Emisebenzini yezempi yase-US, isikhundla sikhombisa ukuthi ngubani ozoxoxa naye ukuthi yini okumelwe akwenze. Isikhundla esiphakeme, igunya elikhulu (nomthwalo) abanalo. Abasebenzi bezempi base-US bawela kwesinye sezigaba ezintathu: (1) amalungu abhalisiwe, (2) izikhulu zemvume, kanye (3) nezikhulu ezithunyelwe . Amaphoyisa aseWarrant aphuma ngaphandle kwamalungu onke, futhi athumele izikhulu ngaphandle kwezikhulu zamagunya futhi zafaka amalungu.
"Ukwahlukanisa" futhi "ukukhokhela ibanga" kunezindlela ezihlobene eduze, kodwa akufani neze. "Khokha ibanga" kuyisigaba sokuphatha, ehambisana nomholo welungu. "Isikhundla" siyisihloko futhi sisho izinga lelungu nelungelo lomlungu. I-E-1 yizinga eliphansi kunazo zonke lokukhokha. "Isikhundla" salowo muntu "Siyimfihlo" ku-Army and Marine Corps, "i-Airman Basic" e-Air Force, kanye ne-"Seaman Recruit" kuNavy and Coast Guard . Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi ku-Navy nase-Coast Guard, igama elithi "isikhundla" alisetshenziswanga phakathi kwabasolwandle abathintekayo. Igama elifanele "lizinga".
Kuze kube yiminyaka, ibheji lamanqamu lifake lezi zimpawu njengezimpaphe, amasondo, imivimbo nemifino yokubonisa. Ngisho nokuphatha izikhali ezahlukene kubonise isikhundla. Amabheji wesigaba agqoke izigqoko, amahlombe, futhi azungeze okhalweni nesifuba.
Impi Yokuguquka
Ibutho lempi laseMelika lathintsha iningi lezinhlamvu zalo ezivela eBrithani.
Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezivunguvungu, abaseMelika bavotela izingubo zempi ezisekelwe emthweni waseBrithani. Abasolwandle balandela isibonelo sezindiza eziphumelela kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi - iRoyal Navy.
Ngakho-ke, iMpi Yase-Continental yayinezimfihlo, ama-sergeants, ama-lieutenants, izinduna, amakholoni, izikhulu, kanye neziningana eziningana-manje ezingapheli njenge-coronet, subaltern, kanye nesibonakaliso.
Into eyodwa uMbutho awunayo yayiyimali eyanele yokuthenga ifomu.
Ukuxazulula lokhu, uGeorge George Washington wabhala,
"Njengoba i-Continental Army ikhona, ngeshwa, ayikho ifomifomu, futhi ngenxa yalokho kuvele ukuphazamiseka okuningi ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuhlukanisa izikhulu ezithunyelwe ezivela emasimini, kufisa ukuba kube khona ibheji elithile lokuhlukanisa ngokushesha; babe ne-cockades enombala obomvu noma obomvu ezithombeni zabo, izinduna zephuzi noma iziphuzi, kanye nama-subalterns aluhlaza. "
Ngisho nangesikhathi sempi, insimba ye-insignia iguqukile. Ngo-1780, imithethonqubo yabeka izinkanyezi ezimbili kubaphathi abakhulu kanye nenye inkanyezi yabagrigadiers egqoke amabhodi ehlombe, noma ama-epaulets.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezigaba eziningi zesiNgisi kwenziwa ngisho nangemva kokuba i-United States ithathe impi. I-Army ne-Marine Corps yayisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa, ikakhulukazi ngemva kuka-1840. I-Navy yathatha umzila ohlukile.
Ukuguqula isakhiwo sesigaba
Isakhiwo nesimo sezinyawo saqhubeka nokuguquka. Amakhomithana angama-2 athatha indawo ye-Army's coronets, izigqoko, nezigqoko, kepha babengenazo izimpawu ezihlukile kuze kube yilapho iCongress ibapha "ibhotela" ngo-1917. Amakholoni athola ukhozi ngo-1832. Kusuka ngo-1836, ama-majors kanye namakholoni amakholomu ayevezwa yi-oki; izinduna ngemigoqo yesiliva kabili, noma "amathrekhi omgwaqo"; kanye nama-lieutenants wokuqala, imigoqo yesiliva eyodwa.
E-Navy, uCaptain wayeyizinga eliphezulu kunazo zonke kuze kube yilapho iCongress idala izikhulu zefulegi ngo-1857 - ngaphambi kwalokho, ukubiza othile ummemezeli e-republic kwakubhekwa njengenkosikazi yase-United States. Kuze kube ngu-1857, i-Navy yayinezigaba ezintathu zekhoyisa elilingana ne-brigadier General Army, uColonel kanye noLieutenant Colonel. Ukwengeza ekudidekeni, bonke abaphathi bemikhumbi ye-Navy kuthiwa "induna," kungakhathaliseki isikhundla.
Impi yezikhali
Lapho kuqala iMpi Yombango, izindunankulu eziphakeme kakhulu zamabandla zaba yi-commodores nezimboni zangemuva futhi zazigqoka izinkanyezi eyodwa nezinkanyezi ezimbili, ngokulandelana. Abaphansi kakhulu baba abaholi abaneziqabunga zama-oak, kuyilapho abaphathi bephakathi babelokhu belingana namakholoni e-Army futhi bagqoke ama-eagles.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Navy yathatha isimiso somugqa wamaslee owaba yinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi lapho uDavid Glasgow Farragut eba yinto yokuqala egcwele inkonzo enyakeni ka-1866, imivimbo emikhondweni yakhe yayisuka ekukhunjini.
Imivimbo emincane yemikhono esetshenzisiwe namuhla yasungulwa ngo-1869.
Amakhanda
I-chevronyi imivimbo efana ne-V, esebenziseka empini emuva okungenani ngekhulu le-12. Kwakuyibheji lenhlonipho futhi lisetshenziselwa uhulumeni. AmaBrithani nesiFulentshi basebenzisa ama-chevrons - avela egameni lesiFulentshi elisho "uphahla" - ukukhombisa ubude benkonzo.
I-Chevron yaveza ngokusemthethweni isikhundla sezempi yase-US okokuqala ngo-1817, lapho ama-cadet e-US Military Academy eWest Point, NY, ebagqoka emikhondweni yabo. Kusuka eWest Point, ama-chevrons asakazekela ku-Army and Marine Corps. Umehluko ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona ama-chevrons agqoke amaphuzu kuze kufike ngo-1902 lapho i-Army ne-Marine Corps ibhalisa abasebenzi bezishintsha kuze kube manje.
Izikhulu ezincane ze- Navy ne-Coast Guard zilandelela amagugu abo eziseBritish. Amaphoyisa amancane ayengumsizi kulabo abasebenza emkhunjini. Lesi sihloko sasingesibopho esihlala njalo futhi amadoda ayesebenza ekuthokozeleni komphathi. Izikhulu ezincane zalahlekelwa isikhundla lapho abasebenzi bekhokhwa ekupheleni kohambo.
Izinga elisha, i-New Insignias
Ngo-1841, izikhulu ezincane ze-Navy zathola izikhundla zabo zokuqala-ukhozi olubekwe phezu kwehange. Ukulinganisa - amakhono emisebenzi - ahlanganiswe emasimini ngo-1866. Ngo-1885, iNavy yamisa amakilasi amathathu ama-petty officer - okokuqala, okwesibini nowesithathu. Banezela ama-chevrons ukuqoka amasha amasha. Isikhundla se-small officer officer sasungulwa ngo-1894.
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, i-Army yathatha amamaki ochwepheshe. Ochwepheshe bebanga elinikeziwe bathola inkokhelo efanayo futhi bagqoka izinhlamvu ezifanayo njengezikhulu ezingalingani ezingekho ngaphansi komsebenzi ngaphandle kwe-"T" encane ephakathi kwamakhredithi. Ochwepheshe, naphezu kwemivimbo, babengenalo igunya lokulawula phezu kwamabutho. Lokhu kwavela ezinkampanini ezikhethekile, ukukhokhela amanani E-4 kuya ku-E-7. Isigqoko sokugcina namuhla sisinda ngokusobala ngokuthi "ochwepheshe," ukhokhela ibanga E-4. Ngesikhathi bekhona abantu abanjengabachwepheshe 7, bembethe uphawu lwe-ukhozi lwamanje olwezintambo ezintathu zegolide ezigobile - ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi "izambulela zezinyoni."
Ngenkathi i-Air Force yaba isevisi ehlukile ngo-1947, yagcina i-insignia namagama amagama e-Army kodwa yazamukela izinhlu ezihlukene ezibhalisiwe.
Izikhulu zikaWarrant zahamba ngezikhathi ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba izinsizakalo zifinyelele ekucubungulweni kwamanje. I-Navy yayinezimvume zokuthi amaphoyisa avele ekuqaleni - babeyizazi ezazibonela ukunakekelwa nokusebenza komkhumbi. I-Army neMarines ayinalo imvume kuze kube sekhulwini lama-20. I-insignia ye-warrants ishintshwe ngokuqhubekayo ngokufaka isikhulu se-warrant esiphezulu 5. I-Air Force yeka ukumisa izikhulu zamaphepha-mvume eminyakeni yama-1950 futhi ayikho emsebenzini osebenzayo namuhla.
Ezinye I-Rank Tidbits
- Izigameko zaqala ngeMpi kodwa zaphela ngeNavy. Isikhundla se-Army isignesha sasihambe isikhathi eside ngesikhathi isibalo se-Navy umtimba wasungulwa ngo-1862. Izimpawu zathola imigoqo yegolide ngo-1922, eminyakeni emihlanu emva kwezilwane ezilinganayo zezilwane ezitholakele zazo.
- "Lieutenant" livela endaweni yesiFulentshi " indawo " okusho ukuthi "indawo" kanye " nomqashi " okusho "ukubamba." Eqinisweni, abakhohlisi bangabanikazi bendawo. AmaBrithani ekuqaleni akonakalisa ukubizwa kwesiFulentshi, ebiza igama elithi "indawo yokuqashwa ," kuyilapho amaMelika (mhlawumbe ngenxa yethonya lokuhlala eFrance) agcina amagama okuqala.
- Ngesikhathi abaholi bezintatheli ezivela ngaphandle, amaloli angama-generals angaphandle kwamagatsha amakhulu . Lokhu kuvela emthonjeni waseBrithani: Abaphathi baqokelwe imikhankaso futhi bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi "abaphathi besikhulu." Abasizi babo babemvelo, "ngokwemvelo". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhulu esiphezulu sezokuphatha sasiyi-"sergeant general". Ngandlela-thile endleleni, "i-sergeant" yehlile.
- Igolide libiza ngaphezu kwesiliva, kodwa isiliva liphuma ngaphandle kwegolide. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Army yanquma ngo-1832 ukuthi amakholoni angama-infantry ayezogqoka izintshe zegolide e-epaulet yesiliva futhi zonke ezinye izinqolonti zizogqoka izinqezi zesiliva ngegolide. Ngesikhathi ama-majors nama-colonelels e-lieutenant bethola amaqabunga, lesi siko asikwazanga ukuqhubeka. Ngakho amaqabunga esiliva amele amakholoni kanye negolide, ama-majors. Icala lezintatheli lihlukile: Abaqamba amanga bokuqala babegqoke imigoqo yesiliva iminyaka engama-80 ngaphambi kokuba abesilisa ababili bebephethe izinsimbi.
- UColonel ubizwa ngokuthi " kernal " ngoba iBritish yamukela isipelingi sesiFulentshi "colonel" kodwa isiSpanishi isichaza ngokuthi " coronel " futhi yonakalisa ukubiza.
- Ngenkathi i-insignia yezinga elibalulekile ibalulekile, ngezinye izikhathi akulula ukuwagqoka. Ngenkathi umfutho wezingqungquthela ezibonakalayo ubonakala eNkundleni Yomphakathi, abakwa-sharpshooters babheka izikhulu. Ngokushesha abaphathi bafunda ukukhipha isithunzi sabo njengoba beza empini.
- I-Air Force empeleni yavota emidlalweni yabo. Ngo-1948, i-Air Force Vice Chief of Staff uGen Hoyt Vandenberg wahlaziya ama-NCO eBolling Air Force Base eWashington kanti amaphesenti angu-55 akhetha ukuklama okuyisisekelo esasetshenziswa namuhla.
Ngenkathi i-Air Force yaba isevisi ehlukile ngo-1947, yagcina i-insignia namagama amagama e-Army kodwa yazamukela izinhlu ezihlukene ezibhalisiwe.