Isigaba 92-Ukuhluleka ukulalela umyalelo noma umthethonqubo
Umbhalo .
"Noma yimuphi umuntu ngaphansi kwalesi sahluko ngubani-
(1) iphula noma ihluleka ukulalela noma yikuphi ukuhleleka okujwayelekile ngokomthetho noma umthethonqubo;
(2) ukuba nolwazi kwanoma yimuphi omunye umthetho ovumelekile okhishwe ilungu lamabutho ahlomile, okuwumsebenzi wakhe ukulalela, uhluleka ukulalela umyalelo; noma
(3) kuphazamiseka ekwenzeni imisebenzi yakhe; uzojeziswa njengoba inkantolo ingabhalwa. "
Izinto.
(1) Ukuphulwa noma ukwehluleka ukulalela umyalelo ojwayelekile ngokomthetho noma umthethonqubo .
(a) Ukuthi kwakunezizathu ezithile zomthetho noma umthethonqubo;
(b) Ukuthi ummangalelwa unomsebenzi wokuwulalela; futhi
(c) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wephule noma wehlulekile ukulalela umyalelo noma umthethonqubo.
(2) Ukuhluleka ukulalela omunye umyalelo ovumelekile .
(a) Ukuthi ilungu lamabutho ahlomile linikeze umyalelo othile;
(b) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wayazi ulwazi lomyalelo;
(c) ukuthi ummangalelwa unomsebenzi wokulalela umyalelo; futhi
(d) Ukuthi ummangali uhlulekile ukulalela lo myalelo.
(3) Ukuchithwa kokusebenza kwemisebenzi .
(a) Ukuthi ummangalelwa ube nemisebenzi ethile;
(b) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wayazi noma kufanele ukuthi wayekwazi imisebenzi; futhi
(c) Ukuthi ummangali (ngokuzithandela) (ngokungahoxiswanga noma ukungabi namsebenzi okungafanelekile) angaphili kahle ekwenzeni leyo misebenzi.
Incazelo.
(1) Ukuphulwa noma ukwehluleka ukulalela umyalelo ojwayelekile ngokomthetho noma umthethonqubo .
(a) Imiyalo ejwayelekile noma imithethonqubo yilawo ma-oda noma imithethonqubo evame ukusetshenziselwa ibutho elihlomile elishicilelwe ngokufanele nguMongameli noma uNobhala wezokuVikela, wezokuThutha, noma loMnyango wezempi, futhi leyo miyalo noma imithethonqubo ngokuvamile isebenza kumyalo sesikhulu esivela kuwo wonke umyalo noma ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu ezithile okukhishwa yi:
(b) Umyalelo ojwayelekile noma umthethonqubo okhishwe umlawuli ophethe igunya ngaphansi kweSigaba 92 (1) ugcina uhlamvu lwawo njengendlela ejwayelekile noma umthethonqubo lapho elinye iphoyisa lithatha umyalo, kuze kube yilapho liphela ngamagama alo noma lihlukaniswa isinyathelo esihlukene, ngisho uma ikhishwa yisikhulu esiphezulu noma isikhulu sezindiza ngomyalo kanye nomyalo kucatshangwa ngenye iphoyisa elingesilo jikelele noma isikhulu sezindiza .
(c) I-oda elijwayelekile noma isimiso somthetho sivumelekile ngaphandle uma kuphikisana noMthethosisekelo, imithetho ye-United States, noma imithetho ephakeme engokomthetho noma ngenxa yesizathu esithile ingaphezu kwegunya lesikhulu elikukhishwayo. Bheka ingxoxo yokweqa umthetho endimeni 14c (2) (a) .
(d) Ulwazi . Ulwazi lwe-oda jikelele noma umthethonqubo akudingeki ukuthi kusolwa noma kuqinisekiswe, njengoba ulwazi aluyona into yalesi senzo futhi ukungabi nolwazi akuyona into evikelayo.
(e) Ukuphoqelela . Akuzona zonke izinhlinzeko ezijwayelekile noma iziqondiso ezingagcinwa ngaphansi kweSigaba 92 (1). Imithethonqubo ehlinzeka kuphela imigqa yokuqondisa-jikelele noma iseluleko sokuqhuba imisebenzi yempi ingeke iphoqelelwe ngaphansi kweSigaba 92 (1).
(i) iphoyisa eliphethe inkantolo jikelele-igunya lokulwa;
(ii) isikhulu esiphezulu noma sefulegi ngokuya; noma
(iii) umlawuli ophakeme kunalo (i) noma (ii).
(2) Ukuphulwa noma ukwehluleka ukulalela omunye umyalelo ovumelekile .
(a) Ububanzi . Isigaba 92 (2) sihlanganisa zonke ezinye izimiso ezivumelekile ezingakhishwa yilungu lebutho elihlomile, ukwephulwa kwalo okungekho icala ngaphansi kweSigaba 90 , 91 , noma 92 (1). Kuhlanganisa ukwephula imithetho ebhaliwe engeyona imithetho ejwayelekile. Bheka futhi isigatshana (1) (e) ngenhla njengoba kusebenza.
(b) Ulwazi . Ukuze abe necala lale cala, umuntu kufanele abe nolwazi lwangempela lohlelo noma umthethonqubo. Ulwazi lohlelo lungase luboniswe ubufakazi obunjalo.
(c) Umsebenzi wokulalela umyalo .
(i) Kusukela kumuntu ophakeme . Ilungu lebutho elilodwa elihlomile eliphakeme elibhekele ilungu lenye ibutho elihlomile lingumphathi walowo malungu onegunya lokukhipha imiyalo lelo lungu elinomsebenzi wokulalela ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo njengesikhulu esithunywe yiqembu elilodwa elihlomile isiphathimandla esiphezulu se-ilungu le-elinye ibutho elihlomile ngenhloso yezigaba 89 , no- 90 . Bheka isigaba 13c (1) .
(ii) Kusukela komunye hhayi ophakeme . Ukwehluleka ukulalela umyalelo womuntu ongekho omkhulu kunecala ngaphansi kweSigaba 92 (2), uma ummangalelwa enesibopho sokulalela umyalelo, njengaleyo ekhishwe ngummeli noma ilungu lamaphoyisa ahlomile.
Bheka isigaba 15b (2) , uma ngabe i-oda linikezwe iwaranti, engenziwanga umthetho, noma isikhulu esiphezulu ekuqhutshweni kwehhovisi.
(3) Ukuchithwa kokusebenza kwemisebenzi .
(a) Umsebenzi . Umsebenzi ungasungulwa isivumelwano, umthetho, umthethonqubo, umyalelo ovumelekile, inqubo yokusebenza evamile, noma umkhuba wenkonzo.
(b) Ulwazi . Ulwazi lwangempela lwemisebenzi lungaboniswa ubufakazi obunjalo. Ulwazi lwangempela aludingeki luboniswe uma ngabe umuntu kufanele abe nolwazi ngemisebenzi. Lokhu kungaboniswa ngemigomo, ukuqeqeshwa noma imiqulu yokusebenza, amasiko enkonzo, izincwadi zemfundo noma ubufakazi, ubufakazi babantu abaye baphatha isikhundla esifanayo noma esiphakeme, noma ubufakazi obufanayo.
(c) Ukuhlukunyezwa . Umuntu uphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi lapho lowo muntu ngokuzithandela noma ngokunganaki ehluleka ukwenza imisebenzi yalowo muntu noma uma lowo muntu enza ngendlela engafanele. "Ngokuzithandela" kusho ngokuzithandela. Ngikhuluma ngokwenza isenzo ngokuziqhenya nangenhloso, ngokuqondile ukuhloswe ngemiphumela yemvelo kanye nemingcele yalesi senzo. "Ukunganaki" kuchaza isenzo noma ukushiyeka komuntu onesibopho sokusebenzisa ngokucophelela okubonisa ukungabi nalesi sikhundla sokunakekelwa okungenzeka ukuthi umuntu ohlakaniphile wayeyosebenzisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo noma ezifanayo. "Ukungasebenzi kahle" akusebenzi kahle okungekho okucacile noma okuwukuphela kwesizathu.
(d) Ukungabi nalutho . Umuntu akaphikisiwe ekusebenzeni imisebenzi uma ukwehluleka ukwenza leyo misebenzi kubangelwa ukungabi nalutho kunokuba kube nokuthanda, ukunganaki, noma ukungabi namakhono okungafanele, futhi angeke akhokhiswe ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko, noma ngenye indlela ujeziswe. Isibonelo, umqashi oye wazama ngobuqotho ngenkathi kuqeqeshwa isibhamu kanye nokudutshulwa kwamarekhodi akukwenzeki ukufeza imisebenzi uma lowo muntu ehluleka ukuthola izikhali.
Omncane wafaka iphutha.
Isigaba sama-80- izikhathi
(1) Ukuphulwa noma ukwehluleka ukulalela ukuhleleka okujwayelekile ngokomthetho noma umthethonqubo . Ukukhishwa okungenakukhunjulwa, ukuchithwa kwazo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuboshwa iminyaka emibili.
(2) Ukuphulwa kokuhluleka ukulalela omunye umyalelo ovumelekile . Ukukhishwa kokuziphatha okubi, ukulahlekelwa yizo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuvalelwa izinyanga ezingu-6.
Qaphela: Ngokuba (1) no (2), ngenhla, isijeziso esishiwo asisebenzi emacaleni alandelayo: uma kungekho khona umyalo noma umthethonqubo owaphulwa noma ongalaleli ummangali uzobe ehambisana namaqiniso afanayo ukukholelwa kwesinye isenzo esithile esithile esilungiselelwe isijeziso esincane; noma uma ukwephulwa noma ukwehluleka ukulalela ukuphulwa komthetho okubekiwe ngenxa yomyalelo. Kulezi zimo, isijeziso esiphezulu yilokho okushiwo ngokuqondile kulolo cala.
(3) Ukuchithwa kokusebenza kwemisebenzi .
(A) Ngokungahoxiswa noma ukungabi naso kahle . Ukuqothulwa kwezintathu ezimbili kubhadela ngenyanga izinyanga ezintathu nokuvalelwa izinyanga ezintathu.
(B) ngokuzithandela . Ukukhishwa kokuziphatha okubi, ukulahlekelwa yizo zonke izinkokhelo kanye nezibonelelo, nokuvalelwa izinyanga ezingu-6.
Isihloko esilandelayo > Isigaba 93 -Ukuhlukunyezwa nokuhlukunyezwa>
Okungenhla Kwama-Manual kusuka eNcwadini yeNkantolo yokuPhathwa kweNkantolo, 2002, Isahluko 4, Isigaba 16