Esikhathini sokuqala, kwakuyisiko lomkhumbi ongena emgodini onobungane ukukhipha i-cannon yakhe ukukhombisa ukuthi balayishiwe.
Umkhuba Oyisikhathi Esivamile
Isiko sokunikeza isalute nge-cannon sitholakala ngekhulu le-14 njengoba izibhamu nezinkuni zaqala ukusetshenziswa. Njengoba la madivaysi okuqala ayequkethe i-projectile eyodwa kuphela, ukuwaxosha kwaba kanye kwababenzile. Ekuqaleni kwemikhumbi yempi yaxoshwa izibhamu eziyisikhombisa - isibalo se-7 cishe esikhethwe ngenxa yobungako bayo bezinkanyezi nezeBhayibheli. Amaplanethi ayisikhombisa ayebonisiwe futhi izigaba zenyanga zashintsha njalo ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa. IBhayibheli lithi uNkulunkulu waphumula ngosuku lwesikhombisa emva kokudalwa, ukuthi njalo ngonyaka wesikhombisa wawuyisabatha futhi ukuthi izikhathi eziyisikhombisa ngonyaka wesikhombisa wabiza ngonyaka weJubile.
Amabhethri omhlaba, anesibhamu esikhulu, akwazi ukushisa izibhamu ezintathu kuzo zonke izibhamu ezidubulayo, ngakho-ke ukulumbana ngamabhethri angasogwini kwakuyizibhamu ezingu-21.
I-multiple of three mhlawumbe yakhethwa ngenxa yobungako obucacile benombolo yesithathu kwimiphakathi eminingi yasendulo. Isibhamu sokuqala, esakhiwe ikakhulukazi nge-nitrate ye-sodium, senziwa kalula olwandle kodwa singagcinwa umagazini opholile futhi ogwazayo. Lapho i-potassium nitrate ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yesibhamu, imikhumbi yasolwandle yamukela isabuliso ngezibhamu ezingu-21.
Iminyaka eminingi, isibalo sezibhamu sithunjelwe ngezinhloso ezehlukene zahlukahluka ezweni lonke. Ngo-1730, iRoyal Navy yayichaza ngezibhamu ezingu-21 ngezikhathi ezithile zokugubha usuku, nakuba lokhu kwakungeyona impoqo njengokwasawoti emndenini waseRoyal kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.
Izigameko eziningana ezidumile ezibandakanya izibhamu zesibhamu zenzeka ngesikhathi seMelika Revolution. Ngo-16 Novemba 1776, i-Continental Navy brigantine u-Andrew Doria, uCaptain Isaya Robinson, udubule isibhamu esinezibhamu ezingu-13 ngokungena esitokisini saseSt. Eustatius eN West Indies (amanye ama-akhawunti anika okungu-11 njengenombolo). Ngemva kwamaminithi ambalwa, isaliti yabuyiselwa izibhamu ezingu-9 (noma eziyisi-11) ngomyalelo wombusi waseDutch wesiqhingi. Ngaleso sikhathi, isibhamu sesibhamu esingama-13 sasingamelwa ama-United States asanda kuhlanganiswa; iseshoni engokwesiko eyenziwa i-republic ngaleso sikhathi yayiyizibhamu ezingu-9. Lokhu kuye kwabizwa ngokuthi "u- salute wokuqala " efulethini laseMelika. Nokho, cishe amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kwalokho, i-schooner yaseMelika yayinezinhlobonhlobo zemikhonto yakhe esiqhingini saseSweden saseSt. Croix. Ifulegi eligeleza u-Andrew Doria kanye ne-schooner yaseMelika engakaqanjwanga ngegama ngo-1776 kwakungeyona yezinkanyezi nezintambo, ezingakaze zamukelwe. Kunalokho, kwakuyifulegi le-Grand Union, elinemizila emithathu ebomvu neyomhlophe ne-British Jack emnyunyeni.
Isibongo sokuqala esisemthethweni esivela esizweni samazwe angaphandle kuya kwi-Stars naseStripes senzeke ngo-14 Febhuwari 1778, lapho umkhumbi we-Continental Navy Ranger, uCaptain John Paul Jones, udubula izibhamu ezingu-13 futhi wathola 9 ngokubuya ezikhungweni zaseFrance eziseQuiberon Bay, eFrance .
I-salute engu-21 ibingumhlonipho ophakeme isizwe esinikezwe. Amasiko aphikisayo phakathi kwamandla olwandle aholela ekudidekeni ekuthululeni nasekubuyeleni kwama-salutes. IBrithani elikhulu, amandla amakhulu olwandle emhlabeni wonke ekhulwini lama-18 nele-19, yaphoqa izizwe ezibuthakathaka ukuthi zithobele kuqala, futhi okwesikhashana ama-monarchies athola izibhamu ezingaphezu kwalase-republic. Ekugcineni, ngesivumelwane, ukuthululwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwasungulwa ngezibhamu ezingu-21, yize i-United States ingavumelani ngale nqubo kuze kube ngu-Agasti 1875.
I-Gun Salute System Changes
Uhlelo lwe-salute lwesibhamu lwe-United States selushintshile kakhulu eminyakeni.
Ngo-1810, i-"salute kazwelonke" ichazwe nguMnyango Wezempi njengalingana nenani lamazwe aseNyunyana - ngaleso sikhathi. Le salute yaxoshwa yizo zonke izikhungo zase-US ngo-1: 00 ntambama (kamuva emini) ngosuku lwe-Independence. UMengameli wathola isalute esilingana nenani lalawo mazwe lapho evakashela ukufakwa kwezempi.
Imithetho ye-US Navy ye-1818 yilabo abaqala ukubeka indlela ethile yokunikeza izibhamu zesibhamu (nakuba izibhamu zesibhamu zisetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuba imiyalo ibhalwe phansi). Lezo zimiso zazidinga ukuthi "Uma uMongameli ezovakashela umkhumbi weNavy United States, kufanele adunyiswe ngezibhamu ezingu-21." Kungase kuphawulwe ukuthi 21 kwakungunombolo yezifunda eNyunyana ngaleso sikhathi. Kwaphela isikhathi esilandelayo, kwaba yinkambiso yokunikeza isitifiketi sesibhamu esisodwa ku-Union ngayinye, nakuba ngokujwayelekile kwakukhona ukushintshashintsha okukhulu kwenani lezibhamu ezisetshenziselwa ukubingelela. '
Lapho ama-Gun Salutes ejwayele ukusetshenziswa
Ngaphandle kwama-salutes anikezwe uMongameli kanye namakhanda ombuso, kwakungumkhuba eNavy Navy we-US ukunikeza "isalathisi kazwelonke" ngoFebhuwari 22 (Ukuzalwa kukaWashington) noJulayi 4 (isikhumbuzo seSimemezelo Sokuzimela).
Isibhamu esingamashumi amabili nanye sokwazisa uMongameli kanye nezinhloko zombuso, Usuku lokuzalwa lukaWashington, kanye neKhombisa kaJulayi saba yisimiso e-United States Navy ngokukhishwa kwemithethonqubo emisha ngo-24 Meyi 1842. Lezi ziqondiso zaveza okushiwo:
- "Uma uMengameli we-United States ezovakashela umkhumbi wemikhumbi, uzokwamukelwa ngalezi zihlonipho ezilandelayo: Amagceke azobanjwa, wonke amapholisa azobe esesigqokeni ephelele, umlindi ogcwele uyobe ekhona futhi ekhona izingalo, umculo uzodlala, futhi isibhamu samasosha angamashumi amabili nanye sizokhishwa. Uzokwamukela ukuhlonipha okufanayo lapho ephuma emkhunjini. "
"Ngemuva kokugubha iSikhumbuzo Sokuzimela Kwe-United States, imibala izobe isetshenziswe ekuphumeni kwelanga, futhi zonke izitsha ze-navy zizogqoka, uma zihamba, zize ziqhubeke kuze kube yilapho imibala ihanjiswa phansi ekushoneni kwelanga, uma isimo sesimo sezulu nezinye izimo zizokuvumela. Lapho ilanga liphuma, elingu-meridian, futhi ekushoneni kwelanga, isibhamu samasosha angamashumi amabili nanye sizokhishwa kuyo yonke imishini ekhomishini efaka izibhamu eziyisithupha phezulu. "
"Ngosuku lwamashumi amabili nantambama kaFebhuwari, isikhumbuzo sokuzalwa kukaWashington, isibhamu samasosha angamashumi amabili nanye sizoxoshwa meridian kuzo zonke izikebhe ze-navy ekhomishini ezifaka izibhamu eziyisithupha phezulu."
Namuhla, isibhamu sikazwelonke sezingu-21 sigxiliwe ekuhlonipheni ifulege kazwelonke, umbusi noma inhloko yombuso wesinye isizwe, ilungu lomndeni wasebukhosini olawulayo, noMongameli, owayengumongameli, kanye noMongameli-okhethiwe I-united states. Iphinde isusiwe emini yosuku lomngcwabo kaMongameli, owayengumongameli, noma uMongameli-okhethiwe, ngosuku lokuzalwa lukaWashington, Usuku LukaMongameli, noLwesine lwenyanga kaJulayi. Ngosuku lweSikhumbuzo, ukukhishwa kwesibhamu ngamaminithi angu-21 kukhishwe emini ngenkathi ifulegi ligeleza ngasemaphethelweni . Izibhamu ezingamashumi ayisihlanu nazo zixoshwa kuzo zonke izifakazo zempi ezihlomele ukwenza njalo ekupheleni komngcwabo kaMongameli, owayengumongameli, noma uMengameli okhethiwe.
Ukuthungatha izibhamu kubuye kwenziwe kwabanye abaholi bezempi nabahlali balaba kanye nezinye izizwe. Inombolo yezibhamu isekelwe isikhundla sabo seprotocol. Lezi zinsuku zihlale zizinombolo ezingavamile. Isibonelo, i-Vice-President we-United States, uNobhala Wezokuvikela, kanye Nobhala be- Army , Air Force , ne- Navy yonke izibhamu ezingu-19. Abaphathi abaphezulu kakhulu emisebenzini (uMlawuli we-Marine Corps, uMphathi wezokuPhepha, kanye ne-Army kanye ne-Air Force Chief of Staffs) wonke amazinga angu-17. Ezinye izikhulu ezinezinkanyezi ezine nezinkanyezi zilinganisa izibhamu ezingu-17. Izinkanyezi ezintathu zilinganiselwa ku-15, izinkanyezi ezimbili ezilinganiselwa ku-13, nezinkanyezi ezilinganiselwa ku-11.
Ama-Gun Salutes eMingcwabeni Yampi
Emingcwabeni yempi, ngokuvamile uvame ukumbona izibhamu ezintathu zokudutshulwa kwadutshulwa ngenhlonipho yohlu lombuso oshonile. Lokhu kuvamise ukuphazamiseka ngabahlali abanjenge-21 salute gun, nakuba ihluke ngokuphelele (empini, "isibhamu" yisikhali esikhulu. Izimpondo ezintathu zixoshwa "ezibhamu," hhayi "izibhamu." Ngakho-ke, le mibhoshongo emithathu ayilona uhlobo "lwesibhamu saliti," nhlobo).
Noma ngubani onelungelo lomngcwabo wempi (ngokuvamile noma ubani oshona emsebenzini osebenzayo , olwaqashiwe ngokukhululekile, kanye nomhlalaphansi wezempi) kulemibhobho emithathu yokudubula, ngokuhambisana nokutholakala kwamathimba okuqapha. Njengoba ngishilo, lokhu akusilo i-salute engu-21, nanoma yiluphi uhlobo "lwesibhamu saliti." Zimane nje izivunguvungu ezintathu ezidubula. Ithimba lokudubula lingenza noma iyiphi inombolo, kodwa ngokuvamile ngokuvamile ibona iqembu lesishiyagalombili, ngesikhulu esingenziwanga umsebenzi ophethe imininingwane yokudubula. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi leli qembu linamalungu amathathu noma ayisishiyagalombili, noma ayishumi, ilungu ngalinye livutha kathathu (izivolumu ezintathu).
Lezi zivolumu ezintathu zivela esimweni esidala sempi. Lezi zinhlangothi ezimbili eziphikisayo zizoqeda izinyathelo zokusula abafile empini, kanti ukudubula kwemibhobho emithathu kwakusho ukuthi abafile babenakekelwa kahle futhi uhlangothi lwalulungele ukuqhubeka nokulwa.
Imininingwane yeflegi ngokuvamile ihlwitha i-shell shell casings embuzweni ohlanjwe ngaphambi kokuletha ifulegi emndenini. I-casing ngayinye imelela i-volley eyodwa.
Okuningi mayelana nemikhuba yamakhosi kanye nomlando
- I-Marine Corps Customs and Traditions
- Iyini Imali Yezinselelo ZaseMpi?
- Umlando wezingcingo eziseMpi
- Umlando we-Military Beret wase-US
- Isigaba samasosha kanye neshadi lezinsizakalo
- Imvelaphi ye "Hooah"
Ulwazi oluningi olungenhla luhlanganiswe kusukela ku-Naval Historical Society kanye ne-Army Center yeMlando Yezempi.