Ukuhlanganiswa e-United States Military

Ngabe Ubungane Buba Ubugebengu?

Ukwethulwa komthetho ukuphulwa kweKhodi Elingavamile Yezobulungiswa BaseMpi (UCMJ). Iwela ngaphansi kwesigatshana se-Article 134 , futhi ichazwa yi- Manual For Courts-Martial (MCM) . Ngokombiko we-MCM, "izakhi zobufakazi" ngenxa yokwephula umthetho wokubambisana yizi:
  1. Ukuthi ummangalelwa wayethunyelwe noma i-warrant officer;
  2. Ukuthi ummangalelwa uhlanganyele ngokulingana kwezempi kanye nelungu elilodwa noma ngaphezulu elithile elibhalisiwe ngendlela ethile;
  1. Ukuthi ummangalelwa wabe esazi ukuthi lowo muntu kufanele abe (ilungu);
  2. Ukuthi ukuxoxisana okunjalo kuphule umkhuba wenkonzo yommangalelwa ukuthi izikhulu ngeke zihlanganyele namalungu abhalisiwe ngokwemigomo yokulingana kwezempi; futhi
  3. Ukuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo, ukuziphatha kommangali kwakungenxa yokubandlululwa kokuhleleka nokuqondiswa emabuthweni ahlomile noma kwakungokwemvelo ukuletha ukuhlonipha amabutho ahlomile.

I-MCM iyaqhubeka inikeza incazelo eyengeziwe yecala:

Ngokuvamile . Isiqalo salesi senzo sokwephulwa kwendabuko yamabutho ahlomile ngokumelene nokuhlangana. Akuwona wonke oxhumana nabo noma ohlangothini phakathi kwezikhulu kanye nabantu abafakwe ohlwini oluyisipesheli. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi othintana naye noma umhlangano onombuzo uyisenzo sincike ezimweni ezizungezile. Izinto okumele zicatshangelwe zifaka ukuthi ngabe ukuziphatha kuye kwehlisa ukhetho lomyalo, kubangele ukubonakala kokukhetha, noma okungahambisani nokuhleleka okuhle, isiyalo, igunya noma ukuziphatha.

Izenzo nezimo kufanele kube njengokuhola umuntu onengqondo ohlangene nezinkinga zobuholi bezempi ukuphetha ngokuthi ukuhleleka nokuhleleka kwamabutho ahlomile kuye kwaba nomthelela ngokuthambekela kwabo ekunciphiseni ukuhlonishwa kwabantu abafakwe ohlwini lokusebenza, ubuqotho , nezibopho zesiphathimandla.

Imithethonqubo . Imithethonqubo, iziqondiso, kanye nemiyalo ingase ibuye ilawulwe ukuziphatha phakathi kwesiphathimandla kanye nabasebenzi ababhalisiwe kokubili insizakalo yomsebenzi kanye nesisekelo sendawo. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu ababhalisiwe bezinhlu ezahlukene, noma phakathi kwezikhulu zamanqamu ahlukene kungase kuhlanganiswe ngendlela efanayo. Ukuphulwa kwemithetho, iziqondiso, noma imiyalo enjalo kungase kujeziswe ngaphansi kwesigaba 92 .

Izinkinga Ngokusebenzisa i-UCMJ

Ngeshwa, kunezinkinga ezimbalwa esebenzisa u-UCMJ / MCM njengesisekelo samacala. Okokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, i-UCMJ / MCM yenza kuphela ukuxoxisana ngobugebengu kwamaphoyisa aphethwe futhi aqinisekisiwe. Ngaphansi kwezihlinzeko zesigatshana 134, amalungu abhalisiwe ayengakwazi ukukhokhiswa ngalolu cala. Ngenkathi bebengakhokhiswa ngaphansi kwemithethonqubo yesevisi, ngayinye yalezinsizakalo zazinqubomgomo nezinhlobonhlobo ezibanzi kanye nezincazelo mayelana nokuthi yini eyakha "ubuhlobo obungalungile." Ukwengeza, incazelo yalokho okuyiyo futhi engavumelekile ayikhulumi ngokuqondile ku-MCM / UCMJ.

Ngo-Julayi 1998, uNobhala wezokuVikela uWilliam Cohen uqondise izinsizakalo zokuthi "zamukele inqubo efanelana nayo, ecacile futhi eqondakala kalula". UChohen uthe izinqubomgomo ezihlukene ezikhona manje "zonakalisa isimo sengqondo ikakhulukazi njengoba sihambela imvelo ehlangene."

Izinsizakalo ezithunyelwe inqubomgomo zishintsha kuChohen ukuthi wamukele Feb. 3, 1999. Zonke izinqubomgomo ezintsha zisetshenziswe kwimigomo yesevisi efanele. Manje, ngenkathi zonke izinsizakalo zinezinqubomgomo ezizimele, zonke zihlanganyela nezindinganiso ezijwayelekile ngokuphathelene nobuhlobo phakathi kwezikhulu nabasebenzi ababhalisiwe, abaqashi kanye nabasebenzi abangaqeqeshwayo nabaqeqeshi nabaqeqeshi.

Inqubomgomo yokubambisana kwezempi idinga izinguquko eziningi kanye nokucindezela kunabo bonke. Izinqubomgomo ze-Navy ne-Air Force zidinga ushintsho oluncane. Inqubomgomo ye-Marine Corps ayidingi ushintsho.

Zonke izinsizakalo zivimbela ubudlelwane bomuntu siqu nebhizinisi phakathi kwamapholisa namalungu abhalisiwe, ababiza ngokuthi babhekene nokuhleleka nokuhleleka. Ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu buhlanganisa ukuphola, ukuhlala ndawonye, ​​nanoma yiluphi ubudlelwano bocansi. Ubuhlobo bebhizinisi buhlanganisa ukugaya nokuboleka imali nokusebenzisana kwebhizinisi.

Ukulandela ukuphazamiseka kwezinqubomgomo zomsebenzi ngamunye, kufaka phakathi nencazelo yesevisi ngayinye yokuhlanganiswa kanye nezibonelo zobudlelwane obwenqatshelwe.