Udlame lwasekhaya olubandakanya amalunga ezempi lungaba yinkinga enzima
Udlame lwasekhaya olubandakanya amalungu e-Civilians and Service
Indima yezempi ekubhekaneni nodlame lwasekhaya ixhomeke kakhulu ekutheni ummangalelwa uyilungu lezisebenzi noma umphakathi.
Uma umhlukumezi engumphakathi, amasosha akanayo ukulawula ngale ndaba. Ezimweni eziningi, wonke amasosha angayenza ukuguqula ulwazi kubantu abaphathi. Abaphathi bamandla banamandla okuvimbela izakhamizi ekufakweni kwezempi , futhi bazosebenzisa lawo magunya ukuvikela amalungu ezempi kubantu abashadile abahlukumezayo, uma kunesidingo.
Uma umhlukumezi eyilungu lezempi, izimo zobudlova zasekhaya ziphathwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene: uhlelo lwezobulungiswa bezempi kanye nesistimu yokukhuthaza umndeni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi yizinhlelo ezimbili ezihlukene.
Uhlelo Lokukhuthaza Umndeni
Ukumemezela Komndeni kuyisimiso sokuhlonza, ukungenelela, kanye nokwelashwa-hhayi uhlelo lokujezisa. Kungenzeka ukuthi iKomidi LokuBeliswa Komndeni lizobuyisela ukutholakala "kokuhlukunyezwa okujulile," kepha kuyoba khona ubufakazi obanele bokuvunyelwa ngokomthetho ukuvumela isijeziso ngaphansi kwezinhlinzeko zobulungiswa bezempi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ukuthi uhlelo lokumemezela umndeni alujabuleli ilungelo lokugcina imfihlo ngaphansi komthetho wezempi (njengabafundisi nabammeli), nobufakazi obuthintekayo, futhi izitatimende ezenziwe ngesikhathi sokuphenywa komndeni wezokumemezela zingase zisetshenziswe emilandweni yobulungiswa bezempi .
Uma lesi sigameko senzekile, ama-ejensi asesidlangalaleni anganikezwa amandla ohlangothini lwezomthetho, kodwa ukugqugquzelwa komndeni kufanele kwaziswa.
Amaphoyisa asendaweni angakwazi noma angabiki lesi sigameko ukuthi asise izikhulu. Izikhulu zeMnyango Wezokuvikela (DOD) okwamanje zisebenzela ukuthuthukisa imemoranda yokuqonda kanye neziphathimandla zomthetho zokusebenzisa umthetho ukuze zenze izinqubo zokubika ezinjalo.
Imithethonqubo kanye nokuphendula emiBhalweni Yodlame lwasekhaya
Imithethonqubo idinga izikhulu zezempi kanye ne-DOD ukuthi zibike noma yikuphi ukusola kobudlova emndenini ku-Advocacy Family, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuncane kangakanani. Kuhlanganisa abalawuli, ama-sergeants okuqala, abaphathi, abasebenzi bezokwelapha, othisha kanye namaphoyisa ezempi.
Ezimweni eziningi, uma uphendula isimo sesimo sasekhaya, umlawuli wamaphoyisa noma umphathi oyedwa uzoyala ukuthi umuntu wezempi ahlale emaphoyiseni / izindlu kuze kube yilapho uphenyo lomndeni luphelile. Kungase kuhambisane nokuhleleka kwezempi, okuyi-oda elilotshiwe elivimbela ilungu lezempi ukuthi lingathintana nesisulu esithintekayo. Izisekelo eziningi zinendlela yokuhlukunyezwa, evikelekile, lapho i-sergeant yokuqala noma umlawuli oyinhloko engabeka khona amalungu omndeni ekubhakeni ngaphansi kwegama eliqanjwe ngamagama.
Uma ubudlova basekhaya bebikwa ku-Advocacy Family, i-ejenti izokwabela umqeqeshi ukuthi ahlole ukuphepha kwesisulu, athuthukise uhlelo lokuphepha, futhi aphenye lesi sigameko.
Kuyo yonke inqubo, abameli bezisulu baqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zezempilo, ezempilo kanye nezidingo zokuvikelwa zikhona. Izikhulu zoMphakathi zoMphakathi zizoxoxa nomxhaphazi osolwayo. Umhlukumezi osolwa ngokumangalelwa waziswa ngamalungelo akhe ngaphansi kwezinhlinzeko zesigatshana 31 seKhodi Elingavamile Yezobulungiswa BaseMpi (UCMJ) futhi akudingeki akhulume neziphathimandla zokuphenya uma engakhethi.
Uma ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantwana kuhilelekile, imithethonqubo idinga ukuthi izakhamuzi zokuvikela izingane zendawo zitshelwe, futhi zihlanganyele kule nqubo.
Ngemuva kokuPhenywa kobudlova basekhaya
Ngemuva kophenyo, leli cala lihanjiswa ekomidini lokubukeza icala lezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene kanye nabameleli abavela ohlelweni lokwazisa umndeni, ukugcinwa komthetho, ummeli wejaji, abasebenzi bezokwelapha kanye nomfundisi.
IKomidi inquma ukuthi ngabe ubufakazi bubonisa ukuhlukumeza kwenzeka futhi bufika kwesinye sezifundwa ezilandelayo:
- I-Substantiated : Icala eliphenywe kanye nokwedluleleka kolwazi olutholakalayo kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kwenzekile. Kusho ukuthi ulwazi olusekela ukutholakala kokuhlukumezeka luyisisindo esikhulu noma oluthe xaxa kunolwazi olubonisa ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa akukenzekanga.
- Kusolwa : Ukuzimisela kwecala kulindele ukuphenywa okuqhubekayo. Ubude bokuphenywa kwimeko ecatshangelwe akumele kudlule amasonto angu-12.
- I-Unsubstantiated : Icala lokusola eliphenywe futhi ulwazi olutholakali alwanele ukusekela isimangalo sokuthi ukuxhashazwa kwezingane kanye / noma ukunganaki noma ukuhlukumeza komlingani kwenzeka. Umndeni awudingi izinsizakalo zoMmeli woMndeni.
Ikomidi lokuBeliswa koMndeni Izincazelo zokuhlukunyezwa
Ukwenza izinqumo, iKomidi isebenzisa izincazelo ezilandelayo zokuhlukunyezwa:
- Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwezingane kanye / noma Ukunganaki : Kuhlanganisa ukulimala ngokomzimba, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzwelo, ukungabikho izidingo, noma ukuhlanganiswa okulimaza noma okusongela inhlalakahle yengane ngumuntu obhekene nenhlalakahle yengane. Leli gama lihlanganisa zonke izenzo kanye nokushiya okuyingxenye yomuntu onomthwalo wemfanelo.
"Ingane" ngumuntu oneminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala, umzali, umbheki, umzali omdala, umnakekeli, isisebenzi sesakhiwo sokuhlala noma omunye umuntu ohlinzeka ngokunakekela ekhaya ngaphandle kokuhlala ekhaya unomthwalo wemfanelo. Igama elithi "ingane" lisho ingane engokwemvelo, ingane eyamukelekile, ingane yokutholwa, umntwana okhulelwe noma isigceme. Leli gama lihlanganisa nomuntu oneminyaka yimuphi ubudala ongakwazi ukuzondla ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwengqondo noma ngokomzimba futhi okwelashwa kwesikhungo sokunakekelwa kwezempi (MTF). - Yenza ukuhlukunyezwa : Kuhlanganisa ukuhlaselwa, ibhethri, usongo lokulimaza noma ukubulala, ezinye izenzo zamandla noma ubudlova, noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzwelo okwenziwe umlingani emshadweni osemthethweni lapho omunye wabalingani engamalungu ombutho noma eseqashwe uMnyango Wezokuvikela ufanelekile ukwelashwa kwi-MTF. Umlingani oneminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala uzophathwa ngaleli gigaba.
Ngokusekelwe ezincomo zekomidi, umlawuli wamaphoyisa uthatha isinyathelo okufanele asithathe mayelana nomhlukumezi. Umlawuli unquma ukuthi ufuna yini ukuthi umuntu enze ukwelashwa kanye / noma afune ukuphoqa izinqubo zokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe ngaphansi kwe-UCMJ. Umlawuli angase afune ukuthola ukukhishwa kwelungu lezisebenzi empi.
Ukuhlukunyezwa Okuhlukumezekile Nemisebenzi Yamasosha Omngane Womshado
Izisulu zivame ukungabaza ukubika ukuhlukunyezwa ngoba besaba ukuthi kuzoba nomthelela kangakanani emsebenzini wabo oshade naye. Umnyango wezokuThuthukiswa koMnyango wezokuVikela wathola ukuthi amalungu enkonzo abike ngokuhlukunyezwa angama-23 amaphesenti amaningi okuhlukaniswa nensizakalo kunabangewona abahlukumezi futhi mhlawumbe amathuba okuba abe nezinye ngaphandle kokuhlonishwa. Abaningi abahlala emasosheni banamathuba amaningi okukhushulwa kancane kancane kunabangewona abahlukumezi.
Ngisho noma icala lobudlova lwasekhaya lusekelwa phansi ohlelweni lwekhotho lobugebengu, ukukholelwa kwecala lobugebengu ngisho nokuhlukumezeka okubandakanya ubudlova basekhaya kungaqeda umsebenzi wezempi welungu lomsebenzi; Ukuchitshiyelwa kwe-Lautenberg ka-1996 ku-Gun Control Act ka-1968 kwenza kube yinto engekho emthethweni kunoma ubani oye wahlukunyezwa ngokuhlukumezeka kobudlova basekhaya ukuze abe nezibhamu. Umthetho usebenza emahhovisi omthetho kanye nabasebenzi bezempi.
Ukuvikelwa kwalabo abashadile nabanakekeli
Abaningi abashadile bezempi abazi ukuthi umthetho wesifundazwe unikeza umlingani wezimali ukuvikelwa kwezimali uma ilungu likhishwa ngenxa yecala elibandakanya ukuhlukunyezwa komlingani okhona manje noma umntwana othembekile. Akunandaba ukuthi ukukhishwa kwesigwebo kungukukhishwa kwesigwebo esibekwe yinkantolo noma ukukhishwa kokuphatha okuqalwe umlawuli. Isihluthulelo ukuthi isizathu sokukhishwa kufanele sibe yecala lokuhlukumezeka.
Igama elithi "kuhilela ukuhlukunyezwa komlingani okhona manje noma ingane ethembekile" kusho ukuthi icala lobugebengu libhekene nomuntu womlingani noma umntwana othembekile. Amacala angase afaneleke ngokuthi "amacala okuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili" anjengokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, ukudlwengula, ukuhlukumezeka, ukushaya, ibhethri, ukubulala nokubulala. (Lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele noma oluphelele lweziphambeko ezihlukunyezwayo, kodwa unikezwa ngezinhloso zokubonisa kuphela.)
Izinkokhelo Zokuhlukunyezwa
Ubude bezinkokhelo angeke kudlule izinyanga ezingu-36. Uma ngabe ilungu lezempi linemisebenzi engaphansi kuka-36 yenkambiso yempi ephoqelekile ngesikhathi sokukhishwa noma ukufakwa kwesigwebo somthetho, isikhathi sokukhokha kuyoba ubude besevisi ephoqelelwe yilungu, noma izinyanga ezingu-12, noma yikuphi okukhulu.
Uma oshade naye ethola izinkokhelo zokushada, izinkokhelo ziphela njengosuku lokushada kabusha. Inkokhelo ngeke ivuselelwe uma ukushada kabusha kuphelile. Uma izinkokhelo kumngane womshado ziphela ngenxa yokushada futhi kukhona ingane encike ekungahlali endlini efanayo nomlingani noma ilungu, inkokhelo iyokwenziwa kumntwana othembekile.
Uma ilungu lezempi elenza ukuxhashazwa lihlala emndenini ofanayo nomlingani noma ingane encike ekutheni isinxephezelo sikhokhelwa, inkokhelo iyophela njengosuku lapho ilungu liqala ukuhlala kulowo mkhaya.
Uma isisulu singumntwana othembekile futhi oshade naye etholakele ukuthi uhlanganyele ekuziphatheni okwenza icala lobugebengu noma ukuba asebenze ngenhloso noma avuselele ilungu lezempi ngokuziphatha okunjalo kumuntu othembekile, lowo oshade naye ngeke akhokhelwe isinxephezelo sesikhashana.
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zesikhashana, uma ilungu lezempi lingenelungelo lokuthatha umhlalaphansi futhi lithinte umhlalaphansi ngenxa yecala lobugebengu, oshade naye angafaka isicelo enkantolo yesahlukaniso ngokuhlukaniswa kwemali ekhokhelwa umhlalaphansi ngaphansi kwezihlinzeko ze-Uniformed Services yangaphambili yokuvikela umlingani Umthetho, kanye nezempi zizohlonipha izinkokhelo. (Qaphela: Ngaphansi kwalesi sihlinzeko, izinkokhelo ezinjalo ziphela ngemva kokushada kabusha).