Umbiko Uthola Izindima Zobulili Ukuguqula Phakathi Kwabancane baseMelika
Ukuguqula izindima zobulili
Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni wocwaningo kubonisa ukuthi abesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-29 banamathuba amaningi njengamadoda okufuna imisebenzi enomthwalo wemfanelo.
Ngo-1992, lolu cwaningo lwathola ukuthi amaphesenti angama-80 amadoda angaphansi kweminyaka engu-29 afuna imisebenzi enomthwalo wemfanelo ophezulu, ngokulinganiselwa kuma-72 wamaphesenti abesifazane abasha. Isifiso sokuba nomthwalo wemfanelo esinciphile sancipha kubo bobabili ekuhloleni kwango-1997, (kwafika kumaphesenti angu-61 amadoda namaphesenti angu-54 kwabesifazane) bese bekhuphuka ngo-2002 kuya kuma-66 amaphesenti amadoda kanye namaphesenti angu-56 abesifazane.
Ngonyaka ka-2008, abesifazane abasebasha ababengafuni imithwalo yemfanelo eminingi bachaze ukuthi kungani:
- Amaphesenti angu-31 asho ukucindezelwa komsebenzi okwandisiwe.
- Amaphesenti angu-19 asebenomsebenzi osezingeni eliphezulu.
- Amaphesenti angu-15 abonisa ukukhathazeka ngokuba nezimo ezanele zokuphatha umsebenzi nomuzi.
Ukuzalwa Kwamama Akudambisi Ukuthanda
Umkhuba wesibili abacwaningi abaqokomisa ukuthi kulolu cwaningo lwango-2008, omama abasha babefuna umsebenzi omkhulu kunabangane babo ababengenabantwana.
Ngibheka abesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-29 ngo-1992, amaphesenti angu-78 abesifazane abangenabantwana nabesifazane abangamaphesenti angama-60 abafuna umthwalo omkhulu. Lokho kwanyuka ngo-2008, kuphela ngamaphesenti angama-66 kuphela wesifazane ongenabantwana kanye namaphesenti angu-69 omama abancane abafuna imisebenzi ephezulu yemithwalo yemfanelo.
"Ngokuqhathanisa no-1992 no-2008, izindlela ezimbili ezikhulayo zihamba phambili: phakathi kwaMillenials (abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-29 ubudala), abesifazane banamathuba amaningi okufuna amathuba emisebenzi," kusho umbiko. "Namuhla, akekho umehluko phakathi kwabesifazane abasebasha abanezingane ezingenabantwana ngesifiso sabo sokuthuthela emithwalweni eminingi."
"Kuhlanganisiwe, lezi zindlela ezimbili zisho ukuthi abesifazane baseMillenial banamathemba afanayo nabalingani babo besilisa uma kuziwa emigomeni yokuzikhandla nokulindela," kusho umbiko.
Amadoda nabesifazane bayavumelana nezindima zobulili
Futhi okokuqala ngqa emlandweni wocwaningo, ngo-2008 cishe amaphesenti afanayo amadoda nabesifazane bakholelwa emisebenzini yendabuko yendabuko.
Amaphesenti angaba ngu-42 namadoda angamaphesenti angu-39 avumelana nesitatimende ukuthi kungcono kuwo wonke umuntu "uma le ndoda ithola imali, lona wesifazane unakekela ikhaya nezingane." Lokhu kwehla kwamaphesenti angama-74 namadoda angu-52 amaphesenti abesifazane asekela izindima zesintu ngokobulili ngo-1977.
Uzoqaphela ukuthi amadoda amaningi kunabesifazane ashintshile imibono yabo ngezinsizakalo zobulili phakathi kuka-1977 no-2008. Amadoda emindeni emibili ehola imali yashintsha isimo sabo sengqondo kakhulu, ngamaphesenti angu-37 kuphela abamba imibono yendabuko ngo-2008 ngokubhekene namaphesenti angu-70 ngo-1977.
Izizukulwane ezindala zibambe imibono yendabuko ebucayi kunabasha. Kodwa lo mbiko wathola amalungu ezizukulwane zakudala evulekile kakhulu emisebenzini engeyona yendabuko ngokobulili kunakudala. Ukuze uthole imininingwane, bheka ikhasi 11 lombiko .
Ukwamukelwa okwengeziwe kwamaMama asebenzayo
Ngonyaka ka-2008, abasebenzi abangamaphesenti angu-73 bathi abomama abasebenzayo bangaba nobuhlobo obuhle nezingane zabo njengama-mamama ahlala ekhaya.
Lokhu kuvela kumaphesenti angu-58 ngo-1977.
Phakathi kwamadoda, inani lalingamaphesenti angu-67 ngo-2008 kanti amaphesenti angama-49 ngo-1977. Kwabesifazane, amaphesenti angu-80 ngo-2008 bakholelwa ukuthi ukusebenza komama kungaba nobuhlobo obuhle bomntwana, kusukela kuma-71% ngonyaka ka-1977.
Abantu abakhulela nomama osebenzayo babevame ukuvuma ngokuqinile ukuthi omama abasebenzayo bangaba nobuhlobo obuhle nabantwana.
Ubani Owenza Imisebenzi?
Ngonyaka ka-2008, amaphesenti angu-56 amadoda athi ayenze okungenani isigamu sokupheka, esukela ngamaphesenti angama-34 ngo-1992. Abafazi bayibona ngokuhlukile kodwa ngamaphesenti angu-25 kuphela athi amadoda enza okungenani isigamu, ephuma ngamaphesenti angu-15 ngo-1992.
Ngokuqondene nokuhlanza indlu, kunomthelela omkhulu nakakhulu wokubona ukuthi ubani osebenzayo. Amaphesenti angu-53 amadoda athi athatha ingxenye engamaphesenti angama-40 ngo-1992. Kodwa abesifazane abangamaphesenti angu-20 kuphela bathi umlingani wabo wenza okungenani isigamu, kusukela ngo-18% ngo-1992, hhayi umahluko ophawulekayo.
"Kuye kwacaca ukuthi kuyamukeleka emphakathini ukuba amadoda abe khona futhi athi ahileleke ekunakekeleni izingane, ukupheka nokuhlanza eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlulile kunalesi sikhathi esidlule," kusho umbiko.
Umsebenzi Okhulayo-Ukungqubuzana Kwempilo Kwabesilisa
Njengoba obaba nabayeni banda imithwalo yabo yemfanelo ekhaya, nabo babhekene nobunzima obunzima bokusebenza kanye nemisebenzi yomndeni.
Ngonyaka ka-2008, amaphesenti angu-45 amadoda abika ukuzwa ukuphikisana komsebenzi, kusuka kuma-34 amaphesenti ngonyaka ka-1997. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-39 abesifazane abanobudlova ngonyaka ka-2008, kusuka ku-34% ngonyaka ka-1997.
Obaba babethwa kanzima kakhulu, abanamaphesenti angama-59 emadodeni emindeni emibili ebika ukungqubuzana komsebenzi-womndeni, ngokulingana namaphesenti angu-35 ngo-1977. Emindenini eyodwa yokuthola imali, amaphesenti angu-50 obaba babhekana nokuxabana.
Ukubheka omama, amaphesenti angu-45 aqala ukungqubuzana ngo-2008, aphuma ngamaphesenti angu-41 ngo-1977.
Kuyinto enhle ukubona ukuthi izindima zobulili ziyaqhubeka nokushintsha kodwa kunomsebenzi omningi okumelwe wenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe umkhuba wethu womama.
Ihlelwe ngu-Elizabeth McGrory