Izihloko ezizijezisa ze-UCMJ

by Rod Power

Isigaba 90: Ukuhlukunyezwa noma ngokungafuni ukulalela isikhulu esiphezulu

Umbhalo:

"Noma yimuphi umuntu ngaphansi kwalesi sahluko ngubani-

(1) ushaya isikhulu sakhe esiphezulu noma sikhwele noma siphakamise noma yisiphi isikhali noma sinikeza noma yiluphi udlame olumelene naye ngenkathi esebenza ehhovisi lakhe; noma

(2) ngokungafuni ukulalela umyalo ovumelekile wesikhulu sakhe esiphezulu; uzojeziswa, uma icala lenziwa ngenkathi yempi, ngokufa noma esinye isijeziso njengoba inkantolo ingabhalwa, futhi uma icala lenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, isijeziso esinjalo, ngaphandle kokufa, njengenkantolo -ukuhleleka kungabhalwa. "

Izinto

(1) Ukushaya noma ukushaya isikhulu esiphezulu esithunyelwe .

(a) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wamshaya, wadonsa, noma waphakamisa isikhali ngokumelene naye, noma wanikeza udlame oluphikisana naye, isikhulu esithile esithunyelwe;

(b) Ukuthi leli phoyisa laliyisiphathimandla esiphezulu somsolwa;

(d) Ukuthi isiphathimandla esiphezulu esiphezulu sasibe sesikhundleni.

(2) Disobeying isiphathimandla esiphezulu esithunyelwe .

(a) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wathola umyalo ovumelekile ovela kumphathi othize;

(b) Ukuthi leli phoyisa laliyisiphathimandla esiphezulu somsolwa;

(d) Ukuthi ummangali akalalelanga ngamabomu umyalo ovumelekile.

Incazelo

(1) Ukushaya noma ukushaya isikhulu esiphezulu esithunyelwe .

(a) Izincazelo .

(b) Ukukhishwa kwehhovisi .

Iphoyisa lisebenza ekusebenziseni ihhovisi lapho lisebenza noma yiliphi isenzo noma isevisi edingekayo noma egunyazwe ngesivumelwano, umthetho, umthethonqubo, umyalelo wokuphakama, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezempi. Ngokuvamile, noma yikuphi ukushaya noma ukusebenzisa udlame kunoma yiliphi isiphathimandla esiphezulu ngumuntu onomsebenzi walowo ophethe ukugcina isiyalo ngaleso sikhathi kuzobe kushaya noma kusebenzise udlame olubhekiswe kulesi sikhulu lapho kwenziwa ihhovisi.

Umphathi ogibele umkhumbi noma umphathi weyunithi ensimini ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukuthi usemsebenzini ngaso sonke isikhathi.

(c) Ulwazi . Uma ummangali engazi ukuthi leli phoyisa laliyisithunywa esiphezulu somsolwa, ummangalelwa angeke alahlwe yileli cala. Ulwazi lungaboniswa ubufakazi obunjalo.

(d) Ukuvikela . Ngokweshushiso ngokushaya noma ukushaya isikhulu esiphezulu esithunyelwe ngokwephula lesi sihloko, kuyisivikelo sokuthi ummangali wenze ngokusemthethweni emsebenzini othile, noma ukuthi isisulu senze ngendlela eya kummangalelwa njengokulahlekelwa yisivikelo salesi sihloko ( bheka - isigaba 13c (5) ). Isibonelo, uma isisulu siqala ukuhlaselwa okungekho emthethweni kummangali, lokhu kuzosusa isisulu sokuvikelwa kwalesi sihloko, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, singasithethelela noma yikuphi okuncane okubandakanya icala lokuhlaselwa njengoba kwenziwa ngokuzivikela, kuye ngezimo ( bheka isigaba 54c; RCM 916 ().

(i) Isiphathimandla esiphezulu esiphezulu . Izincazelo ezitholakala esigabeni - 13c (1) ( a ) no ( b ) zisebenza lapha kanye nendima c (2).

(ii) Ukushaya . "Ukushaywa" kusho ukushaya ngenhloso, futhi kufaka noma yikuphi ukuthinta okucasulayo komuntu wesiphathimandla, noma ngabe kuncane kangakanani.

(iii) Udonsa noma uphakamisa noma yisiphi isikhali sokulwa . Inkulumo ethi "idonsa noma iphakamise noma yisiphi isikhali ngokumelene" ihlanganisa noma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa okulula okuwenziwe ngendlela echazwe. Ukudweba kwanoma yisiphi isikhali ngendlela enonya noma ukuphakanyiswa noma ukukhwabanisa okufanayo ngendlela esongelayo phambi kwesikhulu futhi uhlobo oluphezulu lwesenzo esabhaliwe. Ukuphakanyiswa kwesibhamu, noma ngabe kungasetshenziswanga, noma ngabe yikuphi okwakunikelwa ukulimala noma ukulimala okungathí sina kubandakanya "ukuphakamisa."

(iv) Inikeza noma yikuphi udlame oluphikisana nalo . Inkulumo ethi "inikeza noma yiluphi udlame oluphikisanayo" luhlanganisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwebhethri noma ukushaya nje akuzange kuvunywe emibhalweni ethize ethize "imishayo" futhi "idonsela noma iphakamise." Uma kungenakwenziwa, lobudlova kufanele buvivinywe ngokomzimba noma bubulawe. Ukusongela ngamazwi akuyona umnikelo wobudlova ngomqondo walesi sihloko.

(2) Disobeying isiphathimandla esiphezulu esithunyelwe .

(a) Ukufaneleka komyalelo .

(i) Ukungathandwa kwemithetho . I-oda elidinga ukusebenza komsebenzi wezempi noma isenzo kungenziwa ukuthi ivumelekile ukuba ivumelekile futhi ayilaleli engozini yomuntu ophansi. Le ncazelo ayisebenzi ku-oda olungekho emthethweni, njengaleyo eqondisa ikhomishana yobugebengu.

(ii) Isiphathimandla sokukhishwa kwesiphathimandla . Isikhulu esithunywe ukukhishwa kwe-oda kumele sibe negunya lokunikeza lo myalelo. Ukugunyazwa kungenzeka kusekelwe emthethweni, umthethonqubo, noma umkhuba wenkonzo
(iii) Ukuxhumana nomsebenzi wezempi . Lo myalelo kufanele uhlobanise nomsebenzi wempi, okubandakanya yonke imisebenzi edingekayo ukuze ufeze umsebenzi wezempi, noma uvikele noma ukhuthaze ukuziphatha, ukuziphatha, kanye nokusebenza kwamalungu omyalo futhi uxhumane ngokuqondile nokugcinwa kokuhlelekile enkonzweni. Umyalelo kungenzeka, ngaphandle kwenhloso yempi enjalo, iphazamise amalungelo okuzimela noma izindaba zomuntu siqu. Kodwa-ke, okushiwo unembeza womuntu, inkolo, noma ifilosofi yomuntu siqu akukwazi ukuzwisa noma ukuxolela ukungalaleli komyalelo ongekho emthethweni. Ukungalaleli komyalelo onomsebenzi wayo kuphela ukutholakala kokuphela kokuphela kwangasese, noma okunikezwa ngenhloso yodwa yokwandisa inhlawulo yecala okulindeleke ukuthi ummangali enze, akulahlwa ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko.
(iv) Ubudlelwano namalungelo omthetho noma omthethosisekelo . Umyalelo akufanele uhambisane namalungelo omthetho noma omthethosisekelo omuntu othola umyalelo.

(b) Imvelo yomuntu siqu . I-oda kufanele liqondiswe ngqo kulabo abangaphansi. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwemithetho, imiyalo emile noma iziqondiso, noma ukwehluleka ukwenza imisebenzi emisiwe ngaphambili akujeziswa ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko kodwa kungaphula Isigaba 92 .

(c) Ifomu nokudluliswa komyalelo . Uma nje i-oda liqondakala, uhlobo lwe-oda aluhambanga, njengendlela yokudluliselwa ngayo kummangali.

(d) Okucacile kohlelo . Umyalelo kufanele ube yilapho okumele kwenziwe noma cha ukwenza isenzo esithile. Isikhuthazo "sokulalela umthetho" noma ukwenza umsebenzi wezempi akuyona umyalo ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko.

(e) Ulwazi . Umsolwa kumele abe nolwazi lwangempela lomyalelo nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi umuntu okhishwa umyalelo nguye oyisikhulu esiphezulu somsolwa. Ukwaziswa kwangempela kungase kuboniswe ubufakazi obunjalo.

(f) Imvelo yokungalaleli . "Ukungalaleli ngokuzithandela" ukuphikisana negunya ngamandla. Ukuhluleka ukuhambisana nomyalelo ngokungaqapheli, ukukhishwa, noma ukukhohlwa akusona ukwephulwa kwalesi sihloko kodwa kungaphula Isigaba 92.

(g) Isikhathi sokuthobela . Uma umyalelo udinga ukuthobela ngokushesha, isinqumo sommangalelwa esingafuni ukulalela futhi ukwehluleka ukwenza noma yikuphi ukuthutha ukuhambisana kuyisenzo sokungalaleli. Uma umyalo ungabonakali isikhathi okuzofanele uhambisane ngaso, noma ngokucacile noma ngokufaka isicelo, ukubambezeleka okuhambisanayo kokuhambisana akuhambisani nalesi sihloko. Uma umyalelo udinga ukusebenza esikhathini esizayo, isitatimende samanje somsolwa ngenhloso yokungalaleli umyalelo akubanga ukungalaleli kwalowo myalelo, nakuba ukwenza leyo njongo kungenzeka.

(3) Izizwe futhi zidedelwe iziboshwa . Isiboshwa esithunyelwe noma ezinye izakhamizi zihambisana nomthetho wezempi ( bheka i- Article 2 ) futhi ngaphansi komyalo we-officer of commissioned subject to the provisions of this article.

Abancane babehlanganisa amacala.

(1) Ukushaya isikhulu esiphezulu esithunyelwe ekuphathweni kwehhovisi .

(a) Isigaba se-90-ukudweba noma ukuphakamisa isikhali noma ukunikeza udlame kwisiphathimandla esiphezulu sokuthunyelwa kwehhovisi

(b) Isigaba 128 - isisasa; ukuhlaselwa kugcwele ibhetri; ukushaya ngesibhamu esiyingozi

(c) Isigaba 128 - ukususwa noma ukuhlaselwa kugqunywe ibhetri phezu kwesikhulu esithunyelwe hhayi ekuqhutshweni kwehhovisi

(d) Isigaba sama-80- izimpendulo

(2) Ukudweba noma ukuphakamisa isikhali noma ukuhlinzeka ngodlame kulesi sikhulu esiphathiswayo ekuqhutshweni kwehhovisi .

(a) Isigaba 128 - ukuhlaselwa, ukushaya ngesibhamu esiyingozi

(b) Isigaba 128 - ukuxoshwa kwesikhulu esithunyelwe kungekhona ekwenzeni ihhovisi

(3) Ukungafuni ngokuzithandela umyalelo ovumelekile wesiphathimandla esiphezulu.

(a) Isigaba 92- ukulungiswa kokulalela umyalelo

(b) Isigaba 89- kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhulu esiphezulu sikhululiwe

Isijeziso esikhulu.

(1) Ukushaya, ukudweba, noma ukuphakamisa noma yisiphi isikhali noma ukunikeza noma yikuphi udlame kulesi sikhulu esiphezulu ekuqhutshweni kwehhovisi . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka eyishumi.

(2) Ukungafuni ngokuzithandela umyalelo ovumelekile we-aphathimandla othunyelwe . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka emihlanu.

(3) Ngesikhathi sempi . Ukufa noma esinye isijeziso njengendlela yokulwa nenkantolo kungabhalwa.

Isihloko esilandelayo > Isigaba 91 - Ukuziphatha okuqondene nomphathi we-warrant, isikhulu esingafaneleki, noma isikhulu esincane>

Okungaphezulu Kwamazwi Okuvela Encwadini Yenkantolo Yamacala, 2002, Isahluko 4, Isigaba 14

(iii) Ukuxhumana nomsebenzi wezempi . Lo myalelo kufanele uhlobanise nomsebenzi wempi, okubandakanya yonke imisebenzi edingekayo ukuze ufeze umsebenzi wezempi, noma uvikele noma ukhuthaze ukuziphatha, ukuziphatha, kanye nokusebenza kwamalungu omyalo futhi uxhumane ngokuqondile nokugcinwa kokuhlelekile enkonzweni. Umyalelo kungenzeka, ngaphandle kwenhloso yempi enjalo, iphazamise amalungelo okuzimela noma izindaba zomuntu siqu. Kodwa-ke, okushiwo unembeza womuntu, inkolo, noma ifilosofi yomuntu siqu akukwazi ukuzwisa noma ukuxolela ukungalaleli komyalelo ongekho emthethweni. Ukungalaleli komyalelo onomsebenzi wayo kuphela ukutholakala kokuphela kokuphela kwangasese, noma okunikezwa ngenhloso yodwa yokwandisa inhlawulo yecala okulindeleke ukuthi ummangali enze, akulahlwa ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko.
(iv) Ubudlelwano namalungelo omthetho noma omthethosisekelo . Umyalelo akufanele uhambisane namalungelo omthetho noma omthethosisekelo omuntu othola umyalelo.