Isikhathi seziKhalazo
Izikhalazo kufanele zithunyelwe ngokubhala ezinsukwini ezinhlanu zekhalenda kokufakwa kwe-NJP, noma ilungelo lokukhalaza lizokhishwa ngokungabikho kwesizathu esihle esibonisiwe.
Isikhathi sokukhalaza siqala ukusebenza kusukela ngosuku lokubekwa kwe-NJP, yize noma konke noma ingxenye yesigwebo esinqunyiwe imiswe okwesikhashana.
Uma kubonakala sengathi ummangalelwa ukuthi kungase kube khona isizathu esihle esingenza kube nzima noma kunzima kakhulu ukulungiselela nokuhambisa isikhalazo phakathi nosuku lwekhalenda lesi-5, ummangalelwa kufanele ngokushesha anikeze isiphathimandla esabeka isijeziso sezinkinga ezibonwayo bese ecela Ukwandisa isikhathi esifanele. Iphoyisa elimisa i-NJP lizocaca ukuthi ngabe imbangela enhle ibonisiwe futhi iyokwazisa osolwa ukuthi ngabe isikhathi sokwandiswa kwesikhathi sivunyelwe.
U- servicemember owake wafaka isicelo angadingeka ukuba athole noma yisiphi isijeziso sokuvimbela noma imisebenzi eyengeziwe enikezwe ngenkathi isikhalazo sisalindelwe, ngaphandle kokuthi, uma isenzo singathathwa isikhalazo isikhulu sezikhalazo zingakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu (hhayi izinsuku zokusebenza) emva kokufaka isikhalo esibhaliwe sithunyelwe, futhi uma ummangali esicelile, noma yisiphi isijeziso esingekho emthethweni esihilela ukuvimbela noma imisebenzi eyengeziwe kuyohlala kuze kube yilapho isinqumo sithathwa.
Izizathu Eziyisibili Zokudluliswa Kwecala
Kunezizathu ezimbili kuphela zokufaka isikhalazo: isijeziso sasingenabulungisa noma isijeziso sasingenakuqhathaniswa nesiphambeko esenziwe. Isijeziso esingenabulungisa sikhona lapho ubufakazi benganele ukufakazela ukuthi ummangalelwa wenza icala; lapho isimiso semikhawulo evimbela ukujeziswa okusemthethweni; noma uma ngabe yikuphi okunye iqiniso, kuhlanganise nokuphika kwamalungelo amaningi, kungabaza ukuqinisekiswa kwesigwebo.
Isijeziso asihambisani naso uma kunjalo, esahlulelweni sombuyekezi, sihlukume kakhulu ngesenzo esenziwe. Ummangalelwa okholelwa ukuthi isijeziso sakhe sinzima kakhulu ngaleyo ndlela unxusa ngenxa yesijeziso esingavumelaniyo, noma ngabe incwadi yakhe imemezela ngokucacile umhlabathi ngegama eliqondile.
Kodwa-ke, phawula ukuthi isijeziso singase sibe ngokomthetho kodwa ngokweqile noma ngokungalungile sicabangela izimo ezifana nesimo secala; ukungabi khona kwezimo ezimbi; irekhodi langaphambili lomenzi wobugebengu; kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo ekulandiseni nasekunciphiseni. Izizathu zokudluliswa kwezikhalazo akudingeki zichazwe ngobuciko encwadini yokudlulisa icala, futhi umbuyekezi kumele aqonde ukuthi kufanelekile yini okushiwo encwadini. Kubuciko obuhle noma izithasiselo ezingafanele noma ezinye izikhalazo zokuphatha akuzona izizathu zokwenqaba ukudlulisela isikhalazo kumphathi wokubuyekeza. Uma kunomunye umlawuli oqoqweni lwamakheli amanothi okuphatha, kufanele aqondiswe, uma kukhona impahla, ekuvunyelweni kwalowo mlawuli ohambisa isikhalazo. Ngakho-ke, uma ummangalelwa engayibhali incwadi yakhe kubo bonke abaqondisi abafanelekile emkhakheni wokuyala, umlawuli ophawula iphutha kufanele abe ukufunda nokudlulisela isikhalazo.
Akufanele athumele isikhalazo kummangalelwa ngokuphinde abuyele emuva ngoba isikhalo kufanele sithunyelwe ngokushesha kuziphathimandla zokubuyekeza.
Isikhulu esasifaka isijeziso akufanele, ngokugunyazwa, sifune "ukuvikela" ngezinsolo zesiphenyo kodwa kufanele, uma kufanelekile, sichaze ukulinganiswa kobufakazi. Isibonelo, isikhulu singase sikhethe ukukholelwa ku-akhawunti eyodwa ye-akhawunti yamaqiniso ngenkathi singakholelwa ukuthi omunye ufakazi 'akhumbule amaqiniso afanayo futhi lokhu kufanele kufakwe ekuhambisweni. Leli phoyisa lingafaka ngokufanele noma yiziphi amaqiniso afanele kulesi cala njengesizo esiqondeni sokubuyekeza kodwa kufanele sigweme ukubulawa komuntu osolwa ngokungabalulekile. Ekugcineni, noma yiziphi iziphambeko ezenziwe esinqumweni sokuphoqa i-NJP noma inani lokujeziswa okumele zilungiswe kufanele zilungiswe yilo phoyisa kanye nesenzo sokulungiswa esiboniswe ukugunyazwa kokudlulisela phambili.
Ngisho noma isenzo sokulungisa sithathwa, isikhalazo kufanele sithunyelwe kumbuyekezi.
Njengendaba yokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-NJP ayilona icala lokulwa nobugebengu , kodwa kunendlela yokuphatha, ngokuyinhloko ekulungiseni kwemvelo, eyenzelwe ukubhekana nezinsolo ezincane zokwelulekwa ngaphandle kokugxekwa kwecala lokulwa nenkantolo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lobufakazi elisetshenziselwa ukulalelwa kweSigatshana se-15 "ukuphazamiseka kobufakazi" ngokuphindaphindiwe. "
Iphutha lezinqubo nezokufakaza
Amaphutha wenqubo awavimbeli isijeziso ngaphandle kokuthi iphutha noma amaphutha aphikise ilungelo elikhulu noma enze ukulimala okukhulu kulowo lungelo. Ngakho-ke, uma umenzi wesono engaxwayiswanga ngokufanele ngelungelo lakhe lokuthula buthule, kodwa akazange enze isitatimende, akazange aphule kakhulu. Uma umonile engaziwa ukuthi unelungelo lokunqaba i-NJP, futhi unegunya elinjalo, khona-ke iphutha lilingana nokuphika ilungelo elikhulu.
Imithetho yobufakazi obunzima ayisebenzisi emihlanganweni ye-NJP. Amaphutha okufakaza angeke afane nobufakazi obanele, ngeke avumele ukujeziswa.
Ummeli Ukubuyekeza
Ingxenye V, para. 7e, i-MCM (1998 ed.), Idinga ukuthi, ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yisiphi isenzo ekudluliseni isikhalo kunoma yisiphi isijeziso esingaphezu kwalokho esinganikezwa ngumphathi we-O-3, igunya lokubuyekeza kumele lidlulisele isikhalazo kummeli ukuze acatshangelwe kanye nezeluleko. Iseluleko sommeli luyindaba phakathi kwegunya lokubuyekeza kanye nommeli futhi aliyona ingxenye yephakheji lesikhalazo. Iningi lezinsizakalo manje lidinga ukuthi zonke izikhalazo ze-NJP zibuyekezwe ngummeli ngaphambi kokusebenza ngesigungu sokubuyekeza.
I-Action Appellate Action
Ngokwenza isikhalazo, noma ngisho nasesikhathini lapho kungekho sikhalazo esifakiwe, igunya eliphakeme lingasebenzisa amandla afanayo ngokuphathelene nesijeziso esinikezwe yisiphathimandla esabeka isijeziso. Ngakho-ke, igunya lokubuyekeza lingase:
- Vumela isijeziso sonke
- Ukunciphisa, ukukhipha, noma ukubeka eceleni isijeziso sokulungisa amaphutha
- Ukunciphisa, ukubuyisela noma ukumisa (okuphelele noma okuyingxenye) isijeziso ngenxa yezizathu zokucabangela
- Ukuqeda icala (Uma lokhu kuphelile, umbuyekezi kufanele aqondise ukubuyiswa kwamalungelo, amalungelo, kanye nempahla elahlekelwe ngummangalelwa ngenxa yokufakwa kwesigwebo.), Noma
- Vumela ukuphindaphinda lapho kunamaphutha amaningi enqubo engafani nokuthola ubufakazi obanele bokuphoqa iNJP.
Kodwa-ke, ekubukeleni, isijeziso esithweswe kungase sibe nzima nakakhulu kunalokho okwenziwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuqala, ngaphandle uma ezinye izenzo ezenzeka ngemuva komhla wokuqala okuqhubekayo zengeziwe kumacala okuqala. Uma ummangali, engakhanjiswanga noma engena emkhunjini, walahla ilungelo lakhe lokufuna icala ngokulwa nenkantolo ekuqaleni kwenqubo, angeke afake leli lungelo ngokuqondene nalawo macala okukhulunywa ngawo kodwa angase athi kunoma yiliphi icala elisha ekubuyiseleni.
Lapho sekuqediwe isenzo ngesikhulu sokubuyekeza, i-servicemember izokwaziswa masinyane ngomphumela.
> Umthombo:
> Ulwazi oluvela kwi- Handbook of Justice & Civil Civil Law