"Ukuhamba kwezindiza ngokwakho akuyona into eyingozi kodwa kodwa ngokwezinga eliphakeme kunolwandle, akusilo ukuthethelela kunoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka, ukukhubazeka noma ukunganakwa."
- I-Capt AG Lamplugh, i-British Aviation Insurance Group
Ngokusho kwe-Air Transport Association, umuntu angahamba nsuku zonke iminyaka engu-3 859 ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka engozini yendiza. Lokhu kuyingozi yengozi eyodwa kuzo zonke izindiza eziyizigidi ezingu-1.4, ngokusho kombiko we-CNN (ngokusekelwe kwedatha ka-2009).
Ukuhamba emoyeni namuhla kuhlala kuphephile, ngenxa yezingxenye zokuphenywa kengozi. Ukuthola okuvela kumphenyi wengozi kuvula indlela yokuthuthukiswa okubalulekile ku-aircraft, njengezinguquko zamuva kumsebenzi wokushayela kanye nezidingo zokuphumula ezibhekana nenkinga yokukhathala yendiza eyayiyingxenye yemibiko eminingi yengozi. Lezi zinguquko zivimbela izingozi futhi zisindisa izimpilo.
Inqubo yophenyo yengozi ilula kalula ephepheni kodwa ingaba nzima ngezinto ezingabonakali njengezombusazwe, isenzo somthetho, kanye nokungafani kwamanye amazwe, kanye nezidingo zomzimba ezifana nomhlaba onzima noma umonakalo ngemuva kwengozi esesimo sezulu. Kunamaqembu amaningi kanye nezici ezibandakanyeka ekuphenyweni kwengozi yezindiza, njengoba kuchaziwe ngezansi.
Ubani Ohilelekile KuPhenyo?
- IIC: Yonke ingozi yendiza izoba noMphenyi-In-Charge noma i-IIC. Lena inkampani noma inkampani ephethe lonke uphenyo.
- I-NTSB: E-United States, i-National Transportation Safety Board iyona igunya lokuphenya ngengozi yezindiza, ngaphandle kwalezi zingozi zikahulumeni nezempi. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yabo yasekhaya, izikhulu ze-NTSB zivame ukubizwa ukuba zisize ezingozini zangaphandle ngokusezingeni eliphezulu labo nolwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-NTSB ingakhetha ukuphenya isigameko noma ingozi engayiyophenya ngokujwayelekile ukuze igcwalise izifundo zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezindiza.
- I-ICAO: I-International Civil Aviation Organisation ayinayo igunya phezu kwebhodi lokuphenywa kwezwe, kodwa liveza amazinga nezinhlelo okufanele zilandelwe izingozi ezimelela amazwe amabili noma ngaphezulu.
- I-FAA: Nakuba abanye bengase bacabange ukuthi i-FAA kufanele iphenye izingozi zezindiza, sinenhlanhla ukuthi ayikho! Benza ingxenye, ikakhulu ukuthola ukuthi imiphi imithethonqubo ephukile futhi ngokujwayelekile, ukuqaphela izinkinga zokuphepha nezenzo zomthetho okungadingeka.
- AbaPhenyi baseMaphandleni / Umlilo / abaPhezulu: Uma kwenzeka ingozi esikhumulweni sezindiza, uhlelo oluphuthumayo lwezindiza luzoqala ukusebenza. Ngezizathu ezicacile, umlilo womphakathi, amaphoyisa noma abasebenzi bezokwelapha bangase babe ofakazi ezenzakalweni nje ngemuva kwengozi futhi kubalulekile ekuphenyweni.
- I-FBI: I-FBI ibandakanyeka lapho izingozi zibandakanya ukuphulwa kwezokuphepha kwezwe noma umcimbi wobandlululo.
Ezinye: Izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene kanye nezikhulu zingabandakanyeka enkambweni yokuphenya ngezindlela ezithile, okufaka isandla ekuphenyweni, njengofakazi noma njengabezindaba zezindaba, ukuhlanganisa kokungena. Lezi ezinye amaqembu angafaka phakathi abakhiqizi bezindiza, opharetha bezindiza, izinkampani zomshuwalense, i-EPA ngayinye, abezindaba noma abaphenyi abazimele nababonisi.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kwezehlakalo:
Njengoba i-NTSB ingeke ikwazi ukuphenya ngengozi ngayinye eyenzeka ngemininingwane eqondile, kufanele ichithe isikhathi sayo lapho ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izingozi zezindiza zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine ezivela 'uphenyo olukhulu' 'ekuphenyweni okulinganiselwe'.
Uphenyo oluyinhloko luzoqhutshwa uma kwenzeka luhilela inqwaba yezindiza, abantu abalulekile, noma ubuphekula. Ithimba lonke labantu kanye nezinsiza kuzonikezwa ekuphenyweni okukhulu.
Uphenyo olulinganiselwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lubandakanya izingozi ezindiza ezindiza ezindiza lapho i-NTSB ibukeza khona umbiko othunyelwe opharetha. Ngokombiko we-Air Safety Investigator Grant Brophy, "izingozi ezincishisiwe ziphenywa ngocingo ngamaqembu ahlukene, ngokusekelwe kolwazi olubikwe kwifomu ye-NTSB 6120.1."
Ku-Scene
Uma ingozi inkulu ngokwanele noma ibalulekile ngokwanele, i-IIC izoqala "Ithimba le-Go," eliyiqembu labantu elinqunyelwe ukubhekana nengozi yobukhulu, njengengozi yenethiwekhi yomoya. Ithimba elithi "Go-Team" ngokuvamile lihlanganisa i-IIC, ilungu lebhodi le-NTSB, kanye nochwepheshe abahlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwengozi. Uma ngokwesibonelo kunolwazi lokuqala olwenziwe yi injini, umkhiqizi wezindiza kanye nabanjiniyela bazobamba iqhaza.
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba bafike endaweni yesehlakalo i-IIC izosebenza ukusekela isisekelo sokusebenza lapho wonke amalungu angalungiswa khona futhi anikezwe imisebenzi ethile.
Amaphoyisa asendaweni, umlilo, kanye nokuhlengwa kuzohlanganiswa, njengoba kuzokuphepha kwendawo yengozi kanye nezinhlelo zemidiya ezihlelwe, uma kudingeka.
Okokuqala futhi okuyinhloko, izisulu kanye nofakazi bazobonakala futhi banikwe usizo.
I-wreckage ihlolisiswa, ilandwe, ilandwe ngevidiyo futhi igcinwe. Kwezinye izimo, ithunyelwa khona ukuze ihlolwe ngokuqhubekayo ebhodini.
Phakathi nenkathi yophenyo, izinyathelo zithathwa ukuze zivikeleke i-wreckage ngendlela yezinto eziyingozi nezinye izingozi kubasebenzi abaphenya. Khona-ke abaphenyi bazosebenza ngamunye kwizabelo zabo ezizayo, kuye ngezidingo ngabanye.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-wreckage kwenziwa ukunquma umthelela wokufika, i-velocity, kanye ne-angle. Isimo se-propellers, izinsimbi zendiza, ngisho nezihlalo zabagibeli zingatshela abaphenyi okuningi ngalokho okungenzeka kwenzeke.
Ukuthola kanye nemibiko
Uma uphenyo lwensimu seluqedile futhi iqembu ngalinye libuyela ehhovisi layo, imibiko ibhaliwe mayelana nokuthola. Iqembu ngalinye ekuphenyweni livamise ukutholakala kwalo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwengozi bese lithumela ku-NTSB. I-NTSB ibuyekeza umbiko ngamunye futhi igcwalise umbiko wayo wengozi ngamunye. Ekugcineni, (ngezinye izikhathi ngemva kweminyaka engozini), umbiko uzoqedwa. Amalungu omphakathi angasesha database ye-NTSB yemibiko yengozi ukuze athole imininingwane yezingozi ezithile.
Imibiko yengozi ye-NTSB isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezindiza. Imibiko iphelele futhi i-NTSB yenza konke okusemandleni ukufaka indaba yonke embonweni ongakhethi. I-NTSB nayo yenza izincomo zokuphepha embikweni ngamunye kuya kumaqembu ahlukene, njenge-FAA, abakhiqizi bezindiza, izindiza kanye nabalawuli bezindiza. Lezi zincomo zivame ukuvuselela izinyathelo ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-FAA, ukuvimbela izingozi zesikhathi esizayo futhi ekugcineni, ukusindisa izimpilo.
Imithombo:
- NTSB.com
- UkuPhenywa Kwengozi Yendiza , Edition 2 (2006), nguRichard H. Wood noRobert W. Sweginnis