Nakuba iningi labantu abavame ukulwa ne-Army, i- Army Reserves , ne-National Guard, umsebenzi wezigameko usakazeke kuwo wonke amagatsha ezempi nakwezinye izindawo kodwa kuvame kakhulu phakathi kwamaqembu amancane abhalisiwe, ngokusho kombiko. Ukulingana kwamagciwane ezinsizakalo ezihlomile kuvame ukucacisa ukuthi kusukela kwabaningi beqembu lezigebengu ezifihliwe ukufihla ukusebenzisana kwabo kanye neziphathimandla zempi bangase bangaqapheli ukusebenzisana kwamaqembu ezinkampani noma bangase bathambekele ekutheni bangabika izimo ezinjalo.
- Kusukela ngo-2004, uMnyango Wezepolitiki we-FBI no-El Paso uhlonze amalungu angama-40 eqembu lamaqembu e-Folk Nation ahlala e-Fort Bliss Army Installation eTexas abesebenzisana nokusabalalisa izidakamizwa, ukuphanga, ukushaya, izikhali, nokubulala, kokubili ukuvala ukufakwa.
- I-Fort Hood , eTexas, izikhulu ze-Army Installation ziye zathola amalungu angaba ngu-40 abayisigameko kusukela ngonyaka ka-2003. Amalungu eqembu le-Gangster Abafundi baseFort Hood babebhekene nokuphanga, ukushaya, ukweba, nokugqekeza.
- Amalungu amaqembu angama-130 namalungu eqembu elixoshwayo ahlonziwe e- Fort Lewis , eWashington, e-Army Installation kusukela ngo-2005. Amalungu eqembu lezigameko kuthiwa abebhekene nezimo eziningi zokuziphatha ezingaziphathi kahle ezibikwe ngesisekelo.
I-FBI ibika ukuthi idatha enembile ebonisa izigameko ezihlobene nezigelekeqe ezenzeka ekufakweni kwezempi kunqunyelwe ngoba impi ayidingi ukubika izibalo zobugebengu ezivela ekuthunyelwe ku- FBI .
Ngenxa yalokho, imininingwane yezempi ebonisa izimo zobugebengu ayifakiwe kwi-Uniform Crime Report (UCR).
Kungani Amalungu Amagundane Ajoyina iMpi
I-FBI ikholelwa ukuthi amalungu eqembu lezigelekeqe angacela ezempi ukuthi abalekele isimo sabo samanje noma indlela yokuphila yamaqembu eqembu. Amanye amalungu eqembu lezigameko angase afune futhi ukuthola izikhali, ukulwa, nokuqeqeshwa kokusekelwa komkhumbi; ukuthola ukutholakala kwezikhali kanye neziqhumane; noma njengenye indlela yokuboshwa. Uma sebeqedile, bangasebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa kwabo empi ngokumelene nezikhulu zokuphoqa umthetho kanye namalungu ezinkampani ezithandanayo. Ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo kwezempi kungaholela ekutholeni izigameko eziningi ezihleliwe, eziyinkimbinkimbi, nezibulalayo, kanye nokunyuka kwezigameko ezibulalayo ezithinta iziphathimandla zomthetho.
- Ngo-May 2005 i-Army iqoqa futhi ilolwa ukuthi ilungu le-Crip linikezwe i-US Army Finance Battalion lapho ehlanganyela khona ekusakazeni izidakamizwa. Ekugcineni wagxothwa e-Army ngokungaziphathi kahle.
- Ngokusho kokubika komthombo ovulekile kanye nokubika okuningi komthetho, amasosha, kuhlanganise namalungu eqembu, afundiswa impi yasemadolobheni empini e-Iraq, kuhlanganise nendlela yokubhekana nesibhamu esinonya.
- I-Defense Criminal Investigative Service ibike ngo-2006 ukuthi amalungu eqembu lezigameko, ikakhulukazi amalungu e-MS-13, akhula ukutholakala kwezempi noma eziseduze nase-US.
- Ngisho noma le nqubomgomo iphula imithethonqubo yokuqashwa kwezempi, izinkantolo zenkantolo zase-US ziye zavumela amalungu eqembu lezigelekeqe ukuba angenele inkonzo njengenye indlela yokuboshwa. Izimo eziningana lapho amalungu eqembu lezigelekeqe eziye zafakwa emisebenzini ehlomile ngenkathi zibhekene namacala obugebengu noma ukuhlolwa kwesibhamu noma ukukhishwa kwesibhamu . Ezimweni eziningi, ilungu leqembu lezigebengu elibhekene namacala obugebengu linganikezwa ithuba lokujoyina amasosha noma ukukhonza isigwebo sejele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abaqashi bezempi baye baziwa ukufihla abantu abaqoqayo ukuze basize izinombolo zabo zokubhalisa.
Ubugebengu obandayo
Ubulungu be-Gang emabuthweni ahlomile bungaphazamisa ukuhleleka nokuhleleka, ukwandisa umsebenzi wezobugebengu kanye nokuvala ukufakwa kwezempi , nokunciphisa ukuphepha kokufaka nokuvikelwa kwamandla. Izigameko zamaGangathi ezibandakanya abasebenzi abasebenza ngokuzikhandla emadolobheni ase-United States noma eduze naseNingizimu Afrika zihlanganisa ukudubula, ukushaya, ukuphanga, ukusabalalisa izidakamizwa, ukwephulwa kwezikhali, ukuphazamiseka kwekhaya, ukuchithwa kwempahla, ukuphanga nokukhwabanisa imali.
Amagundane abuye aziwa ukuthi asebenzisa amalungu asebenzayo-asebenzayo ukuze asakaze izidakamizwa.
- UMnyango Wezepolora wase-Aurora ubika ukuthi ngoJulayi 2006 ilungu leqembu lamaqembu e- Marine reservist kanye ne-Maniac Latin, elalikhonza e-Iraq, libhekene nokuzama ukubulala ekubulaweni kwentsha emithathu e-Aurora, e-Illinois.
- Ngokusho kwedatha yokuphenya ye-FBI, ngo-Ephreli 2006 ilungu legazi kanye nesisebenzi esisebenza ngokuzikhandla e-Fort Lewis kuthiwa uphanga isiteleka se-bowling esisekelweni futhi uyisisulu endaweni yokuphanga ekhaya e-Olympia, eWashington.
- NgoJanuwari 2005 umholi we-Fort Hood kanye nomholi we-Gangster Disciple bahlaselwe ngamacala amabili okuphanga e-Killeen, eTexas. Ngokusho kombiko ovulekile, kuthiwa uqondise amalungu angama-30 kuya ku-40 amalungu e-Fort Hood Gangster abafundi ukuba benze imisebenzi engekho emthethweni kuhlanganise nokusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa, ukwebiwa kwezazisi, nokuphanga okuhlomile.
Isimo esiyingozi
Amalungu amaqembu amacembu aqeqeshwe ngamasosha aphinde asongele izingozi zokuvela emigwaqweni yamadolobha ase-US. Kokubili amasosha amanje nalawa angamaqembu angamaqembu ahlangane nawo adlulisa ukuqeqeshwa kwezempi nokuthola ulwazi labo emphakathini futhi abaqashile ngokumelene neziphathimandla zomthetho, abajwayele ukuqeqeshwa ukuba bahlanganyele nezigelekeqe ezinolwazi lwezempi. Amalungu asegundeni emasosheni ajwayele ukunikezwa ezinkampanini zokusekela ezempi lapho afinyelela khona izikhali neziqhumane. Izisebenzi zezempi zingase zibe izinto ngokubhala ngokungafanele imiyalo yokuhlinzeka noma ngokuqamba amaphepha. Iziphathimandla zomthetho kulo lonke elase-United States ziye zathola izikhali ezikhishwe ezempi kanye neziqhumane - ezifana nezibhamu zemishini nezibhamu - ezivela ezigebengu nasezigumbini ngesikhathi ziqhuba izimvume zokusesha nokuyeka ukuhamba.
- NgoJuni 2006 isosha elibanjwe e-US Army kanye nesilungu esisebenzayo sezitho zamagciwane sathola abasebenzi abangu-60 kuya ku-70 abasolwa ngokuzibandakanya emotweni kanye nokuthengiswa kwezikhali zempi nezikhali. Isosha libike ukuthi abaningi bezisebenzi zempi abaphethe izinhlamvu kanye nokwabiwa kwama-grenade yizi-sergeants ezingamalungu amaqembu asebenza ngamagciwane.
- Ingxoxo kaMeyi 2006 nomuntu owayengumfundi waseMarine naseGolister owayeboshiwe eColorado ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi amasosha angamakhulu kangakanani - abaningi babo ababengamaqembu amagundane - bathe izikhali zempi kanye nemishini futhi basebenzise emigwaqweni yamadolobha ase-US noma bawadayisela amalungu omphakathi asegundwini .
- NgoDisemba 2005 isosha likaZwelonke lokuPhepha libike ukuthi lishushumbise izibhamu eziningana e-Iraq futhi lazithengisa kumthengisi waseBeorgia eGeorgia, ngokusho kolwazi oluvulekile.
- Ngo-May 2006 i-Colorado Department of Corrections, ilungu le-Gangster Disciple ilungu kanye nabangaphambili Marine baxoxela izinzuzo ukuqeqesha ezempi nokuthi kusiza amalungu ezinkampani ekuphanga ebhange, ukuhlasela ekhaya, kanye nokuphikisana namaphoyisa.
- Ukuxoxwa kwezindaba ngo-2006 kwembula ukuthi uMarine, owayeyilungu leNkosi King Cobra, owayemi eCosas Camp Pendleton, wafundisa amalungu eqembu lakhe ukuthi angazibandakanya kanjani emasosheni nezindlela zokuzimela ukuze athole inzuzo. Uphinde wavuma ukuthi wajoyina iMarines "ukufunda ukudubula izibhamu."
Ukusongela Abaxhomekile
Amalungu wegciwane ngokuvamile ahlose izingane ezixhomeke ezitokisini zokuqashwa. Izingane zamabutho zibhekwa njengabazokwazi ukuthola ubulungu bezinkampani ngoba izikhathi ezincane zemikhaya yazo zibenza bazizwe bezodwa, besengozini, futhi badinga ubungane. Abaxhasi bamalungu enkonzo bangabandakanyeka ekusatshalalisweni kwezidakamizwa futhi bahlasele emasimini asezindaweni nasemacaleni. Ukuvikeleka kwelashi ekufakweni okuvulekile kungahle kube lula ukuqasha ngokuvumela amalunga omphakathi amancane ukuba afinyelele phansi futhi ahlanganyele nabasebenzi bezempi kanye nezingane zabo.
- Izikhulu ze-Fort Bragg zibike ukuthi izimo eziningana ezinobudlova ezenzeka eposini zivame ukubandakanya amalungu eqembu lezigameko futhi zidlulisele kuma-nightclub e-post.
- Ngo-May 2005 i-Fort Bragg Provost Marshall (PM) yavala i-Fort Bragg Fair ekuseni ngenxa yokulwa okuningi okubangelwa yizintsha ezikhanyisa izimpawu zeqembu. I-PM yathi izimo ezifanayo nazo zenzeke emthethweni wangonyaka odlule.
- Isosha elikhethekile elisemhlalaphansi kanye noMongameli we-Hells Angels Fayetteville, North Carolina, isahluko njalo uvakashela i- Fort Bragg .
- Abasebenzi bezinhlelo zentsha ye-US Department of Defense (DoD) baye bavuma ukuthi izingane zasempi zithonywa kakhulu yizigebengu. Kodwa-ke, abakhulumeli abaningi bezempi baye baxosha lezi zingane ngokuthi "amalungu eqembu le-wannabe."
- Ngokusho kweHhovisi leNational Policy Drug Control, izikhungo zamasosha e-Continental United States, kanye nezakhiwo zasemaphandleni zasemazweni angaphandle, zenze konke okuhlangenwe nakho kwamagciwane okwenziwa ngabantu abancike emisebenzini.
Ukungena e-Military
Amalungu asegundeni ayaziwa ukuthi angene empini ngenxa yokuhluleka ukubika izinkolelo zamacala ezigebengu ezedlule noma ngokusebenzisa amaphepha okukhwabanisa. Abanye abafake isicelo sebangena ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa bobugebengu njengamajaji futhi amarekhodi abo obugebengu aqinisekisiwe futhi abatholakali kubaqashi abenza uphenyo oluvela emgwaqeni. Abaningi abaqashi bezempi abaqeqeshwe kahle ukuze baqaphele ukusebenzisana kwamaqembu eqembu lezigebengu futhi baqashe amalungu eqembu ngamabomu, ikakhulu uma umfakisicelo engekho irekhodi lobugebengu noma amathrekhi abonakalayo.
- Ngo-Agasti 2006 ilungu leLatin King elivela eMilwaukee lajoyina iMarines ngenkathi lingaphansi kwecala lika-federal for the racketeering. I-recruiter ibike ukuthi naphezu kwenkantolo yecala lokulwa necala, ubelokhu evumelekile ukuya empini ngoba wayengakaboshwa. Kodwa, ekugcineni, wenqatshelwe ukubhaliswa kusuka enkonzweni ngaphambi kokubika umsebenzi.
- Ngo-2006 ilungu le-MS-13 eliseFort Lewis, eWashington libike ukuthi yena namanye amalungu amaningi e-MS-13 ajoyina amasosha ngemuva kokuba umholi wabo we-clique eboshiwe. Isosha libike ukuthi ubhekene necala lokujoyina iqembu lakhe.
- Ngo-2005 ilungu leLatini leNkosi yaseLatin lithengiselwa e-Army eBrooklyn, eNew York, enkantolo, ngesikhathi kulindeleke icala lokuhlasela iphoyisa laseNew York ngensimbi. Ubikwa ukuthi ufundiswe ngumqashi ukufihla ukusebenzisana kwakhe.
- Ngo-2005 iphoyisa laseCalifornia libhekene necala lokuthi laba babambe iqhaza labaqashi bezempi ukusekela ekuqedeni ukuhlolwa kwezinsolo zokuqokwa kwabantu abahlukumezekile.
Umbiko we-FBI uphetha ngokuthi nakuba uvumela amalungu omphakathi ukuba asebenze empini angakhuphula okwesikhashana izinombolo zokuqasha, imiphakathi yase-US ingase ikwazi ukubhekana nokuphazanyiswa kanye nobudlova obangelwa amalungu eqembu lamaqembu eqeqeshwe ezempi emigwaqweni yamadolobha ase-US. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu amaningi eqembu lezigameko ayekade efundiswa ngendlela yokuphila yamaqembu ezinkampani futhi ahlale eqotho kumaqembu amancane. Lokhu kungahle kube yingozi ekubhekaneni nokuphepha kwamanye amabutho ezempi nokuvimbela ikhono lamasosha ahlanganyelwe yizigebengu ukuba enze izinto ezithandekayo ezweni lakubo.
Okwenza Amandla Aphikisana
Ngokuphambene kakhulu nombiko we-FBI, i-Army Criminal Investigation Command (CID), i- Gang Activity Threat Assessment ye-FY 2006 , kubiza ukuthi usongo lwezenzo zamagciwane e-Army low. Umbiko wabo uphetha:
- Ngokubanzi, ukuhlolwa kokusongelwa kwemisebenzi yamaqembu e-Army kubhekwa njengephansi.
- Kunezinkomba ukuthi izigameko zihlala zisebenza emiphakathini ethile yempi. Ngonyaka we-FY 2006, i-CID yaqala uphenyo lwamaqembu angu-16 futhi yabika izigameko ezingu-44 ezihlobene nezigelekeqe ezenzeke ekufakweni kwezempi noma emiphakathini yase-Army.
- Imibiko ekhonjisiwe kunenani elincane lamaSulumane ahilelekile emacimbini noma imisebenzi ehlobene nezigebengu. Kodwa-ke, kuye kwaba nokwanda kwamaphenyo ahlobene nobudlova ku-FY06. Ubudlova obuhlobene negciwane e-FY06 bangela ukulahlekelwa ukuphila kwesinye sebutho lase-US Army Soldier.
- Iningi lezihloko eziphenyweni ezihlobene nezigelekeqe ziyi-junior ezibhalisiwe (E-1-E-4) kanye / noma amalungu omndeni ancike emphakathini omusha. Phakathi nenyanga ka-Okthoba 2003 kuya kuNhlangulana ka-2006, amaphenyo angu-35 e-CID abhekwa njengecala lobugebengu obuhlobene nomphakathi. Akuzange kube khona ama-NCO aphezulu noma amaGosa ahlonishwe kunoma yiziphi izigameko ezihlobene nezigebengu noma uphenyo.
- Imiphakathi yezempi iyaqhubeka ibe yindawo enokusimama, ephephile futhi evumelekile kunabalingani babo basekhaya, ikakhulukazi banikezwe ukulawulwa kokufinyelela kwamuva kanye nezinye izithuthukisi zokuvikela.
- Ukukhula okuningi kwesibhamu ngaphesheya kwe-US kungathiwa ngenxa yethonya le-gang subculture kunokuthi ukufuduka kwamagagasi kwangempela. Imiphakathi eminingi ibhekana nokuqokwa kwamaqembu ahlukumezwe azwe.
- Ukudala amabutho amaningi e-agency kanye namaqembu omphakathi ahlangene kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokulwa nale nkinga. Kodwa-ke, ukwehla kokuxhasa ngemali kanye nokusebenza kwabasebenzi abaningi kuye kwadala izinselele ezintsha emiphakathini yabantu. Ukulinganiselwa kokusetshenziselwa izikhala ezigunyaziwe, ikakhulukazi izindawo zokuhlakanipha zobugebengu, kuye kwaba nomthelela ofanayo kukhono le-CID lokusebenza kule ndawo.