Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-O & O ye-Broadcasting isebenza kanjani kuma-Media
I-O & O: Iziteshi ezishicilelwe futhi ezisebenzayo
Amakhulu amanethiwekhi amanethiwekhi wezokuhweba we-tv - ABC, CBS, Fox, ne-NBC - ukuhambisa izinhlelo zabo ngamakhulu eziteshini ezweni lonke, kodwa abanikazi babo abambalwa kuphela.
Ezimakethe ezinkulu zezindaba ezifana neNew York, Los Angeles, neChicago, amanethiwekhi aneziteshi zabo zendawo. Ku-ABC, lokho kwenza i-WABC eNew York, i-KABC eLos Angeles naseWLS e-Chicago "I-O & O" iziteshi, ngoba inethiwekhi iba neyayisebenzisayo.
Ngaphandle kwezimakethe eziphezulu ezingu-25, iningi leziteshi zendawo akuzona ezinamanethiwekhi, kodwa ngezinkampani ezihlukahlukene zabezindaba. Lezo ziteshi zibizwa ngokuthi izixhumanisi zenethiwekhi ngoba zibophezele kunethiwekhi ngenkontileka.
Izinkampani ezinkulu zezokuxhumana ezifana neGannett, Belo, Cox, neziteshi ze-Hearst siqu ezithintekayo zenethiwekhi yokusakaza. Ngokuvamile, inkampani efanayo izoba neqoqo le-ABC, i-CBS, i-Fox ne-NBC ababambisene ngakho ukuze ikhulise inzuzo yayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inethiwekhi ingaba yinombolo eyodwa noma inomboro emine.
Ngezinye izikhathi, izinkampani zabezindaba zithatha ukushintsha isiteshini kwinethiwekhi ehlukile uma isivumelwano sayo sokubambisana siphela. Maphakathi nawo-1990, uFox waqinisekisa izinkampani eziningana ukuthi zihambise iziteshi zawo enkundleni yayo, ezasiza ukukhulisa izilinganiso zikazwelonke zeNielsen .
Yeka ukuthi ihluke kanjani kwabathintekayo
ENyakatho Melika, imboni yokusakaza ibhekisela kubasakazo bendawo abaphethwe yinkampani ngaphandle komnikazi wenethiwekhi, njengesixhumanisi senethiwekhi noma isiteshi esithintekayo. Ababambisene nabo bangathwala okunye noma konke ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo zethelevishini noma zomsakazo wenethiwekhi (i-O & O, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inikwe ngqo inethiwekhi yomzali.)
Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngokungakahleleki ngisho ne-O & Os ingabhekiselwa kuyo njengobambiswano ngoba kuvamile ukubhekisela kunoma yisiphi isiteshi esithatha uhlelo oluthile lwenethiwekhi njengengxenye yokuxhumana. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuphatha izinhlelo ezinjalo ezimakethe ezinikeziwe kubhekiselwa ngokuthi "ukuhlanganiswa".
Imithetho Nemigomo
I-Federal Communications Commission e-United States inqanda inani leziteshi ezinezinethiwekhi futhi yizinhlangano ezishiywe ukuba zithwale izinhlelo zenethiwekhi kwezinye izimakethe. U-O & Os uthambekele ekuthengiseni izimakethe ezinkulu (isibonelo, eNew York City naseLos Angeles) kodwa ngisho nezimakethe ezinkulu kunazo zonke zingaba nezinhlangano zenethiwekhi esikhundleni se-O & Os.
Amanye amazwe alandela imithetho kanye nemithethonqubo yabo yenhlangano uma kuziwa ku-O & Os. Isibonelo, iJapane ilandela imithetho efanayo e-US, lapho uMnyango Wezangaphakathi Nokuxhumana unquma inani leziteshi zethelevishini ezithengiswayo zenethiwekhi njengephesenti yokufinyeleleka kwemakethe ezweni lonke futhi yizona ezine ezimakethe ezinkulu kakhulu ezamaphephandaba (Kantō, Keihanshin , I-Chūkyō, ne-Fukuoka) bavame ukuba ne-O & Os. Kukhona ukuthembela okukhulu kwabathintekayo ukuba baphathe izinhlelo zabo kwezinye izifundazwe.
I-Canada, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inemithetho eminingi ehloniphekile ngokuphathelene nobunikazi bemithombo yezindaba, yingakho iziteshi zethelevishini eziningi (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisetshenziswe kanjani emakethe) manje i-O & Os yamanethiwekhi abo, nabambalwa abambalwa beqiniso abahlala emadolobheni amancane.