Imithethonqubo ngokuvamile ibhalwe ohlwini lokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa nokuphuza utshwala kanye nenqubomgomo yokuvimbela. Imihlahlandlela ingafaka ulwazi lapho inkampani ihlola izidakamizwa nokuphuza utshwala, kanye nemiphumela yokungaphumeleli ukuhlolwa.
Umthetho uhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwabasebenzi abanezinkinga zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa futhi uchaza indawo yokuhlala umqashi okufanele anikeze abasebenzi.
Ngaphezu komthetho wesifundazwe, kungase kube nemithetho yezwe elawula ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa nokusetshenziswa kotshwala, nokuthi abaqashi bangakwazi kanjani ukubhekana nezinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
Imithethonqubo Yokuhlukunyezwa Kwemisebenzi Yendawo Yomsebenzi
UMthetho WaseMelika Okhubazekile (ADA) noMthetho Wokuvuselela Ka-1973 kokubili kuthinta izinqubomgomo zezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa . Lezi zilandelayo zikhomba izici ze-ADA kanye noMthetho Wokuvuselelwa Ka-1973 kanye neminye imithetho yezwe ephathelene nabasebenzi abanezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa:
- Abaqashi bangavimbela ukusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni kwezidakamizwa nokusetshenziswa kotshwala emsebenzini.
- Ukuhlolwa kokusetshenziswa kwemithi ngokungemthetho akuphuli i-ADA (kodwa kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zombuso).
- Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuqashwa kuvame ukuvinjelwa ngabathile abakhethiwe abaye banikezwa umsebenzi. Ngokuvamile, bonke abazobhapathizwa kudingeka baphathwe ngokulinganayo futhi akekho umuntu ongazikhethela ukuhlolwa.
- Izifunda eziningi zidinga abaqashi ukuqinisekisa isizathu sokuhlola abasebenzi abasebenza njengamanje ngezinto. Abaqashi kulawo mazwe kumele babe nokusola okunengqondo ukuthi isisebenzi esibhekene naso sisebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa nokuthi ukuphepha noma ukusebenza kuye kwahlehliswa. Amanye amazwe angahlola abasebenzi ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphandle kokusola okunengqondo. Lo mkhuba kuvame ukuvinjelwa ezimweni lapho ukukhathazeka okuphathelene nokuphepha kuyinkinga.
- Abaqashi bangakwazi ukukhipha noma ukuphika umsebenzi kulabo okwamanje abasebenzisa ngokungemthetho izidakamizwa.
- Abaqashi abakwazi ukubandlulula izidakamizwa ezidakamizwa abanomlando wokulutha izidakamizwa noma abangasebenzisi izidakamizwa njengamanje futhi bavuselelwe (noma ngubani okwamanje ohlelweni lokuvuselela).
- Imizamo yokuhlala enengqondo, njengokuvumela isikhathi sokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, izinhlelo zokuzisiza, njll, kumele zithunyelwe kumlutha wezidakamizwa eziye zavuselelwa noma ezivuselelwa kabusha.
- Isidakamizwa singanquma "umuntu onokukhubazeka" ngaphansi kwe-ADA.
- Abaqashi bangakwazi ukukhipha, ukuyala noma ukuphika umsebenzi kubantu abaphuza utshwala abasebenzisa utshwala abavimbela ukusebenza noma ukuziphatha ngendlela efanayo nokuthi izenzo ezinjalo ziyoholela ekuthathweni kwezigwegwe kwabanye abasebenzi. Abasebenzi abasebenzisa izidakamizwa nokuphuza utshwala kumele bahlangabezane nemigomo efanayo yokusebenza nokuziphatha njengabanye abasebenzi.
- I-ADA ayivikela abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa. Kodwa-ke, labo abanomlando wokulutha, noma ababhekwa njengabagqila, bahlanganiswa uMthetho.
Izinkinga zokubandlulula
UMthetho waseMelika okhubazekile (ADA) uvimbela ukucwaswa kwabasebenzi kanye nabafakizicelo abakhubazekile ezinhlanganweni eziqashile abasebenzi abangu-15 noma ngaphezulu.
Ngokufanayo, isigaba 503 soMthetho Wokubuyiswa Kwemvelo ka-1973 senza okungekho emthethweni kwabankontileka nabasebenzisana nabo nohulumeni waseFrance ukubandlulula abantu abaqeqeshiwe abakhubazekile.
Izidingo zezeMpilo zabasebenzi
Zonke iziqu zinezimiso ezithile endaweni ngokuphathelene nemfuneko yezinsizakalo zempilo yengqondo ukuze ifakwe izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Amanye amazwe adinga ukulingana phakathi kwezinsizakalo zezempilo yengqondo kanye nezinzuzo amacebo ahlinzekela ukugula ngokomzimba.
Ukuxhashazwa kwezidakamizwa kuvame ukuhlanganiswa ngaphansi kwesambulela sempilo yengqondo kulezi zizwe. Kulo mqondo uthi, izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele zinikeze ukufakwa kokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa ezingafaniswa nokuhlinzeka ngezinkinga zempilo ezisekelwe ngokomzimba.
Ngokusho kweNational Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) "Imithetho eminingi yombuso idinga ukuthi ezinye izinga lokuhlinzekwa zihlinzekwe ukugula ngengqondo, ukugula okungokomqondo okukhulu, ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa noma ukuhlanganiswa kwalo.
Lezi zizwe azibhekwa njengamaqembu aphelele ngoba zivumela ukungafani ezingeni lezinzuzo ezihlinzekwe phakathi kokugula kwengqondo nezifo zomzimba. Lezi zingqinamba zingaba ngesimo semingcele ehlukene yokuvakashelwa, ukukhokhelwa ngokubambisana, ukukhishwa kwezimali, kanye nemingcele yonyaka kanye nempilo. "
Eminye ithi iyala ukuthi ukhetho kufanele lunikezwe ukuhlinzekwa kwempilo yengqondo kodwa ungaqapheli ukuba kube khona ukubhekwa okungenani noma ubunye. Abaqashi kulawa mazwe banganikeza izinhlelo ezikhokhisa abafakizicelo imali eyengeziwe yokuhlinzeka ngempilo yengqondo uma abasebenzi bekhetha ukukhetha lokho okukhethwa kukho.
I-NCSL ibonisa ukuthi "Imithetho okungenani engu-38 ithi kubandakanya ukufakwa kwezidakamizwa, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala noma izidakamizwa."
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