Ukusebenzisa okungalungile nokutholakala kwezidakamizwa ezilawulwayo
Umbhalo
"(A) Noma yimuphi umuntu ongaphansi kwalesi sahluko osebenzisa ngokungalungile, owenza, owenzela, ohambisa, ohambisa, engena ensimini yamasiko e-United States, ezithengiswa ngaphandle ezivela e-United States, noma efaka ukungena, isitsha, imoto, noma izindiza ezisetshenziswa noma ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwamabutho ahlomile into echazwe esigatshaneni (b) izojeziswa njengoba inkantolo ingabhalwa.
(b) Izinto ezishiwo esigatshaneni (a) zilandelayo:
(1) i-opium, i-heroin, i-cocaine, i-amphetamine, i-lysergic acid e-diethylamide, i-methamphetamine, i-phencyclidine, i-barbituric acid, nobuni, nanoma yikuphi okuhlanganiswa noma okutholakala kwanoma iyiphi into.
(2) Noma imuphi umuthi ongacacisiwe kwisigatshana (1) esibekiwe ohlwini lwesimiso esilawulwe nguMongameli ngenhloso yalesi sihloko.
(3) Noma yimuphi omunye into engacacisiwe kwisigatshana (1) noma equkethwe ohlwini olubekwe nguMongameli ngaphansi kwesigatshana (2) esibekwe ohlwini kwiShedyuli I ngeV of section 202 yoMthetho wezakhiwo ezilawulwayo (21 USC 812). "
Izinto
(1) Ifa elingalungile lezinto ezilawulwayo .
(a) Ukuthi ummangalelwa unomthamo othile wezinto ezilawulwayo; futhi
(b) Ukuthi umnikazi womsolwa wayeyiphutha.
(2) Ukusebenzisa okungalungile kwezinto ezilawulwayo .
(a) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wasebenzisa into elawulwayo; futhi
(b) Ukusetshenziswa kommangali kwakungalungile.
(3) Ukusabalalisa okungalungile kwezinto ezilawulwayo .
(a) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wasakaza inani elithile lomuthi olawulwayo; futhi
(b) Ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa komsolwa kwakungalungile.
(4) Isingeniso esingalungile sezinto ezilawulwayo .
(a) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wangena emkhunjini, ezindizeni, emotweni, noma ekufakweni okusetshenziselwa amabutho ahlomile noma ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwebutho elihlomile inani elithile lomuthi olawulwayo; futhi
(b) Ukuthi ukusungulwa kwakungalungile.
(5) Ukwenziwa okungalungile kwezinto ezilawulwayo .
(a) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wenza into ethile elawulwayo; futhi
(b) Ukukhiqiza kwakungalungile.
(6) Impahla engalungile, ukukhiqizwa, noma isingeniso sezinto ezilawulwa ngenhloso yokusabalalisa .
(a) Ukuthi ummangali (ophethe) (owenziwe) (wethula) inani elithile lokulawula okulawulwayo;
(b) Ukuthi (ifa) (ukukhiqiza) (isingeniso) kwakungalungile; futhi
(c) Ukuthi (ifa) (ukukhiqiza) (isingeniso) sasihlose ukusabalalisa.
(7) ukungeniswa okungalungile noma ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezilawulwayo .
(a) Ukuthi ummangali (ukungeniswa ensimini yamasiko) (okuthekelisiwe kusuka) e-United States inani elithile lomuthi olawulwayo; futhi
(b) Ukuthi (ukungeniswa) (ukuthunyelwa) kwakungalungile. Qaphela: Uma ngabe yiziphi izimo ezimbi ezibalulwe kwisigatshana sesi-5 kuthiwa, kufanele zifakwe ohlwini njengento.
Incazelo
(1) Into elawulwayo . "Izinto ezilawulwayo" kusho i-amphetamine, i-cocaine, i-heroin, i-lysergic acid diethylamide, i-marijuana, i-methamphetamine, i-opium, i-phencyclidine, ne-barbituric acid, kuhlanganise ne-phenobarbital ne-secobarbital. "Into elawulwayo" isho nanoma yikuphi into ehlanganisiwe kwiShedyuli I nge V esungulwe nguMthetho Wokulawulwa Kwamathuluzi Ka-1970 (21 USC 812).
(2) Kukhona . "I-Possess" kusho ukulawula okuthile. Impahla ingaba ukugcinwa okuqondile ngokomzimba njengokubamba into kuyisandla somuntu, noma kungase kube eyakhayo, njengokungathi kumuntu ofihla into ekhiqiza noma imoto umuntu angabuyela ngayo ukuyithola. Izinto kufanele zikwazi futhi ziyazi. Impahla ihlanganisa amandla noma igunya lokuvimbela ukulawulwa ngabanye. Kungenzeka, kodwa, ukuthi umuntu angaphezu kweyodwa athole into ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengalapho abantu abaningana behlanganyela ukulawulwa kwento. Ummangalelwa angeke atholakale enecala lokulawulwa kwempahla uma ummangalelwa engazi ukuthi into ekhona ngaphansi kokulawulwa komsolwa. Ukuqwashisa ngobukhona bezinto ezilawulwayo kungase kutholakale ebufakazini obuningi.
(3) sasaza .
"Ukusabalalisa" kusho ukuletha okunye. "Ukukhulula" kusho ukukhishwa kwangempela, okwakhiwa, noma okuzama ukukhishwa kwento, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona ubuhlobo be-ejensi noma cha.
(4) Ukukhiqiza . "Ukukhiqiza" kusho ukukhiqizwa, ukulungiselela, ukusakaza, ukuhlanganisa, noma ukusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa noma ezinye izinto, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile noma ngokukhipha izinto ezivela emvelweni, noma ngokuzimela ngokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali noma ngokuhlanganiswa kokukhipha kanye namakhemikhali ukuhlanganisa, futhi kufaka noma yikuphi ukupakishwa noma ukuphindwa kabusha kwezinto ezinjalo noma ukubhuka noma ukulahla isitsha sayo. "Ukukhiqizwa," njengoba kusetshenziswe kule ngxenye, kufaka ukutshala, ukulima, ukukhula, noma ukuvuna izidakamizwa noma ezinye izinto.
(5) Ukungalungi . Ukujeziswa ngaphansi kwesigaba 112a, ukutholakala, ukusetshenziswa, ukusatshalaliswa, isingeniso, noma ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezilawulwayo kufanele kube okungalungile. Ukuthenga, ukusetshenziswa, ukusatshalaliswa, isingeniso, noma ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezilawulwayo akulungile uma kungekho ukulungiswa komthetho noma ukugunyazwa. Ukuthengwa, ukusatshalaliswa, isingeniso, noma ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezilawulwayo akuyona iphutha uma isenzo noma izenzo ezinjalo zikhona: (A) ezenziwe ngokulandela imisebenzi esemthethweni yokusebenzisa umthetho (isibonelo, ummemezeli othola izidakamizwa njengengxenye yokusebenza okungekho emthethweni akukhona okungalungile), (B) eyenziwa ngabasebenzi abagunyaziwe ekusebenzeni imisebenzi yezokwelapha; noma (C) ngaphandle kolwazi lwe-contraband uhlobo lomuthi (isibonelo, umuntu ophethe i-cocaine, kodwa empeleni ukholelwa ukuthi ushukela, awunecala lokuthola i-cocaine). Ukuthenga, ukusebenzisa, ukusatshalaliswa, isingeniso, noma ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezilawulwayo kungenziwa ukuthi kungalungile uma kungekho ubufakazi obuphikisayo. Umthwalo wokuhamba phambili nobufakazi mayelana nanoma yikuphi okungafani nanoma iyiphi inkantolo-noma ezinye izinyathelo ngaphansi kwekhodi kumele kube phezu komuntu obiza inzuzo yayo. Uma ngabe inkinga enjalo iphakanyiswa ubufakazi obunikezwe, khona-ke umthwalo wobufakazi uphezu kwe-United States ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa, ukutholakala, ukusabalalisa, ukukhiqiza, noma isingeniso kwakungalungile.
(6) Inhloso yokusabalalisa . Inhloso yokusabalalisa ingahle ikhishwe ebufakazini obuningi. Izibonelo zobufakazi ezingase zithande ukusekela inhloso yokusabalalisa yilezi: ukutholakala kokuningi kwempahla okungaphezu kwalokho okungeke kube nokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu; inani lemakethe lezinto; indlela lapho le mpahla ihlanganiswa khona; nokuthi ummangalelwa akasebenzisi umuthi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubufakazi bokuthi ummangalelwa ungumlutha noma ungumsebenzisi osindayo walo mkhuba angase athambekele ekungenizeni inhloso yokusabalalisa.
(7) Inani elithile . Uma kukholwa ukuthi inani elithile lezinto ezilawulwayo liye lalithathwa, lisatshalaliswa, laziswa, noma lenziwa ngummangali, inani elithile kufanele litshalwe ngokucacile kule nkcazelo. Akudingekile ukwehlisa inani elithile, kodwa-ke, futhi kunokwanele uma kunqunywe ukuthi ummangali ukhona, usatshalaliswe, wabeka noma wenza "ezinye," "umkhondo," noma "ubuningi obungaziwa" .
(8) Isikhungo sokuqalisa imishini . "Isikhungo sokuqaliswa kwe-missile" sihlanganisa indawo lapho izibhamu zikhishwa khona futhi ziqalise izindawo zokulawula lapho ukuqaliswa komshini kuqaliswa noma kulawulwa ngemuva kokuqaliswa.
(9) Ingqikithi yamasiko e-United States . "Insimu yamasiko e-United States" ihlanganisa kuphela amazwe, iSifunda saseColombia nasePuerto Rico.
(10) Sebenzisa . "Sebenzisa" kusho ukujova, ukungena, ukungena, noma ukufaka emzimbeni womuntu, noma yikuphi okulawulwayo. Ulwazi lokutholakala kwezinto ezilawulwayo kuyisici esidingekayo sokusetshenziswa. Ulwazi mayelana nokutholakala kwezinto ezilawulwayo kungase kutholakale kusukela ebusweni bezinto ezilawulwayo emzimbeni wommangalelwa noma kwezinye izici ezenzekayo. Leli gama elivumelekile lingaba ngokomthetho ngokwanele ukwanelisa umthwalo kahulumeni wobufakazi ngokuqondene nolwazi.
(11) Ukungazi ngamabomu . Ummangalelwa ogwema ngokuqaphela ulwazi lokuba khona kwezinto ezilawulwayo noma uhlobo lwe-contraband lwalo mkhuba luhambisana nesibambiso esifanayo njengalowo onolwazi lwangempela.
Abancane babehlanganisa amacala
(1) Ifa elingalungile lezinto ezilawulwayo . Isigaba sama-80- izikhathi
(2) Ukusebenzisa okungalungile kwezinto ezilawulwayo .
(a) Isigaba 112a-impahla engekho emthethweni yezinto ezisetshenzisiwe
(b) Isigaba sama-80- izimpendulo
(3) Ukusabalalisa okungalungile kwezinto ezilawulwayo . Isigaba sama-80- izikhathi
(4) Ukukhiqiza okungalungile kwezinto ezilawulwayo .
(a) Isigaba 112a-impahla engalungile yokulawulwa kwempahla
(b) Isigaba sama-80- izimpendulo
(5) Isingeniso esingalungile sezinto ezilawulwayo .
(a) Isigaba 112a-impahla engekho emthethweni yezinto ezisetshenzisiwe
(b) Isigaba sama-80- izimpendulo
(6) Impahla engalungile, ukukhiqizwa, noma isingeniso sezinto ezilawulwa ngenhloso yokusabalalisa .
(a) Isigaba 112a-impahla, ukukhiqizwa, noma ukusungulwa kwezinto ezilawulwayo
(b) Isigaba sama-80- izimpendulo
(7) ukungeniswa okungalungile noma ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezilawulwayo . Isigaba sama-80- izikhathi
Izijeziso ezinkulu
(1) Ukusebenzisa okungalungile, ukutholakala, ukukhiqiza, noma ukusungulwa kwemithi elawulwayo .
(a) Amphetamine, i-cocaine, i-heroin, i-lysergic acid i-diethylamide, i-marijuana (ngaphandle kokudla okungaphansi kuka-30 amagremu noma ukusebenzisa inambuzane), i-methamphetamine, i-opium, i-phencyclidine, i-secobarbital, ne-Schedule I, II, III . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuvalelwa iminyaka emihlanu.
(b) I- Marijuana (yokuthola okungaphansi kuka-30 amagremu noma ukusetshenziswa), i-phenobarbital, neSheduli IV neV ephethe izinto . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka emibili.
(2) Ukusatshalaliswa okungalungile, ukutholakala, ukukhiqizwa, noma ukusungulwa kwezidakamizwa ezilawulwa ngenhloso yokusabalalisa, noma ukungeniswa okungalungile noma ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezilawulwayo .
(a) Amphetamine, i-cocaine, i-heroin, i-lysergic acid diethylamide, i-marijuana, i-methamphetamine, i-opium, i-phencyclidine, i-secobarbital, ne-Schedule I, II, ne-III izinto ezilawulwayo . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka engu-15.
(b) Izinto ezilawulwa yiPhenobarbital neSheduli IV neV . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka eyishumi. Uma noma yikuphi ukwephula umthetho ngaphansi kwesigaba 37 kwenziwa; ngenkathi umsolwa engaphansi komsebenzi njengenkosikazi noma ukubuka; egibele isitsha noma indiza esetshenziswa noma ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwamabutho ahlomile; ngaphakathi noma esikhungweni sokuqaliswa kwe-missile esetshenziswa noma ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwamabutho ahlomile; ngenkathi bethola ikhokhelo ekhethekile ngaphansi kuka-37 USC ยง 310; ngesikhathi sempi; noma endaweni yokuvalelwa esetshenziselwa noma ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwamabutho ahlomile, isikhathi esiphezulu sokuvalelwa egunyazwe yilelo cala sizokhuliswa iminyaka emihlanu.
Ulwazi oluphezulu oluvela kwi-Manual for Court Martial, 2002, Isahluko 4, Isigaba 37