Uhlelo lwe-ADF / NDB lokuhamba ngenye yezinhlelo zokuqala zokuhamba emoyeni ezisasetshenziswa namuhla. Isebenza kusukela kumqondo olula kakhulu wokuzulazula umsakazo: umsakazo womsakazo osuka emhlabathini (i-NDB) uthumela isignali omnidirectional ukuthi i-antenna ye-aircraft ithola. Umphumela uba yi-instrument ye-cockpit (i-ADF) ebonisa isimo sezindiza esiseduze nesiteshi se-NDB, evumela umshayeli ukuba "ekhaya" esiteshini noma alandele inkambo evela esiteshini.
I-ADF Ingxenye
I-ADF yiyona i-Automatic Direction Finder futhi iyisitsha se-cockpit esibonisa isiqondiso esiqondile kumshayeli. Izinsimbi zokuthola iziqondiso ezizenzakalelayo zithola amagagasi omsakazo omsakazo naphakathi omsakazo avela esiteshini esisekelwe emhlabathini, kufaka phakathi ama-beacons angabonisi, ama-beacons asetjenziswa ngethuluzi futhi angathola ngisho neziteshi zokusakaza zomsakazo ezentengiselwano.
I-ADF ithola izimpawu zomsakazo ngama-antenna amabili: i-antenna ye-loop kanye ne-antenna yomqondo. I-antenna ye-loop inquma amandla esignali esitholayo esiteshini somhlaba ukucacisa ukuqondiswa kwesiteshi, futhi i-antenna yomqondo inquma ukuthi indiza iyahamba noma ikude nesiteshi.
I-NDB Ingxenye
I-NDB imelela ibhononi engeyona eqondisayo. I-NDB iyisiteshini somhlabathi esivela isignali njalo kuyo yonke indawo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-beacon omnidirectional. Isignali ye-NDB esebenzayo emvuthwandaba phakathi kuka 190-135 KHz ayinikeli ulwazi ngokuqondisa kwesignali - nje amandla ayo.
Iziteshi ze-NDB zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu amane:
- I-compass Locator ibheconi ephansi-homing esetshenziselwa izindlela eziseduze ne-beacon ngokwayo futhi inezintaba zamakhilomitha angu-15
- Isigaba se-Medium Homing (MH) sinobubanzi bezinkulungwane ezingu-25 zama-nautical
- Isigaba se-Homing (H) sinomkhawulo wamamayela angu-50 we-nautical
- Isigaba se-High Homing (HH) sinomkhawulo wamamayela angu-75 we-nautical
Izibonakaliso ze-NDB zihamba phezu komhlaba, zilandela ukuvinjelwa komhlaba. Izindiza ezindizayo eduze komhlaba futhi iziteshi ze-NDB zizothola isibonakaliso esinokwethenjelwa, kodwa isignali isamathele amaphutha.
Iziphambeko ze-ADF / NDB
- Iphutha le-Ionosphere: Ngokuqondile phakathi nezinkathi zokushona kwelanga nokuphuma kwelanga, i-ionosphere ibonisa izimpawu ze-NDB emuva eMhlabeni, okwenza ukushintshashintsha kwenaliti ye-ADF.
- Ukungxenywa kwamandla kagesi: Endaweni yomsebenzi ophezulu kagesi, njenge-thunderstorm, inaliti ye-ADF izoziphendulela emthonjeni womsebenzi kagesi, okwenza ukufundwa okungalungile.
- Iziphambeko Ze-Terrain: Izintaba noma amahlathi angabangela ukugoba noma ukubonisa izibonakaliso. Umshayeli wezokushayela kufanele anganaki ukufundwa okungalungile kulezi zindawo.
- Iphutha leBhange: Uma indiza isiphenduke, isimo se-antenna se-loop sishintshile, okwenza ukuthi i-ADF isebenze ibhalansi.
Ukusetshenziswa Okusebenzayo kwe-ADF / NDB Ukuhamba
Abashayeli bezindiza bathole uhlelo lwe-ADF / NDB ukuthi lunokwethenjelwa ekunqumeni isikhundla, kodwa ngenxa yensimbi elula, i-ADF ingaba nzima kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Ukuze uqale, umshayeli wemoto ukhetha futhi abonise imvamisa efanelekile yesiteshi se-NDB kumakhethi wakhe we-ADF.
Insimbi ye-ADF ngokuvamile iyinkhomba ehleliwe yekhadi ephethe umcibisholo okhomba endaweni yebhekoni.
Ukulandelela esiteshini se-NDB endizeni kungenziwa ngokuthi "homing," okusho nje ukukhomba indiza ngokuya komcibisholo.
Njengoba izimo zomoya zisezingeni eliphezulu, indlela ye-homing ayifuni ukukhiqiza umugqa oqondile esiteshini. Esikhundleni salokho, kudala okungaphezulu kwephethini ye-arc, okwenza "i-homing" indlela engafaneleki, ikakhulukazi emabangeni amade.
Esikhundleni se-homing, abashayeli bezindiza bafundiswa ukuba "balandele" esiteshini besebenzisa izingalo zokulungisa umoya kanye nezibalo zokubala ezihlobene. Uma umshayeli ehamba ngqo esiteshini, umcibisholo uzokhomba phezulu kwesibonakaliso sokuthwala, kuma-degree angu-0. Nakhu lapho kukhwabanisa khona: Ngenkathi isibonakaliso sokuthinta sikhombisa ama-degree angama-0, isihloko sangempela sezindiza sizohlukahluka. Umshayeli wezindiza kumele aqonde umehluko phakathi kokubhekelana kwezihlobo (RB), ukukhiqizwa kwe-magnetic (MB) ne-head magnétique (MH) ukuze isebenzise kahle uhlelo lwe-ADF.
Ngaphandle kokubala njalo izihloko ezintsha zamagnetic ngokusekelwe esihlotsheni kanye / noma ekubutheni kwamagnetic, uma sethula isikhathi sokulingana - ngomzamo wokubala isikhathi esendleleni, isibonelo - kukhona ukubala okungaphezulu kokufeza.
Nakhu lapho abaningi abajikelezayo bewela ngemuva. Ukubala izihloko zamagnetic kuyinto eyodwa, kodwa ukubala izihloko ezintsha zamagnetic ngenkathi kubheka umoya, i-airspeed, futhi isikhathi esendleleni kungaba umthwalo omkhulu wokusebenza, ikakhulukazi kumshayeli wokuqala.
Ngenxa yomthwalo wokusebenza ohambisana ne-ADF / NDB, abaningi abajikelezayo baye bayeka ukuyisebenzisa. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe obusha obufana ne- GPS ne- WAAS butholakala kalula, uhlelo lwe-ADF / NDB luyinto yasendulo. Abanye sebevele baxoshwa yi-FAA.