Kwenzekani-ke uma iphoyisa liyilo eliphenywayo? Ingabe angaphoqeleka ukufakaza ngokumelene naye?
Ngokusho kwe-United States neNkantolo Ephakeme kanye ne-bill of rights of the police, impendulo "ayikho."
Amafomu ahlukene, Injongo efanayo
Umthethosivivinywa wezinyathelo zomthetho wezinyathelo zomthetho awuyona isichibiyelo somthethosisekelo. Kunalokho, likhona emafomu ahlukahlukene kulo lonke elase-US Kwezinye izifundazwe, liye lahlanganiswa emithethweni ephathelene nabasebenzi bomphakathi. Kwabanye, kuye kwafakwa ezinkambisweni zomuntu eziphathelene nomthetho ngokuphathelene nophenyo lwangaphakathi . Noma kunjalo, kwabanye, kufakwe phakathi izinkontileka zokubambisana ndawonye. Kuzo zonke izimo, umthethosivivinywa wamalungelo wamaphoyisa usebenza ekusizeni amaphoyisa agunyazwe ngokomthetho ngokwabo ngokwemvelo nangokuziphatha ngendlela efanele.
Uma I-Cops Elihle Ihamba Emibi
Bambalwa bangaphika ukuthi iziphathimandla zomthetho zinomsebenzi onzima nokuthi usuku empilweni yephoyisa alonawo wonke umuntu. Ngeshwa futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukusebenza njengompolisi akuwona wonke umuntu futhi, nakuba ama-ejensi esebenza kanzima ukuhambisana nokuziphatha okuphakeme kakhulu ekusebenzisweni komthetho , amanye ama-apula amabi ngezinye izikhathi angenelela uphenyo lwangemuva bese enza kube namandla.
Nakuba amaphoyisa amaningi enhle, abasebenza kahle futhi abasebenza kanzima, sonke siyazi ukuthi ngisho nama-cops amahle angase ahambe kabi. Yingakho iningi leminyango yonke isebenzisa ukwahlukana kwangaphakathi kwamaphenyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bezinkinga bahlonishwa, baqondiswa futhi, uma kunesidingo, basuswa emandleni.
Umthethosivivinywa wamaphoyisa wamalungelo ukhona ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezo uphenyo ziqhutshwa ngendlela efanele, ukusekela okuhle komnyango kanye nesikhulu esibhekene nayo.
Ukungenelela okuphezulu
Evela ezinkantolo ezimbili ezibalulekile zaseNkantolo eNkulu yase-United States, u- Garrity v. I-New Jersey no- Gardner v. Broderick , umthethosivivinywa wamalungelo wamaphoyisa, njengoba ukhuthazwe yi-Order Fraternal Police, inikeza imihlahlandlela eyisisekelo eqinisekisa ukulingana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi , phakathi nokuphenywa kwezokuphatha, amalungelo omthethosisekelo ayisisekelo avikela amaphoyisa. Bobabili amacala enkantolo ahileleke izinsolo zokungaziphathi kahle kwamaphoyisa futhi anqunywa phakathi nonyaka nengxenye yomunye nomunye.
I-Garrity v. I-New Jersey
Endabeni ye- Garrity , izikhulu zafakwa ngaphansi kophenyo ngokulungisa amathikithi omgwaqo. Lapho amaphoyisa ebizelwa ukuba ahlaziywe imibuzo, aziswa kahle ukuthi noma yini ayishoyo ingasetshenziswa ngokumelene nabo ekuqhutshweni kobugebengu. Batshelwa nokuthi bangenqaba ukuphendula noma yikuphi imibuzo ababezizwa ukuthi bangabakhuthaza. Nokho, baxwayiswa ukuthi uma benqaba ukuphendula noma yimiphi imibuzo, bazoxoshwa emsebenzini wabo.
Amaphoyisa aphendula imibuzo ababuzwa ngayo futhi kamuva ashushiswa futhi asolwa ngamacala abo.
Bafaka isicelo eNkantolo Ephakeme, ngenxa yokuthi bavele benecala ngokwengxenye yabo, okushiwo ukuthi baphoqelekile besengozini yokulahlekelwa imisebenzi yabo. Inkantolo yavuma, inqume ukuthi kusongela omunye umuntu ngokungafuni ukuphendula imibuzo, empeleni, yephule isimiso sesihlanu sesivikelo sokuziphendulela ekuziphatheleni ukuziqhenya, ngakho-ke lezo zitatimende akufanele zivunyelwe ekuqhutshweni kobugebengu.
Isigadini v. Broderick
Endabeni yaseGardenener v. Broderick , amaphoyisa ayephenywa ngokufumbathisa. Ngesikhathi uphenyo, izikhulu zanikezwa ukuzivikela ngenxa yokushushiswa ngenxa yezitatimende zabo, okudingeka ukuba zinikeze ijaji elikhulu noma zixoshwe. Banikezwa futhi izifo zokuzivikela, futhi bayala ukuthi uma benqaba ukuyeka ilungelo labo lokuzivikela, bazoxoshwa.
UGardner wenqabe ukusayina i-waiver, ecela ilungelo lakhe lokuchibiyela lesihlanu futhi ngemuva kwalokho waxoshwa emsebenzini wakhe. Inkantolo iguqulwe ukuxoshwa, iphinda ithi iphoqelelwe ukufakaza.
I-Administrative noma i-Criminal?
Zombili lezi zimo zaqaphela ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ama-ejensi kudingeka axoxisane nabasebenzi bawo nokuthi banelungelo lokubaphoqa ukuba bafakaze ezindabeni zokuphatha. Ngakho-ke, kwahlukana phakathi kophenyo lokuphatha, olubhekiswe ekusebenzeni komsebenzi, nophenyo lobugebengu, olunezinsolo zokwenza okungekho emthethweni.
Ngakho-ke, iphoyisa lingaphoqeleka ukuba linikeze ulwazi uma uphenyo lukhawulelwe emkhakheni wemisebenzi yabo nokuthi ngabe bephula umthetho nenqubomgomo. Noma yiluphi ulwazi olutholakale ngesikhathi sobufakazi obuphoqelekile, noma kunjalo, alukwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukulwa nesiphathimandla kunoma yikuphi ukuqhutshwa kobugebengu.
Umthetho Wamalungelo Amalungelo EmaPhoyisa Amaphoyisa
Lezi zinqumo zabeka isisekelo salokho okuzokhula kumthethosisekelo wamaphoyisa wamaphoyisa. Umthethosivivinywa wamalungelo uveza ukubaluleka kokuhlukanisa phakathi kokuphenya kwezokuphatha kanye nobugebengu, kanye nokuqaphela izikhundla ezizenzekelayo zokuphoqelela umthetho, ngisho nangaphansi kokuphenywa.
Idumela lezikhulu zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwabo ngokuphumelelayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umthethosivivinywa wamalungelo wamaphoyisa uhlanganisa nokuvikeleka okuningana okuqinisekisa ukuthi uphenyo luhlala luyimfihlo futhi luyimfihlo kuze kuvaliwe futhi kuqondiswa isiyalo. Baphinde baqiniseke ukuthi uphenyo luqhutshwa ngendlela yokuvikela izikhulu ezivela kubaphathi abathandekayo noma abahlaselayo.
Umthethosivivinywa wamaLungelo oMthetho
Ngisho noma umthethosivivinywa wezinyathelo zomthetho wezinyathelo zomthetho uhluka kusuka kuhulumeni kuya kuhulumeni, izinhlinzeko ezivamile zihlanganisa:
- Amaphoyisa kufanele aziswe nganoma yikuphi okulindelekile ukuphenywa ngabo ngaphandle kokuba ubazise ukuthi kuzokwenqabela ubuqotho becala
- Amaphoyisa kufanele aziswe ngemiphumela yophenyo kanye nanoma yiziphi izincomo ezenziwe mayelana nesiyalo
- Ukuxoxisana kumele kwenziwe ngenkathi isikhulu sisebenza emsebenzini noma kunokwenzeka noma kunokwenzeka
- Amaphoyisa kufanele aziswe ngegama, isikhundla, nomyalo wephoyisa elibheke uphenyo
- Amaphoyisa kufanele avunyelwe ukuba nommeli noma ummeleli okhona nabo phakathi nanoma yikuphi ukuphenywa
- Izikhulu akumele zisongelwe noma zithembiswe ngokufakazela ubufakazi bazo
- Amaphoyisa kufanele abe nelungelo lokuzwa ngokuphathelene nesimo sokugcina socwaningo, nokufinyelela ezinsolo nasebufakazini obuvezwe ngabo
- Amaphoyisa kufanele abe nethuba lokunikeza ukuhlaziywa okubhaliwe futhi abambelele kunoma yiluphi ulwazi olubi, njengezikhalazo kanye nesenzo sokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe, okufakwa kumafayili abo abasebenzi.
- Amaphoyisa akufanele abe ngaphansi kokuphindisela ngokusebenzisa la malungelo
Ukuvikela Amakhophi Omubi?
Kulula ukubona ukuthi lezi zinhlinzeko zingakhungathekisa kanjani abaphenyi bangaphakathi . Kuyaqondakala nokuthi umthethosivivinywa wamalungelo omthetho ungaqondaniswa kanjani namalungu omphakathi akholelwa ukuthi lawo malungelo asebenza nje ukugcina izikhulu ezimbi emsebenzini.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi, ngaphakathi kwesimo esiyingqayizivele sokusetshenziswa komthetho, umthethosivivinywa wamalungelo wamaphoyisa ngokuyinhloko udluliselwa kumahhovisi lawo malungelo asevele ejabulela izakhamuzi azisebenzisayo.
Ukuhamba Umzila Omuhle
Uma kuziwa emiphenyweni, abaphenyi nabaphenyi bahamba ngokulingana phakathi kokwakha icala eliphelele futhi elingenakuvuthwa kwamanzi nokugcina amalungelo abo bonke abathintekayo. Lokhu kuqinisile ukuthi ngabe indaba yophenyo yipolisi noma cha. Isivivinywa samalungelo amaphoyisa, esaziwa ngokuthi amalungelo e- Garrity , siqinisekisa ukuthi amaphoyisa aphathwa ngendlela efanele njengabo bonke abanye.
Ngokuvamile, abantu baveza ukukhathazeka ngokungena emsebenzini ekusebenzisweni komthetho ngoba bayazi kahle izinto ezibucayi izikhulu ezicelwa ukuba zenze futhi ngombono wokuthi kulula ukuba izikhulu zibe yizikhulu lapho kukhona okungalungile. Ngenhlanhla, umthethosivivinywa wezinyathelo zokulawulwa kwemithetho ukhona ukuze kunciphise amathuba okwenzeka lokho.
Kulungile, futhi Ngeke Uhambe Kokungalungile
Kuyiqiniso, imisebenzi yomthetho yomthetho iyingozi , futhi kukhona izifundo ezibonisa ukuthi umsebenzi wamaphoyisa ungaba yingozi empilweni yakho . Kukhona izizathu eziningi zokuba isikhulu samaphoyisa , nezinzuzo eziningi kanye nemivuzo, kokubili okubonakalayo nokungabonakali, ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni. Ukwesaba ukuqhuma uphenyo akufanele kukugcine emsebenzini ozowuthanda. Yenza iphuzu ukwenza ngaso sonke isikhathi into efanele, futhi umthetho wakho wezinyunyana zamaphoyisa uzothatha konke okunye.