithile , nabasebenzi bekonkontileka bonke kungenzeka ukuthi bahlukunyezwa ekuhloleni kukahulumeni.
I-Mckinsey Global Institute yahlola abantu abangu-8 000 e-United States naseYurophu futhi baqikelela ukuthi amaphesenti angu-20 - amaphesenti angu-30 abasebenzi basebenziwa "ngendlela ethile yokuzimela."
Amathrendi Embonini ku-Gig Economy
Amathuba okuziqhenya asebenza ngendlela ehluke kakhulu ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Ngokusho kwe-LinkedIn, izinkontileka ezashintsha imbonini phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-12 ezedlule zithinta:
- Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo (amaphesenti angu-11)
- Izakhiwo zangempela (amaphesenti angu-10)
- Ukwakhiwa (amaphesenti angu-+8)
- Izezimali (amaphesenti angu-+8)
- Izinsizakalo ze-Software / IT (amaphesenti +5)
Ezinye izimboni zenze ukunciphisa inani labasebenzi abaziqashile:
- Ukuphepha Komphakathi (-16 amaphesenti)
- Ama-Retail (-12 amaphesenti)
- Ubuciko (amaphesenti angu -11)
- Ukuzijabulisa / Ukuhamba (amaphesenti angu-9)
- Ezolimo (amaphesenti angu -8)
Umsebenzi ovamile wokuHlaliswa kwe-Freelance Employment
Ngokusho kwe-Upwork, inethiwekhi ehola phambili yokuxhumanisa ama-freelancers kubaqashi, imisebenzi eyaziwayo yokuzimela ngokuzibandakanya ihlanganisa: abaqambi nabakhi, amawebhu, abathuthukisi beselula nabasofthiwe, ochwepheshe bezokusekela, abalobi nabahumushi, ochwepheshe bezimali / ababonisana nabo, IT kanye nabachwepheshe bezokuxhumana, ukuthengisa / abathengisi / abahlinzeki bamakhasimende, abameli / abaphambili, onjiniyela kanye nabakhi bezakhiwo, kanye nochwepheshe bezesayensi / abahlaziyi be-data.
Ukunakekelwa kubonisa futhi usizo lwezempilo ekhaya, abahlinzeki bezemisebenzi, kanye nabashayeli bokuhambisa njengamanye imisebenzi anamathuba okukhula kwabanikazi bamahhala.
Lapho Imisebenzi Ikhona - futhi Awukho
Ngokusho kwe-BLS, izifunda ezingu-21 zinezibalo eziphakeme zokuziqhenya kunomphakathi kazwelonke wamaphesenti angu-10.1 ngo-2015. Amazwe ngamanani aphezulu ahlanganisa:
- I-Montana amaphesenti angu-16.1
- Maine amaphesenti angu-15.4
- I-Vermont amaphesenti angu-14.4
- I-South Dakota amaphesenti angu-14.2
Isimo samazwe angamashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye sinezibalo eziphansi zokuziqhenya. Okuphansi kakhulu kufaka:
- I-District of Columbia amaphesenti angu-7.1
- I-Delaware amaphesenti angu-7.2
- Ama-Alabama angu-7.5
Ukuziqhenya Ngokweminyaka
Abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala nangaphezulu babe nezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuziqasha ngamaphesenti angu-24.1, balandela labo abaneminyaka engu-55 kuya kwengu-64 emaphesenti angu-14.7, abaneminyaka engama-45 kuya kwengama-54 ubudala emaphesenti angu-11,8, abaneminyaka engu-35 kuya kweyengu-44 ubudala emaphesenti angu-10, 25 kuya ku-34. abaneminyaka engama-5.7%, kanti abaneminyaka engu-16 kuya kwangu-24 ubudala ngamaphesenti angu-2.2.
Ukuziqhenya Ngobulili
Amadoda ayekwazi ukuzisebenzisela ngokweqile ngamaphesenti angu-12.3, kanti amaphesenti angu-7.5 kuphela abesifazane ayesebenza ngokweqile.
Ukuziqhenya Ngezinga Lezemfundo
Izinga lokuziqhayisa zihlukile, kodwa hhayi ngendlela ephawulekayo, ngezinga lokufinyelela kwezemfundo ngokuvumelana ne-BLS. Labo basebenzi abanezicucu zezobuchwepheshe noma bezobuchwepheshe babehlukile futhi babe namazinga aphezulu kakhulu okuziqasha:
- Amaphesenti angu-21.3 abantu abanesidingo sobuchwepheshe, njengodokotela, abameli, kanye nabaqambi abenza imikhuba yangasese, basebenza ngokweqile.
- Amaphesenti angu-16.6 alabo abanezidakamizwa basebenza ngokuzimela.
- Abasebenzi abanesilinganiso esiphakeme esikoleni esiphakeme nalabo abaneziqu ze-bachelor's degree babe nesilinganiso sokuqashwa kwamaphesenti angu-11.2.
- Labo abaneziqu ze-master bafika ngamaphesenti angu-9.3.
Ukuzikhandla Kwamanye amazwe Ngezwe Lokuqala Nokuncintisana
Izisebenzi ezivela kwamanye amazwe zazivame ukuzisebenza ngokweqile kunabalingani babo base-US. Izinga lokuziqhenya ngabanye abantu abazalwa kwamanye amazwe laliyi-11.2 amaphesenti futhi kuphela amaphesenti angu-9,8 ezisebenzi ezizalwayo.
Abasebenzi abamhlophe (amaphesenti angu-10,9) babe nethuba lokuziqhenya kunabomnyama / abamnyama baseMelika (amaphesenti angu-5.2), ama-Asiya (amaphesenti angu-9,6), noma amaLatinos (amaphesenti angu-8.3).
Ukuziqasha: Ngokuzikhethela Noma Ukuphoqelelwa?
I-LinkedIn ProFinder ibika ukuthi ngabanikazi bama-freelancers abahloliwe, amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-50 ayenamasu angaphinde abuyele emsebenzini wesikhathi esigcwele futhi afuna ukusebenza ngokuzimela. Cishe amaphesenti angu-20 athi bayokwenza izibalo eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu kulo nyaka kusuka ku-freelancing.
Ucwaningo lweMckinsey Global Institute lubonise ukuthi amaphesenti angu-70 abasebenzi abasebenza ngokuzikhethela ayekhethile ngokukhululekile ukuthi isimo sinomthombo oyinhloko noma owengeziwe wokuthola imali. Amaphesenti angama-30 asele abantu abazisebenzisayo ababesesimweni esinjalo ngokuthi "abatshitshisi" abangakhetha imisebenzi yendabuko noma "abantu ababoshiwe ngokwezimali" abaphoqelelwe ukuba bazuze imali yabo ngemisebenzi emele.
Abasebenzi abafakwe emsebenzini wokuziqhayisa bangase bangabasebenzi futhi abaningi bangenza imali encane noma engenayo emisebenzini yabo. Ngakho-ke, amanani angasebenzi awakwazi ukumelela ngokugcwele leli qembu labasebenzi abangase baphendule njengabantu abaziqashile ukuze bahlolwe nguhulumeni.
Ukuhlelwa Kwesikhathi Esizayo Kwezomnotho We-Gig
Ngisho nemiklamo ye-BLS ukuthi ukuziqasha okungewona ezolimo kuzokwanda ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-7 kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2024. Intuit ilinganiswa izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuziqasha (ngamaphesenti angu-43) ngo-2020. Lo mkhuba uzoba nomthelela ngokutholakala okunengqondo ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okubiza futhi okuphathekayo kwabasebenzi abangabambisene nabaqashi ngesikhathi esigcwele .
Kwesinye isingeniso sabasebenzi base-United States abangu-2700 yi-FreshBooks, inani labasebenzi abazisebenzayo lizokhula libe yizigidi ezingama-42 ngo-2020. Izinkulungwane zeminyaka zibonakala zibhekiswe ikakhulukazi emsebenzini wokuzimela, futhi zihlolwe kulolu cwaningo ukuze zithole u-42% wezinye ezengeziwe abasebenzi abaqashiwe.
Izibalo zokuziqhenya ezihlinzekwa yi-Bureau of Labor Statistics ' Self-Employment e-United States (2016)