Isigaba 86: Ukungena ngaphandle kwekhefu
Noma yiluphi ilungu lebutho elihlomile, elingenamandla
(1) ehluleka ukuya endaweni yakhe emisiwe ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe;
(2) ivela lapho; noma
(3) engabikho noma ehlala engekho enyunithi yakhe, enhlanganweni, noma endaweni yokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe; uzojeziswa njengoba inkantolo ingabhalwa.
Izinto.
(1) Ukuhluleka ukuya endaweni emisiwe yomsebenzi .
- (a) Ukuthi umphathi othile wakhetha isikhathi nendawo ethile yomsebenzi kummangalelwa;
(b) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wayazi ngaleso sikhathi nendawo; futhi
(c) Ukuthi ummangalelwa, ngaphandle kwamandla, akwazi ukuya endaweni eqokiwe yokusebenza ngesikhathi esimisiwe.
(2) Ukuhamba endaweni eqokiwe .
- (a) Ukuthi umphathi othile wakhetha isikhathi nendawo ethile yomsebenzi kummangalelwa;
(b) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wayazi ngaleso sikhathi nendawo; futhi
(c) Ukuthi ummangalelwa, ngaphandle kwamandla, uhambe endaweni eqokiwe ngemuva kokubikwa endaweni enjalo.
(3) Ukungabi khona kweyunithi, inhlangano, noma indawo yomsebenzi .
- (a) Ukuthi ummangali akazitholanga ngokwakhe, esenhlanganweni, noma endaweni yomsebenzi okudingeka ukuba abe nayo;
(b) Ukuthi kungekho ngaphandle kwamandla kunoma ubani onamandla okumnika; futhi
(c) Ukuthi kungekho isikhathi esithile. Qaphela: uma ukungabikho kokuqedwa kwaqedwa ngokukhathazeka, engeza into elandelayo
(d) Ukuthi ukungabikho kwakunqanyulwa ukukhathazeka.
(4) Ukushiya ukubukela noma ukuqapha .
- (a) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wayilungu lomqaphi, umlindi, noma umsebenzi;
(b) Ukuthi ummangalelwa akazitholi yena noma umqashi wakhe, umlindi noma umsebenzi wakhe;
(c) Ukungabikho kommangalelwa kwakungekho igunya; Futhi Qaphela: Uma ukungabikho kwakungenhloso yokushiya ummangalelwa, umlindi, noma isigaba somsebenzi, engeza into elandelayo
(d) Ukuthi ummangalelwa uhlose ukushiya umlindi, umlindi, noma isigaba sakhe somsebenzi.
(5) Ukungabikho kweyunithi, inhlangano, noma indawo yomsebenzi ngenhloso yokugwema ukuqhutshwa noma ukuvivinya umzimba .
- (a) Ukuthi ummangali akekho emsebenzini wakhe, inhlangano noma indawo yomsebenzi okudingeka ukuba abe nayo;
(b) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wayengekho amandla;
(c) Ukuthi kungabikho isikhathi esithile;
(d) Ummangalelwa wazi ukuthi ukungabikho kuzokwenzeka ngesikhathi sezinkathi zokwenza imisebenzi noma imisebenzi yokulima; futhi
(e) Ukuthi ummangalelwa uhlose ukugwema konke noma ingxenye yenkathi yokusebenza noma yokusebenza kwensimu.
Incazelo.
(1) Ngokujwayelekile . Lesi sihloko senzelwe ukumboza zonke izimo ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe anikezwe lapho ilungu lebutho elihlomile likhona ngamalungu awona amaphutha hhayi endaweni lapho ilungu lidingeka ukuthi libe khona ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Akudingekile ukuthi lo muntu angabikho ngokuphelele ekulawulweni kwezempi nokulawula. Ingxenye yokuqala yalesi sihloko kuya endaweni ekhethiwe ye-dutyapplies ukuthi ngabe indawo ikhethwe njengendlela ehambelana neziningana noma eyodwa kuphela.
(2) Ulwazi lwangempela . Amacala okwehluleka ukuya nokuya endaweni eqokiwe adingekile ubufakazi bokuthi umsolwa empeleni wayazi isikhathi nesikhundla esimisiwe somsebenzi. Iphutha lokungabikho emsebenzini, inhlangano, noma indawo yomsebenzi ngenhloso yokugwema ukuqhutshwa noma ukuvivinya insimu kudinga ubufakazi bokuthi umsolwa empeleni wayazi ukuthi ukungabikho kuzokwenzeka ngesikhathi sezinkathi zokuhamba noma izivivinyo zensimu. Ukwaziswa kwangempela kungase kuboniswe ubufakazi obunjalo.
(3) Inhloso . Inhloso ecacile ayiyona into yokungabikho okungagunyaziwe. Inhloso ecacile iyisici sokungabikho okungagunyaziwe okungagunyaziwe.
(4) Amafomu agqugquzelwe ukungabikho okungagunyaziwe . Kukhona ukungafani kokungabikho okungagunyaziwe ngaphansi kweSigaba 86 (3) esingathí sina ngenxa yezimo ezimbi njengesikhathi sokungabikho, uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi lapho ummangalelwa engekho khona, kanye nenhloso ethile ehambisana nokungabikho .
Lezi zimo azizona izinto ezibalulekile zokuphula umthetho we-Article 86. Zivele zenze izindaba ezikhethekile ekukhusheni. Lokhu okulandelayo kuphuthumisiwe okungabikho okugunyaziwe okungabikho:
- (a) Ukungabikho okungagunyaziwe okungaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu (ubude).
(b) Ukungabikho okungagunyaziwe kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-30 (ubude).
(c) Ukungabikho okungagunyaziwe okuvela kubalindi, ukubukela, noma umsebenzi (uhlobo olukhethekile lomsebenzi).
(d) Ukungabikho okungagunyaziwe okuvela kubalindi, ukubukela, noma isigaba sokuqashwa ngenhloso yokuyiyeka (uhlobo olukhethekile lomsebenzi kanye nenhloso ethile).
(e) Ukungabi khona okungagunyaziwe ngenhloso yokugwema ukuqhutshwa noma ukuvivinya amasimu (uhlobo olukhethekile lomsebenzi kanye nenhloso ethile).
(5) Ukulawulwa iziphathimandla zomphakathi . Ilungu lamabutho ahlomile liphendukele kubaphathi bezempi ngokucela ngaphansi kweSigaba 14 , ( bheka i- RCM 106) engekho ngaphandle kokushiya ngenkathi ibanjwe yiyo ngaphansi kwalokhu kuhlinzeka. Uma ilungu lamabutho ahlomile, lingekho ngekhefu, noma lingekho ngaphandle kokushiya, ligcinwe, livivinywa futhi lilahlwe yiziphathimandla ezingekho ngaphansi komphakathi, isimo semalunga engekho nekhefu, noma engekho ngaphandle kwekhefu, alishintshi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhathi esingakanani ebanjwe. Ukuthi ilungu lamabutho ahlomile liboshwa yiziphathimandla, noma lihlehliselwa ukuba lihlehlise izingane, noma icala lihlehliswa enkambisweni yobugebengu evamile ngesikhathi sokuhlola akusizizathu zokungabikho okungagunyaziwe, ngoba amalunga angakwazi ukubuya kwakuwumphumela wokungaziphathi kahle ngamabomu. Uma ilungu likhishwa yiziphathimandla ezithintekayo ukuba liphumelele icala, futhi livuliwe ikhefu eligunyaziwe ngesikhathi sokuboshwa noma ukuboshwa, ilunga litholakala enecala lokungabikho okungagunyaziwe kuphela uma kuboniswa ukuthi ilungu empeleni lenze icala eboshiwe, ngaleyo ndlela ebeka ukuthi ukungabikho kwaba umphumela wamalungu ngokwabo okungalungile.
(6) Ukungakwazi ukubuyela . Isimo sokungabikho ngaphandle kwesishiyagalolunye asishintshi ngenxa yokungakwazi ukubuyela ngokugula, ukungabi khona kwezikhungo zokuhamba, noma ezinye ukukhubazeka.
Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi konke noma ingxenye yesikhathi sokungabikho okungagunyaziwe kwakungomqondo owenziwe noma ohilelekile kuyisici ekulandiseni futhi kufanele unikezwe isisindo esifanele uma ucabangela isimo sokuqala sokwephula umthetho. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu eholidini eligunyaziwe, engenacala, engakwazi ukubuyela ekupheleni kwalo, lowo muntu akazange enze icala lokungabikho ngaphandle kokushiya.
(7) Ukunquma iyunithi noma inhlangano yommangalelwa . Umuntu odluliselwa phakathi kwemisebenzi ngokuvamile uthathwa njengokunamathele kulo msebenzi okwenzelwe ukubika. Umuntu onomsebenzi owengeziwe wesikhashana uyaqhubeka njengelungu leyunithi elinikezwe njalo futhi uma lowo muntu engekho emsebenzini wesikhashana, lowo muntu ubengekho ngaphandle kokushiya kuzo zombili izinyunithi, futhi angakhokhiswa ngokungabi khona ngaphandle kwekhefu kusuka kuleyo unit.
(8) Isikhathi . Ukungabikho okungagunyaziwe ngaphansi kweSigaba 86 (3) kuyisenzo esisheshayo. Kuphelile ngesikhathi ummangalelwa ehluleka ukuzimela ngaphandle kwegunya. Isikhathi sokungabikho kuyindaba endala ngenhloso yokwandisa isijeziso esiphezulu esivunyelwe icala. Ngisho noma isikhathi sokungabikho akusikho izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu, kushiwo ngokujwayelekile kwisigatshana sama-86 (3). Uma isikhathi singasolwa noma sisho kodwa singabonakali, ummangalelwa angagwetshwa futhi ajeziswe usuku olulodwa kuphela lokungabikho okungagunyaziwe.
(9) Ukubala kwesikhathi . Ekusebenziseni isikhathi sokungabikho okungagunyaziwe, noma yikuphi isikhathi esiqhubekayo sokungabikho kutholakala ukuthi ama-totals angaphezu kwamahora angu-24 abalwa njengosuku olungu-1; noma yiliphi isikhathi esilingana namahora angama-24 futhi amahora angaba ngaphezu kwama-48 kubalwa njengezinsuku ezimbili, njalonjalo. Amahora wokuhamba futhi abuyele ngezinsuku ezahlukene ahlolelwa ukuthi ayalingani uma engalindelekile futhi eqinisekisiwe. Isibonelo, uma ummangali etholwe enecala lokungabikho okungagunyaziwe kusuka emahoreni angu-0600, ngo-4 Ephreli, kuya kumahora angu-1000, ngo-7 Ephreli wonyaka ofanayo (amahora angu-76), isijeziso esiphezulu sizobe sisekelwe ekungabikho kwezinsuku ezingu-4.
Kodwa-ke, uma ummangalelwa etholakele enecala ngokungabikho okungagunyaziwe kusukela ngo-4 Ephreli kuya ku-7 Ephreli, isijeziso esiphezulu sizobe sisekelwe ekungabikho kwezinsuku ezintathu.
(10) Ukuqeda iziphakamiso zokubuyela ekulawuleni amasosha .
- (a) Ukuzinikezela kumphathi wezempi . Ukuzinikela kwenzeka lapho umuntu ezinikela kunoma yimuphi umphathi wezempi, noma ngabe ilungu lebutho elilodwa elihlomile, uyazisa ukuthi igunya lakhe lingenalo igunya elingenalo igunya, futhi uyathumela noma abonise ukuzimisela ukuzithoba ekulawuleni amasosha. Ukuzinikela okunjalo kuphelisa ukungabikho okungagunyaziwe.
(b) Ukukhathazeka ngamagunya ezempi . Ukukhathazeka yiziphathimandla zezempi zomuntu ongaziwayo oqeda ukungabikho okungagunyaziwe.
(c) Ukulethwa ehhovisi lezempi . Ukuthunyelwa komuntu owaziwa yilowo nalowo ehhovisi lezempi kunqamula ukungabikho okungagunyaziwe.
(d) Ukukhathazeka yiziphathimandla zomphakathi ngesicelo sezempi . Uma umuntu engekho emthethweni eboshiwe yiziphathimandla ezisesidlangalaleni ngesicelo samagunya ezempi, ukungabi khona kwezimali kuyaphela.
(e) Ukuphazamiseka kweziphathimandla zomphakathi ngokuphuma kwesicelo sempi . Uma engekho ezandleni zeziphathimandla zomphakathi ngenxa yezizathu ezithile futhi lezi ziphathimandla zenza ukuba kungabikho khona ukubuyela ekulawulweni kwezempi, ukungabi khona kwezimali kuphelile lapho iziphathimandla zempi zitshelwa ukuthi zingekho khona.
(11) Ukutholakala kokungabikho kweyodwa kokungabi khona ngaphansi kwesichazwe esisodwa . I-Anaccused ingatholakala itholakala enecala lokungabikho okungavumelekile okungafani noma kokubili okungahambisani nokugunyazwa okungaphansi kokukodwa, uma nje kungabikho ukungena kuzo kufakwe phakathi nesikhathi esashiwo kulokho okushiwo ngakho futhi kunikezwe ukuthi umsolwa akazange akhohliswe.
Uma ummangali etholwe enecala lokungabikho okungagunyaziwe kokubili noma okungaphezulu okungagunyaziwe ngaphansi kwesimo esisodwa, isijeziso esigunyaziwe esiphezulu asifanele sidlulele esivunyelwe uma ummangali esetholakala enecala njengoba ekhokhiswa kule nkcazelo.
Omncane wafaka iphutha .
Imizamo yesigaba sama-80
(1) Ukuhluleka ukuya, noma ukuphuma, indawo eqokiwe yomsebenzi . Ukuthengiswa kwezinyanga ezingu-1 nokulahlekelwa kwezintathu ezimbili zikhokhe ngenyanga inyanga eyodwa.
(2) Ukungabi khona kweyunithi, inhlangano, noma enye indawo yomsebenzi .
- (a) Ngezinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu. Ukuthengiswa kwezinyanga ezingu-1 nokulahlekelwa kwezintathu ezimbili zikhokhe ngenyanga inyanga eyodwa.
(b) Ngezinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu kodwa zingapheli izinsuku ezingama-30. Ukulungiswa kwezinyanga ezingu-6 nokulahlekelwa kwezinkampani ezimbili ezikhokhelwa ngenyanga ngenyanga ka-6months.
(c) Ngezinsuku ezingaba ngu-30. Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuvalelwa iminyaka engu-1.
(d) Ngezinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 futhi kuqedwa ukukhathazeka. Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuvalelwa izinyanga ezingu-18.
(3) Ukuqapha noma ukubukela . Ukulungiswa kwezinyanga ezingu-3 nokulahlekelwa kwezinkampani ezimbili ezikhokhelwa ngenyanga ngenyanga izinyanga ezintathu.
(4) Ukuqapha noma ukubuka ngenhloso yokushiya . Ukukhishwa kokuziphatha okubi, ukulahlekelwa yizo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuvalelwa izinyanga ezingu-6.
(5) Ngenhloso yokugwema ukuqhutshwa noma ukuqeqeshwa kwensimu . Ukukhishwa kokuziphatha okubi, ukulahlekelwa yizo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuvalelwa izinyanga ezingu-6.
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Ulwazi oluphezulu oluvela kwi-Manual for Court Martial, 2002, Isahluko 4, Isigaba 10