Ukuphathwa Kwemithombo Yezinsiza, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Cockpit Resource Management, noma i-CRM, umqondo wokulawulwa kwama-cockpit okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa komshayeli ngokugcwele kuzo zonke izinsiza ezitholakalayo, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-cockpit.
Umlando
Ukulawulwa kwemithombo yabasebenzi kuvele ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 ukuphendula ucwaningo lwephenyo yophenyo lwe-NASA. Ucwaningo lwe-NASA lwalwenzile ngaleso sikhathi lugxile engxenyeni yephutha lomuntu elihilelekile ezingozini zezindiza ezinamaqembu amaningi.
Abacwaningi be-NASA bathola ukuthi ukwehluleka kwamakhono okukhulumisana phakathi kwabantu, ukukhetha izinqumo kanye nobuholi emgodini wokugqekeza kwakuyizimbangela ezinkulu zezingozi ezehlukene, ngakho bahlanganisa uhlelo lokukhuthaza ukusebenzisana nokuphathwa kwemithombo.
Ngawo-1970, ukugxila okubanzi kwe-CRM kwakubuhlobo bomshayeli / ukukopisha. Kubonakala sengathi kunezinduna zezindiza ezazingacabangi kakhulu ngabasebenza nabo. Kwakukhona nezikhulu eziningi zokuqala ezingazange zizwe sengathi zingasukuma kumphathi wazo uma zingavumelani nezenzo zakhe. Amaphentela abekwe ezinkundleni zokuhamba ngezinyawo kanye nabaqhubi abashaya phansi babengazihloniphi ukubabuza. Lokhu kwakha umoya wendawo yokusebenza okwakungeyona eyisizathu sokusebenzisana futhi kwaholela ezingozini eziningi. Inhloso ye-CRM ngalesi sikhathi kwakuwukuthola indawo yokuhlonipha okulinganayo, ukusebenzisana nokubambisana ukuze kufezeke ngokuphepha umsebenzi wezindiza.
Kamuva amamodeli e-CRM alandela izimfundiso ezifanayo kodwa futhi afaka amakhono angcono okwenza izinqumo jikelele. Ukuphathwa kwephutha kwaba ukugxila kwamamojula wokuqeqesha e-CRM. Izibalo zokuphepha zibeka ukuthi abantu bangumthombo omkhulu wephutha; Ngakho-ke, abaqhubi bezindiza kumele bafunde ukuqaphela amaphutha amakhono kanye namaphutha okulawula uma kwenzeka.
Iningi lwakamuva, i-CRM iguqukile ekufundiseni amasu okulawulwa kwezinhlekelele, ngokugxila ekuphathweni komthwalo wokusebenza, ukuqaphela isimo sengqondo esiyingozi noma amaphethini, ukugcinwa kokuqwashisa kwezemvelo nokukhulumisana ngokuphumelelayo ukuze kusebenze ngokuphumelelayo nangokuphepha kuzo zonke izici zezindiza.
Namuhla, i-CRM iyingxenye ebalulekile kunoma yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa komnyango wezindiza kanye nolwazi olubalulekile emisebenzini yomshayeli wezindiza . Bonke abashayeli bezindiza abaqeqeshiwe baqeqeshwa ku-CRM, futhi ukugxila kugxile kwimibono ethile efana nokwenza izinqumo ze-aeronautical, management management, ubuholi, nokuphathwa kwephutha.
CRM Concepts
- Ukwenza izinqumo: Bonke abashayeli bamaphoyisa bahilelekile ekuthathweni kwezinqumo phakathi nezindiza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi benza isinqumo esifanele noma cha kuncike ekutheni bangakanani ulwazi abanalo kuwo. I-CRM ifundisa abashayeli bezindiza ukuba bafune zonke izinsiza ezitholakalayo lapho benza isinqumo, futhi bangenzi yedwa. Abashayeli bezindiza bangasebenzisa usizo lwabanye amalungu, abasebenzi bezindiza, i-ATC, imibiko yezulu, kanye nalezi zinsuku, bangakwazi ngisho nokubiza umnyango wabo wokulondoloza ucingo noma umsakazo.
I-CRM ifundisa abashayeli bezindiza ukuba benze ngokuzithoba nangokufanelekile esikhundleni sokungesabi noma ukucindezela lapho izinqumo kudingeka zenziwe. Abashayeli bezindiza kufanele baqaphele ukucabanga kwabo okungabungozi okungabaphazamisa ukwenza izinqumo ezinhle nokuphatha ingozi ngokufanele.
Ukulawulwa Kwengozi: Abaqhubi bezindiza manje bafundiswa ukuthi indlela kuphela yokuvimbela izingozi ezihlobene nokushayela ukuphatha kahle. Lokhu kuhilela ukwazi izingozi, ukuqala. Abashayeli bezindiza baphatha ingozi ngokwazi ukuthi banezinkinga zabo ezifana nokukhathala , ukugula noma ukucindezeleka, ukuze basebenze nabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezingozi zemvelo, njengezulu noma izinqubomgomo zokusebenza. Kukhona izingozi zokusebenza ezisekelwe ekutheni indiza ikhululekile kangakanani, uma umgwaqo ugobile, njll. Abaqhubi bezindiza abakwazi ukulawula lezi zingozi, kodwa bangakwazi ukuphatha umphumela ngokwazi ukulinganiselwa kwabo, ukulinganiselwa kwezindiza, ukulinganiselwa kwenkampani, njll.
- Ubuholi: Umholi omuhle kunzima ukuthola, kepha i-CRM ingakwazi ukufundisa abashayeli bezindiza ukuba bahloniphe imikhuba emihle yobuholi, engayisebenzisa noma ayigweme ngokulandelanayo.
I-CRM yama-Single Pilots (SRM)
Akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuba abadlali bezezimboni baqaphele ukuthi kukhona, inzuzo, ukuqeqeshwa kwe-CRM kumvelo wabasebenzi. Into ecacile elandelayo yokwenza kwakuwukusebenzisa imiqondo efanayo kwenye indawo. Izimiso eziningi ezinikezwe ku-CRM nazo zizosebenza ngokusebenza komshayeli oyedwa. Ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamabhanoyi yedwa (SRM) manje uye wangena embonini ekhanyayo yendiza futhi iyithuluzi lokuqeqesha eliyigugu lokusebenza kwe-single-pilot IFR, ikakhulukazi.
Kunezinzuzo nezinkinga kumsebenzi wokushayela oyedwa. Okokuqala, njengendawo yokuhlala yedwa, umshayeli oyedwa ongenamuntu ongaphikisana naye. Kanti futhi abanalo muntu wokubamba imibono futhi akukho muntu ongasiza kusimo esiphuthumayo. Abashayeli bezindiza abangashadile kumele babheke kwenye indawo ngezinsiza, futhi kudingeka bazi ukuthi bangayenza kanjani ngokuphumelelayo futhi bangalokothi balahlekelwe ukuqwashisa okungokwemvelo, ikakhulukazi ngokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe obuningi kakhulu muva nje. Lezi zinsimbi zamanje zezindiza ezindizeni ezithuthukisiwe kwezobuchwepheshe (TAA) zingasiza kakhulu kubagibeli abangashadile ezimweni ze-IFR, kodwa kuphela uma befunda ukusebenzisa imishini.