Amaqiniso avela kuMongameli uJohnson's Commission on Law Act
Ngo-1965, i-United States yabhekana nalokho okwakuboniswa njengenhlanganisela emangalisa ohlelweni lobulungiswa lobugebengu olungalungile, amaqhinga amandla anikezwe ngamandla futhi angaqondwanga kanye nobugebengu obukhulayo obhubhane. Ephendula, uMongameli uLyndon Johnson wabamba iKhomishana ekhethekile ngokuQinisekisa umthetho kanye nokuPhathwa kweBulungiswa ngoJulayi 23, 1965.
Ikhomishana yayihlanganisa amadoda nabesifazane abangu-19 abamiswe nguMongameli, abasebenzi abangu-63 besikhathi esigcwele kanye nababonisi abangu-175.
Eminyakeni emibili elandelayo, ikhomishana yaqala umsebenzi ophakeme futhi ohloniphekile wokuhlola zonke izici zohlelo lwezobulungiswa baseMelika futhi ngo-1967, wakhipha umbiko walo wokugcina. Umbiko we-ambitious, The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society , wakhipha izinjongo eziyisikhombisa nezincomo ezingaphezu kuka-200 eziqondile.
Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, imiphumela yabo isasebenza. Ngakho-ke kwakusho ukuthini? Ake sibheke izinhloso abazibonayo njengendlela yokubhekana nobugebengu nokugcina inkululeko.
Injongo yokuqala: Ukuvimbela ubugebengu
Amakhomishana akwenza kucace ukuthi ukhiye wokuqala wokubhekana nobugebengu ukusebenzela ukuvimbela kuqala. Babenqaba umqondo wokuthi ubugebengu buyiyona nkinga yamaphoyisa nezinkantolo futhi bagxila emphakathini oqakathekileko njengemidlalweni ephelele ngokungabi nobugebengu.
Bagcizelela ukubaluleka komndeni, isimiso sesikole, nokudala amathuba emisebenzi kanye nokweluleka ekuthuthukiseni amalungu omphakathi ahlelekile futhi anenzuzo.
Baphinde baqaphela ukuthi ingxenye ebalulekile ekuvinjelweni kobugebengu kwakuyiqiniso lokuthi uyabanjwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe kunomuzwa wokuthi kufanele babanjwe, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi benze ubugebengu. Ngalokho, batusa ukusetjenziswa kwemilayezo yokusizwa komshini nokulawulwa kwamakhomikhali namamodeli wokubikezela amapolisi ukwenzela abantu abanike amandla ngcono.
Inhloso yesibili: Izindlela Ezintsha Zokubhekana Nabaphuli
Ekuqapheliseni ukulimala okungase kube khona umuntu oboshiwe, amakhomishana ancoma ukuthi afune izindlela ezintsha zokubhekana nezinye izigebengu.
Bakhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezinhlelo zobulungiswa zentsha kanye nezikhulu , izinkantolo zamantombazane, nezinhlelo zokwelashwa ezazihlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwezingcweti zengqondo nezomthetho . Umgomo: khuthaza ukuvuselelwa nokunciphisa ukuphindaphindiwe.
Injongo yesithathu: Ukuqeda ukungabi nabulungisa
Amakhomishana aqaphele ukungabi nabulungiswa okukhona phakathi kokubambisana kobulungiswa phakathi kwamazwe, okwehlisa ukuthembela kwamaMelika emaphoyiseni nasesimweni sezobulungiswa bobugebengu. Benza izincomo zokusheshisa amacala, ukunciphisa amacala, futhi bathole ezinye izindlela zokuhleleka kwebheyili ezijezisa abampofu.
Babuye bavuma ubudlelwane obunzima phakathi kwamaphoyisa nemiphakathi abakhonza , ikakhulukazi emiphakathini yasemadolobheni nasempofu. Ukunciphisa lokhu, batusa izinhlelo zobudlelwane bomphakathi ukwakha ubudlelwano, ngcono ukuxhumana nokwandisa ukuthembana.
Injongo yesine: Ukwandisa abasebenzi
Amakhomishana aqaphela isidingo sabasebenzi abahlakaniphile, abafunde kahle kulo lonke uhlelo lobugebengu bobugebengu.
Bakhuthaza izinhlelo zokukhuthaza ukuqasha nokuthuthukisa amapolisi afundela kangcono ngokushiya ohlelweni olulodwa lokungena lapho noma ubani ohlangabezana okungenani neziqu ezincane zokuba yisiphathimandla aqashwe ngezinga elifanayo.
Esikhundleni salokho, batusa uhlelo lokuqasha olusekelwe kulabo abathintekayo lapho izikhulu zinikwa khona inkokhelo kanye namaholo ngokuhambisana nesipiliyoni nemfundo. Babuye bancoma ukuthi izimboni zakha amazinga namaphoyisa amakhomishana ukuze awalondoloze futhi aqiniseke ubuchwepheshe nokuqeqeshwa.
Inhloso yesihlanu: Ucwaningo
Ekuqapheliseni isidingo sezindlela ezintsha nezindlela ezintsha zokwenza ubugebengu, amakhomishana asikisela ukuhlinzeka ngemali emikhulu yokucwaninga. Ngokucacile, bakhuthaza izinhlangano zobulungiswa bezobugebengu ukuthi zibheke ekutadisheni umthelela wobugebengu , imiphumela yezijeziso ezihlukahlukene ebugebengu kanye nezindlela zokuthuthukisa izinqubo phakathi kwamaphoyisa, izinkantolo nezilungiso.
Injongo yesithupha: Imali
Ukulawula ubugebengu kuwumthwalo womphakathi kanye nohulumeni, kodwa akusiyo eshibhile. Amakhomishana akholelwa ukuthi ohulumeni kumele bazinikeze imali eyengeziwe ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo nokukhulisa imiholo yamaphoyisa kanye nabanye abaqeqeshi bezobugebengu.
Injongo Yesikhombisa: Umthwalo Wokuguquka
Ekugcineni, ikhomishani yafakazela ukuthi umthwalo wokwenza izinguquko ohlelweni lobulungiswa bezobugebengu ungowonke. Izakhamizi ngabanye, izinkampani, amanyuvesi, izinhlangano zenkolo kanye nohulumeni bonke bahlanganyela ekuvimbeleni nasekubhekaneni nobugebengu emiphakathini.