Isigaba 128Assault
Umbhalo .
"(A) Noma yimuphi umuntu ongaphansi kwalesi sahluko ozama noma ohlinzeka ngemandla engekho emthethweni noma ubudlova ukwenza umonakalo emzimbeni komunye umuntu, noma ngabe umzamo noma isipho siphelile, unecala lokushaya futhi uzojeziswa njengenkantolo yamacala angalula.
(b) Noma yimuphi umuntu ngaphansi kwalesi sahluko ngubani-
- (1) uhlaselela ngesibhamu esiyingozi noma ezinye izindlela noma amandla angase akhiphe ukufa noma ukulimala komzimba; noma
(2) wenza ukuhlaselwa futhi ngenhloso yokufaka umonakalo emzimbeni omkhulu noma ngaphandle kwesikhali; unecala lokuhlaselwa okunzima futhi uzojeziswa njengoba inkantolo ingabhalwa. "
Izinto.
(1) ukuhlaselwa okulula .
- (a) Ukuthi ummangalelwa uzame noma anikele ukwenza umonakalo emzimbeni kumuntu othile; futhi
(b) Ukuthi umzamo noma isipho senziwa ngokusebenza okungemthetho noma ubudlova.
(2) Ukuhlaselwa kugcwele ibhetri .
- (a) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wenza umonakalo emzimbeni kumuntu othile; futhi
(b) Ukuthi umonakalo womzimba wenziwa ngenamandla engekho emthethweni noma udlame.
(3) Ukuhlukumeza ukuvumela isijeziso esikhudlwana esisekelwe esimweni sesisulu .
- (a) Ukuhlaselwa kokuthunyelwe, imvume, isikhulu esingekho emthethweni noma esincane .
(b) Ukuhlaselwa kumuntu othunjelwe noma ukubuka ekusebenzeni komsebenzi, noma kumuntu ekusebenziseni umthetho .
(c) Ukuhlaselwa kusetshenziswe ibhetri phezu kwengane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16 .
- (i) Ummangalelwa uzama ukwenza, azinikezele ukwenza, noma enze umonakalo emzimbeni kumuntu othile;
(ii) Ukuthi ukuzama, ukunikela, noma ukulimala komzimba kwenziwa nge force elingekho emthethweni noma ubudlova;
(iii) Ukuthi lo muntu wayethunyelwe , i-warrant, isikhulu esingaphansi komsebenzi , noma isikhulu esincane; futhi
(iv) Ummangalelwa wabe esazi ukuthi lo muntu uthunyelwe, i-warrant, i-non-commissioned, noma i-petty officer.
- (i) Ummangalelwa uzama ukwenza, azinikezele ukwenza, noma enze umonakalo emzimbeni kumuntu othile;
(ii) Ukuthi ukuzama, ukunikela, noma ukulimala komzimba kwenziwa nge force elingekho emthethweni noma ubudlova;
(iii) Ukuthi lowo muntu wayengumthumeli noma ubheke ekusebenzeni komsebenzi noma kwakungumuntu owabe esebenzela futhi ephethwe ngamapholisa ezokuphepha, amaphoyisa asezempi, olwandle olwandle, ophethe izikhali, noma omunye umthetho wezempi noma womphakathi imisebenzi yokuphoqelela; futhi
(iv) Ummangalelwa wabe esazi ukuthi lo muntu wayengumthumeli noma ubheke ekuqhutshweni komsebenzi noma kwakungumuntu owabe esebenza futhi ephethe ukuphepha kwamaphoyisa, amaphoyisa asezempi, olwandle olwandle, ophethe izikhali, noma elinye lezempi noma imisebenzi yomthetho yomphakathi.
- (i) Ummangalelwa wenza umonakalo emzimbeni kumuntu othize;
(ii) Ukuthi ukulimala komzimba kwenziwa ngokusebenza okungemthetho noma ubudlova; futhi
(iii) Ukuthi lo muntu wayeyingane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16.
(4) ukuhlaselwa okuhlakisayo .
- (a) Ukuhlaselwa ngesikhali esiyingozi noma ezinye izindlela zamandla ezingase ziveze ukufa noma ukulimala komzimba .
(b) Ukuhlukunyezwa lapho umonakalo obulalayo ngokomzimba kuhloswe ngenhloso .
- (i) Ummangalelwa uzama ukwenza, azinikezele ukwenza, noma enze umonakalo emzimbeni kumuntu othile;
(ii) Ukuthi ummangali wenza kanjalo ngesikhali esithile, kusho, noma esebenzela;
(iii) Ukuthi ukuzama, ukunikela, noma ukulimala komzimba kwenziwa nge force elingekho emthethweni noma ubudlova; futhi
(iv) Isikhali, isho, noma amandla esetshenzisiwe ngendlela evame ukuveza ukufa noma ukulimala komzimba.
(Qaphela: Uma kusetshenziswe isibhamu esithwele, engeza into elandelayo)
(v) Isikhali sasiyisibhamu esithwele.
- (i) Ummangalelwa wamshaya umuntu othize;
(ii) Leyo yingozi eyingozi yomzimba yenzelwa lowo muntu;
(iii) Ukuthi umonakalo omkhulu womzimba wenziwa ngokusebenza okungemthetho noma ubudlova; futhi
(iv) Ngaleso sikhathi, ummangalelwa ube nenhloso ethize yokulimaza umzimba. (Qaphela: Uma kusetshenziswe isibhamu esithwele, engeza into elandelayo)
(v) Ukuthi ukulimala kwaba nesibhamu esithwele.
Incazelo.
(1) ukuhlaselwa okulula .
- (a) Incazelo yokushaya . "Ukuhlaselwa" kuwumzamo noma ukunikezwa ngamandla okungekho emthethweni noma ubudlova ukwenza umonakalo komzimba komunye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umzamo noma isipho siphelile yini. Kumele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokulungiswa ngokomthetho noma ukuzithethelela futhi ngaphandle kwemvume evumelekile yomuntu othintekayo. "Ukulimala komzimba" kuchaza noma yikuphi ukuthinta komunye umuntu okucasulayo, noma ngabe kuncane kangakanani.
(b) Ukungafani phakathi kokuzama "nokunikeza" uhlobo lokuhlaselwa .
(ii) Ukunikezwa kohlobo lokunikela . Uhlobo oluthi "ukunikezwa" lukubonisa ukungahambisani nomthetho ngodlame, noma ngesenzo esinqunyiwe noma ngesenzo esingafaneleki noma okushiwo, okufaka engqondweni yomunye ukukhathazeka okunengqondo kokuthola ukulimala komzimba ngokushesha. Inhloso eqondile yokulimaza umzimba akudingeki.
- (i) Ukuhlaselwa kohlobo lokuzama . Uhlobo "lokuzama" ukuhlaselwa lufuna inhloso ethize yokulimaza ngokomzimba, nesenzo esiphezulu-okungukuthi, isenzo esilinganiselwe nje kunokulungiselela futhi ngokusobala sivame ukulimaza umzimba. Uhlobo lokuzama ukuhlaselwa luzozibophezela noma ngabe isisulu sasingenalo ulwazi ngalesi sigameko ngaleso sikhathi.
(iii) Izibonelo .
- (A) Uma i-Doe iguqula ibhande ekhanda likaRoe ehlose ukushaya uRoe kodwa ephuthelwa, u-Doe wenze uhlobo lokuzama ukuhlasela, noma ngabe u-Roe uyazi umzamo.
(B) Uma i-Doe iguqula ibhande ngokuqondile kwekhanda likaRoe ngenhloso noma ngenxa yokungahloniphi icala, futhi uRoe ubona ukushaywa okuzayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela efakwa ekushayweni, u-Doe wenze uhlobo lokunikezela lokuhlaselwa noma ngabe cha U-Doe uhlose ukushaya uRoe.
(C) Uma i-Doe iguqula ikhanda likaRoe, ehlose ukuyishaya, kanti uRoe ubona ukushaywa okuzayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela efakwa ekushayweni, u-Doe uye wazinikela kokubili ekunikezeni kanye nohlobo lokuzama ukuhlaselwa.
(D) Uma i-Doe iguqula ikhanda likaRoe nje yokwesabisa uRoe, engahlose ukushaya uRoe, noRoy akayiboni ukushaywa futhi engabekwa ngokwesaba, ngakho-ke akukho ukuhlaselwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo olwenziwayo.
(c) Izimo ezingafani nokuhlaselwa .
- (i) Ukulungiselela okuningi . Ukulungiswa kungalingani nesenzo esiphezulu, njengokuthatha ithe ngaphandle komzamo noma ukunikela ukuyiphonsa, akuyona ukuhlaselwa.
(ii) Amagama asongelayo . Ukusetshenziswa kwamagama asongayo kuphela akubanga ukuhlaselwa. Kodwa-ke, uma amagama asongelayo ehambisana nesenzo esisongelayo noma isenzo, kungase kube nokuhlaselwa, ngoba inhlanganisela ibonisa ubudlova.
(iii) Izimo zishaya indima ukulimaza . Uma izimo ezaziwa kumuntu osolwa ngokusobala ziphikisana nenhloso yokwenza umonakalo emzimbeni akukho ukuhlaselwa. Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu ehamba nomzamo obonakalayo wokushaya omunye ngesimemezelo esingenakuqhathaniswa ngenye indlela yenhloso yokungalandeli, akukho ukuhlaselwa. Isibonelo, uma i-Doe iphakamisa induku bese iyigwedeza eRoe phakathi nendawo eqhamukayo ithi, "Ukube ubungesiyindoda endala, ngizokugodla phansi," u-Doe akenzanga ukuhlaselwa. Kodwa-ke, ukunikezwa kokulimaza komzimba kwenye indawo ngokushesha uma lowo muntu engahambisani nesidingo lapho lowo ohlukumezayo engenalo ilungelo lokumenza ukuhlaselwa. Ngakho-ke, uma u-Doe ekhomba isibhamu ku-Roe futhi uthi, "Uma ungazinikeli iwashi lakho, ngizokudubula," u-Doe wenze ukuhlaselwa ku-Roe. Bheka futhi - isigaba 47 (ukuphanga) kwalesi sigaba.
(d) Izimo ezingenzi izivikelo zokuhlaselwa .
- (i) Ukuzama ukuhlasela kuhluleka . Akusilo ukuvikela icala lokuhlaselwa okungesizathu esingaziwa kumuntu ohlukumezayo, umzamo wokuhlaselwa uzohluleka. Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu ethwala isibhamu ngalokho okukholelwa ukuthi iyinqoladi enhle futhi, ekhomba ngakwesinye, edonsa umcibisholo, lowo muntu angase abe necala lokushaya nakuba i-cartridge yayingenasici futhi ayizange ifane. Ngokufanayo, uma umuntu endlini ehlenga uphahla endaweni lapho kukholakala khona ukuthi iphoyisa likhona, lowo muntu unecala lokushaya ngisho noma iphoyisa lisendaweni ephahleni.
(ii) Ukubuyisela isisulu . Ukuhlaselwa kuqedile uma kukhona ukubonakaliswa kobudlova kanye nekhono elibonakalayo lokulimala emzimbeni kubangela ukuthi umuntu okukhulunywe ngawo ukuthi afake ngokucacile ukuthi ngaphandle kokuba umuntu abuyele empilweni yomzimba uyokwenziwa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso noma ngabe isisulu siphathwe kabusha futhi sasingakaze sibhekane nendawo eqondile yalowo osolwa. Kodwa-ke kumele kube khona ikhono elikhona elikhona lokulimala. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlela ibhasiksi kumuntu ongekude kangangokuthi ngokusobala akakwazanga ukulimaza ngeke kube ukuhlaselwa.
(2) Ibhethri .
- (a) Ngokujwayelekile . A "ibhethri" ukuhlaselwa lapho umzamo noma ukunikela ukwenza umonakalo emzimbeni kugcwele ukulimaza kwalowo monakalo.
(b) Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla . Amandla asetshenziswe ebhethri kungenzeka ukuthi asetshenziswe ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile. Ngakho-ke, ibhethri ingazibophezela ngokulimaza emzimbeni umuntu ngokushaya ihhashi lapho umuntu ekhishwe khona ebangela ihhashi ukuba lilahle lowo muntu, kanye nokushaya umuntu ngokuqondile.
(c) Izibonelo zebhethri . Kungaba ibhethri ukuphambanisa komunye, ukumisa umuntu wesithathu ngokumelene nomunye, usethe inja kwenye into ehlabayo umuntu, inqume izindwangu zomunye ngenkathi umuntu egqoke yona ngaphandle kokuthinta noma ehlose ukumthinta umuntu, ukudubula umuntu, bangela umuntu ukuba athathe ubuthi, noma ukushayela imoto kumuntu. Umuntu othi, nakuba egunyazwe ekusebenziseni amandla, usebenzisa amandla amaningi kunalokho okudingekayo, wenza ibhethri. Ukuphonsa into ibe yisixuku kungase kube ibhethri kunoma ubani ongezwa into.
(d) Izimo azenzi ibhethri . Uma ukulimala komzimba kubangelwa ngokungenhloso futhi ngaphandle kokunganaki okungafanelekile, akukho ibhetri. Akuwona futhi ibhethri lokuthinta enye ukuheha omunye noma ukuvimbela ukulimala.
(3) Ukuhlelwa kwemvume kuvumela isijeziso esikhudlwana esisekelwe esimweni sezisulu .
- (a) Ukuhlaselwa kokuthunyelwe, imvume, isikhulu esingekho emthethweni noma esincane . Isijeziso esiphezulu sanda lapho kuhlaselwa isithunywa esikhishwe ngamabutho ase-United States, noma kwamandla angaphandle angobungane, noma kwi-warrant, engasetshenzisiwe, noma isikhulu esincane sebutho lempi lase-United States. Ukwaziswa ngesimo somuntu oyisisulu kuyisici esibalulekile secala futhi kungase kuboniswe ubufakazi obunjalo. Akudingekile ukuthi lo mhlukumezi abe mkhulu kunoma ubani noma umyalo kummangali, ukuthi isisulu sibe sebutho elifanayo elihlomile, noma ukuthi isisulu sibe sesikhundleni ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa.
(b) Ukuhlaselwa kumuntu othunjelwe noma ukubuka ekusebenzeni komsebenzi, noma kumuntu ekusebenziseni umthetho . Isijeziso esiphezulu senyuke lapho ukuhlaselwa kuzinikezwa ku-sentinel noma ukubheka ekusebenzeni komsebenzi noma kumuntu okwenza ngaleso sikhathi amaphoyisa aphathelene nokuphepha, amaphoyisa asezempi , ukulandelela ulwandle, inkosikazi ezandleni, noma ezinye izinsizakusebenza zomthetho noma zomphakathi. Ukwaziswa ngesimo somuntu oyisisulu kuyisici esibalulekile salesi cala futhi kungase kuboniswe ubufakazi obunjalo. Bheka- isigaba 38c (4) sencazelo "ye-sentinel noma i-lookout."
(c) Ukuhlaselwa kusetshenziswe ibhetri phezu kwengane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16 ubudala . Isijeziso esiphezulu sikhuphuka lapho ukushaywa komshini ibhetri kuzinikezelwe kwengane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16 ubudala. Ukwaziswa ukuthi umuntu ohlaselwe uneminyaka engaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 akuyona into yalesi senzo.
(4) ukuhlaselwa okuhlakisayo .
- (a) Ukuhlaselwa ngesikhali esiyingozi noma ezinye izindlela noma amandla angase akhiphe ukufa noma ukulimala komzimba .
(b) Ukuhlukunyezwa lapho umonakalo obulalayo ngokomzimba kuhloswe ngenhloso .
(ii) Ezinye izindlela noma ukuphoqa . Inkulumo ethi "ezinye izindlela noma ukuphoqa" ingabandakanya noma yiziphi izindlela noma izinsimbi ezingabhekwa njengesikhali. Lapho imiphumela engokwemvelo futhi enokwenzeka yokusetshenziswa kwanoma iyiphi indlela noma amandla kungaba ukufa noma ukulimala komzimba, kungase kuvezwe ukuthi amandla noma amandla "kungenzeka" ukukhiqiza lowo mphumela. Ukusetshenziswa okwenziwe uhlobo oluthile lwesitsha kungabalulekile kulo mbuzo wendlela yokusebenza kwimeko ethile. Ngakho-ke, ingilazi yebhodlela, ibhiya, idwala, i-adapter yebunk, ucezu lwepayipi, uhlaka lwezinkuni, amanzi abilayo, izidakamizwa, noma isibhamu singase sisetshenziswe ngendlela engase yenze ukufa noma ukulimala komzimba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isibhamu esilahlwayo, lapho sibhalwa njengesibhamu hhayi njenge-bludgeon, asiyona isikhali esiyingozi noma indlela yokuphoqa okungase ibe nomonakalo omubi emzimbeni, noma ngabe lowo ohlukumezayo wayazi ukuthi ulayishiwe.
(iii) Ukulimala komzimba okubuhlungu . "Ukulimala komzimba okudabukisayo" kusho ukulimala komzimba okujulile. Akubandakanyi ukulimala okuncane, njengokungathi umnyama omnyama noma impumulo enegazi, kodwa kufaka phakathi amathambo aqhekekile noma ahlukaniswe, ukusikeka okujulile, amalungu omzimba aqhekekile, ukulimala okukhulu ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi, nokunye ukulimala komzimba.
(iv) Ukufa noma ukulimala akudingeki . Akudingekile ukuthi ukufa noma ukulimala komzimba kubangelwa ukuthi kutholakale isikhali esiyingozi noma izindlela zokulimaza umzimba.
- (i) isikhali esinobungozi . Isikhali sinengozi lapho sisetshenziswe ngendlela eyokwenza ukufa noma ukulimala komzimba.
- (i) Ngokujwayelekile . Kumele kubonakale ukuthi umsolwa ngokuqondile wayehlose futhi wenza umonakalo emzimbeni omkhulu. Ukuzimela kwe-Culpabl ngeke kwanele.
(ii) Ukuveza injongo . Inhloso ecacile ingase iboniswe ubufakazi obunjalo. Uma kwenzeka ukulimala ngokomzimba ngokusebenzisa amandla ngokuzithandela ngendlela yokufeza leyo mphumela, kungase kuvezwe ukuthi ukulimala komzimba kwakuhloswe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokho okushiwo yi-inference kungase kungadonseli uma umuntu eshaya omunye ngombhaqo emgwaqeni wendlela eya emgwaqweni ngisho noma isisulu sehlile ukuze ikhanda lomhlukumezi lithinte i-curbstone ne-skull fracture. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuba wenze lolu hlobo lokuhlaselwa okunzima ngamahlombe, njengalapho isisulu sibhekene nesinye sezihlaseli eziningana ngenkathi abanye bebetha isisulu ngezibhamu zabo bese bephule impumulo, umhlathi noma imbambo.
(iii) Ukulimala komzimba okubuhlungu. Bheka isigatshana (4) (a) (iii).
Abancane babehlanganisa amacala.
(1) ukuhlaselwa okulula . Akukho
(2) Ukuhlaselwa kugcwele ibhetri . Isigaba 128-ukuhlaselwa okulula
(3) Ukuhlaselwa kokuthunyelwe, i-warrant, i-non-commissioned, noma i-petty officer . Isigaba 128-ukuhlaselwa okulula; ukuhlaselwa kugcwele ibhetri
(4) Ukuhlaselwa kwesikhulu somsebenzi noma ukubheka ekusebenzeni komsebenzi, noma kumuntu ekwenzeni imisebenzi yamaphoyisa . Isigaba 128-ukuhlaselwa okulula; ukuhlaselwa kugcwele ibhetri
(5) Ukuhlaselwa kusetshenziswe ibhetri phezu kwengane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16 . Isigaba 128-ukuhlaselwa okulula; ukuhlaselwa kugcwele ibhetri
(6) Ukuhlaselwa ngesikhali esiyingozi noma ezinye izindlela noma amandla angase akhiphe ukufa noma ukulimala komzimba . Isigaba 128-ukuhlaselwa okulula; ukuhlaselwa kugcwele ibhetri
(7) Ukuhlaselwa lapho kulimazwa khona ngokulimala umzimba . Isigaba 128-ukushaya ngesibhamu esiyingozi; ukushaya okulula; ukuhlaselwa kugcwele ibhetri
Isijeziso esikhulu.
(1) ukuhlaselwa okulula .
- (A) Ngokuvamile . Ukulungiswa kwezinyanga ezingu-3 nokulahlekelwa kwezinkampani ezimbili ezikhokhelwa ngenyanga ngenyanga izinyanga ezintathu.
(B) Uma uzibophezele ngesibhamu esilahlwayo . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka engu-3.
(2) Ukuhlaselwa kugcwele ibhetri . Ukuziphatha okungalungile kukhishwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuvalelwa izinyanga ezingu-6.
(3) Ukuhlaselwa kwesikhulu esithunyelwe amabutho ase-United States noma kwamandla angaphandle angobungane, hhayi ekuqhutshweni kwehhovisi . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka engu-3.
(4) Ukuhlaselwa kwesikhulu se-warrant, hhayi ekwenzeni ihhovisi . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuvalelwa izinyanga ezingu-18.
(5) Ukuhlaselwa kwesikhulu esingekho emthethweni noma esincane, hhayi ekwenzeni ihhovisi . Ukukhishwa kokuziphatha okubi, ukulahlekelwa yizo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuvalelwa izinyanga ezingu-6.
(6) Ukuhlaselwa kwesikhulu somsebenzi noma ekubhekelelweni komsebenzi, noma kunoma yimuphi umuntu, lapho kwenziwa ihhovisi, enza amaphoyisa okuphepha, amaphoyisa asezempi, ukulandelela ulwandle, inkosikazi ezandleni, noma eminye imisebenzi yempi noma yomphakathi . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka engu-3.
(7) Ukuhlaselwa kudliwe ibhetri phezu kwengane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16 . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka emibili.
(8) Ukuhlaselwa ngesikhali esiyingozi noma ezinye izindlela zamandla ukukhiqiza ukufa noma ukulimala komzimba .
- (a) Uma uzibophezele ngesibhamu esithwele . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka engu-8.
(b) Amanye amacala . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka engu-3.
(b) Amanye amacala . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka emihlanu.
Isihloko esilandelako > I- Article 129 -I-Burglary>
Okungenhla Kwama-Manual kusuka eNcwadini yeNkantolo yokuPhathwa kweNkantolo, 2002, Isahluko 4, Isigaba 54
- (a) Uma ukulimala kubangelwa isibhamu esithwele . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka eyishumi.