Umthetho we-Civil Relief Act ka-1918
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango, i-United States Congress yenza isimemezelo esiphezulu ezindabeni zomphakathi ezalethwa namasosha aseFrance nabasolwandle, futhi amazwe ahlukahlukene aseNingizimu asungula umthetho ofanayo.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe I, iCongress yadlulisa umthetho we- Soldiers 'and Sailors' Civil Relief Act ka-1918. Isimiso sika-1918 asizange senze ukuziphatha ngokumelene namalungu ensizakalo, kodwa siqondise izinkantolo zamacala ukuba zithathe noma yikuphi ukulingana okudingekayo lapho amalungelo elungu lomsebenzi ehileleke ekuphikisaneni.
Ngo-1940, umthetho wawubhaliswa kabusha ngokuphelele, ukwandisa izivikelo zomthetho kumalungu enkonzo. Okuhlangenwe nakho phakathi neMpi Yezwe II kanye nezingxabano ezilandelwayo ezalandela kwenziwa izinguquko ezithile esimweni esiyimfuneko. Ukuqala kwalezi zichibiyelo kwaba ngumthetho ngo-1942. Ngokuchibiyela uMthetho, iCongress yathonywa, ngokuyinhloko, ngesifiso sokwedlula izinqumo zenkantolo ukuthi, kwezinye izimo, kwakuholele ekuchazeni okushiwo uMthetho. Isenzo saqhubeka sithola izinguquko eziningana eziningana eminyakeni
Amalungu Amasevisi Osizo Lokusiza Abantu
Ngo-2003, uMthetho Wezinsizwa Zama-Soldiers and Sailors Civil Relief wabhalwa kabusha futhi wabizwa futhi ngokuthi yiMisebenzi Yomphakathi Yenkululeko Yomphakathi .
Umthethosivivinywa usayinwe ngumthetho nguMongameli Bush ngomhla kaDisemba 19, 2003. Lona ngumthetho olawula manje ukuvikelwa ngokomthetho kwamalungu e- United States Military .
Ama-reservists kanye namalungu e- National Guard (uma esebenza e-federal esebenzayo) nawo avikelwe ngaphansi kwe-SSCRA. I-SSCRA (yalabo bonke) iqala ngosuku lokuqala lomsebenzi osebenzayo, okusho ukuthi uma umuntu ehambisa ukuqeqesha okuyisisekelo (Ukuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo kanye nesikole somsebenzi kubhekwa njengomsebenzi osebenzayo kubasebenzi abaPhezulu nabasebenzi baseGoli, kanye nabasebenzi abasebenza ngokusebenza).
Okunye ukuvikelwa ngaphansi kwesenzo kunweba isikhathi esilinganiselwe ngaphandle kokukhishwa komsebenzi noma ukukhululwa kodwa kuhlanganiswe nosuku lokukhishwa / ukukhishwa. Ukwengeza, okunye kokuvikela kukaMthetho kudluliselwa kwabathembeki bamalungu.
Amalungu kaKwaZulu-Natali akhumbula ukuthi umsebenzi kaHulumeni nawo avikelwe yi-Member Relief Society Relief Act ngezimo ezithile. Amalungu eSigceme Sikazwelonke anelungelo lokuvikelwa kwe-SCRA uma ebizwa ukuba asho umsebenzi osebenzayo ngaphansi kwesihloko 32, uma umsebenzi ungenxa yokuphuthumayo okusemthethweni, isicelo sokusebenza okusebenzayo senziwa nguMongameli noma uNobhala Wezokuvikela, futhi ilunga lisebenza isikhathi eside izinsuku ezingu-30. Isibonelo salokhu kungaba amalungu eNational Guard, asetshenziswe yizizwe, ngesicelo sikaMengameli, ukuhlinzeka ngokuphepha kwezindiza ngemuva kwe-9-11.
Ukuqedwa kokuqashiswa kwezindlu zokuhlala
I-SCRA ivumela abantu ukuba baphule ukuqashwa lapho beya emsebenzini osebenzayo uma ukuqashwa kungena ngaphambi kokuqhubeka emsebenzini osebenzayo. Ukwengeza, lesi senzo sivumela ilungu lezinsizakalo ukuba liqede ukuqashiswa okuhlala ngaphakathi ngesikhathi sezempi uma ilungu lithola ukuguqulwa okungapheli kwesigatshana (PCS), noma imiyalo yokuhambisa isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-90.
Lesi sivikelo sihlanganisa "ukuqashiswa kwezakhiwo ezithintekayo, noma okuhloswe ukuba kube khona, ilungu lezisebenzi noma abaxhomeke kulungu lomsebenzi ngenhlalakahle, ezobuchwepheshe, ibhizinisi, ezolimo noma injongo efanayo."
Ukuqeda ukuqashwa ngaphansi kwalezi zinhlinzeko, ilungu lezisebenzi kufanele lifake isicelo ngokubhala futhi kufanele lifake ikhophi yemiyalo yabo (ama-oda ababeka emsebenzini osebenzayo, imiyalo ye-PCS, noma imiyalelo yokuthunyelwa). Ilunga linganikeza isaziso ngesandla, nge-carrier yenethiwekhi, noma ngeposi (iresidi yokubuyela eceliwe).
Usuku lokuphelelwa isikhathi sokuqashisa oludinga ukuqashwa ngenyanga, usuku lokuqala lokuphelelwa usuku luyizinsuku ezingu-30 ngemuva kokuqala kokukhokhwa okulandelayo, ngemuva kwesaziso esifanele sokuqedwa kokuqashiswa. Isibonelo, uma uSgt John ekhokhela indawo yakhe yokuqasha ngenyanga yokuqala, futhi uyazisa umninikhaya wakhe (futhi unikeza umninikhaya ikhophi yemiyalo yakhe), ngo-18 kaJuni, ukuthi ufisa ukuqeda ukuqashisa ngaphansi kwemibandela i-SCRA, usuku lokuphela lokuphelelwa yisikhathi ngo-Agasti 1 (isakhiwo esilandelayo sizoba ngo-Julayi 1, nezinsuku ezingu-30 kamuva ku-Agasti 1).
Uma kungenye enye ilungiselelo, ngaphandle kwerenti yenyanga, ukuqedwa kokuqashiswa kokuqashisa kungukuphela kwenyanga, kulandela inyanga lapho isaziso sinikezwa khona. Ngakho-ke, uma isaziso sinikezwa ngo-Juni 20, usuku lokuphela lokuphela kwesikhathi luzoba ngoJulayi 31.
Ngivame ukubuza, "Kuthiwani uma kukhona abanye abantu abaqashisayo? Ubani okufanele akhiphe intela?" Awukho umninikhaya, okuqinisekile. Futhi, hhayi ilungu lezevisi. I-SCRA ayithuli kule ndawo. Ezingxenyeni eziningi, lo mthwalo cishe uzowa kulabo abahlala nabo. Kungase kudingeke ukuba benze isabelo somuntu wezempi sendawo yokuhlala noma bathole omunye ohlala naye. I-SCRA inikeza ilungu lezempi ilungelo lokuqeda ingxenye yakhe yokuqashisa ekuqaleni, kodwa umthetho awudingi umninikhaya ukuba anciphise inani lokuqashiswa kwenani lomhlaba, futhi umthetho awuvimbeli izakhamuzi ezingezona ezempi ezingezona ezempi ( ngaphandle, uma kunjalo, bangabantu abancike emthethweni belilunga).
Ukuqashiswa Kwezimoto
Amalungu aseMpi angase aqede nokuqashisa izimoto ezimweni ezithile. Njengalabo abaqashisayo ukuhlala, uma ilunga lingena emotweni yezimoto ngaphambi kokuba liqhubeke nomsebenzi osebenzayo, ilungu lingase licele ukuqedwa kokuqashiswa lapho eqhubeka nomsebenzi osebenzayo. Nokho, ukuze lokhu kusebenze, umsebenzi osebenzayo kufanele ube okungenani izinsuku eziyi-180 eziqhubekayo. Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu ejoyina i-Reserves, futhi enemiyalo yokuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo nesikole sobuchwepheshe, okuphelele okwakunezinsuku ezingu-120 kuphela, wayengakwazi ukuqeda ukuqashiswa kwemoto ngaphansi kwalesi senzo.
Ukwengeza, amalungu ezempi enza ukuguqulwa okuqhubekayo kwesiteshini (PCS), noma ngubani ohambisa izinsuku ezingu-180 noma ngaphezulu angaqeda ukuqashiswa okunjalo.
Lesi senzo sihlanganisa ngqo "ukuqashiswa kwemoto esetshenzisiwe noma okuhloswe ukuthi kusetshenziswe, ilungu lezevisi noma abaxhomeke kulungu lezinsizakalo zokuthutha komuntu siqu noma ibhizinisi."
Ukuqeda ukuqashwa, ilungu kumele lenze isicelo ngokubhala, kanye nekhophi yama-oda. Ilunga linganikeza isaziso ngesandla, nge-carrier yenethiwekhi, noma ngeposi (iresidi yokubuyela eceliwe). Ukwengeza, ilungu kumele libuyisele imoto engaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesaziso sokuqeda.
Umncane ongavunyelwe ukushaja imali yokuqala yokuqashisa ukuqashwa. Kodwa-ke, noma yiziphi izintela, ama-summons, kanye nesihloko nemali yokubhalisa nanoma yisiphi esinye isibophezelo kanye nemfanelo yomqashi ngokuhambisana nemigomo yokuqashisa, kufaka phakathi amacala afanelekayo kumqashiseli wokugqoka ngokweqile, ukusetshenziswa kanye ne-mileage, okumele akhokhwe futhi engakhokhiwe isikhathi sokuqeda ukuqashiswa kuyokhokhwa ngumqashi.
Ukukhishwa Emakhaya Aqashiwe
Ilungu lezevisi lingase lifune ukuvikelwa ekuxosheni ngaphansi kwe-SSCRA. Impahla eqashiwe / eqashisiwe kufanele ihlale ilungu lensizakalo noma labo abaxhomeke kuyo ngenhloso yokwakha izindlu, futhi ukuqashwa akukwazi ukudlula iRandi 2,400 (ngo-2004 - inani langempela lilungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo ngonyaka ngamunye, ngokulinganiselwa kwezinga lentengo). Ilungu lezevisi noma othembekile othola isaziso sokuxoshwa kumele athumele isicelo enkantolo ukuze avikele ngaphansi kwe-SSCRA. Uma inkantolo ithola ukuthi imisebenzi yezempi yelungu lezemisebenzi iye yakhathaza amandla akhe okukhokha intela yayo ngesikhathi esifanele, ijaji lingalawula ukuhlala, ukuhlehliswa, ukuxoshwa okuqhubekayo izinyanga ezintathu noma ukwenza noma yikuphi okunye "okulungile".
Izivumelwano zokufaka
I-SCRA inikeza ukuvikeleka okuthile ngokumelene nokubuyiswa kwezivumelwano zokufaka isitifiketi (kubandakanya ukuqashiswa kwemoto). Uma inkontileka ingenwe ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nomsebenzi osebenzayo futhi okungenani inkokhelo eyodwa yenziwe ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, umbolekisi akakwazi ukuphinda aphinde abuyele impahla, ngenkathi ilungu lisebenza emsebenzini, futhi angakwazi ukuqeda isivumelwano sokuphula umthetho , ngaphandle kwenkantolo .
Isilinganiso senzalo esingu-6%
Uma insizakalo yemilungu yelungu lomsebenzi isithinte ikhono lakhe lokukhokha ngezibopho zezezimali ezifana namakhadi esikweletu, izikweleti, imali yokukhokhela imali, njll, ilungu lezevisi lingakwazi ukuba nesilinganiso senzalo sakhe sithathwe ngo-6% isibopho sempi.
Izikweleti ezifanelekile ziyizikweletu ezibekwe yilungu lezinsizakalo, noma ilungu lezisebenzi nomlingani wabo, ngokubambisana, ngaphambi kokuza emsebenzini osebenzayo. Izindleko ezangena ngemuva kokuqhubeka nomsebenzi osebenzayo azivikelekile kakhulu.
Qaphela ukuthi le nhlinzeko ethile yesenzo isasebenza kuphela uma insizakalo yempi yelungu lezevisi ithinta ikhono labo lokukhokha. Kodwa-ke, umthwalo kumuntu obolekisayo ukuthi afune usizo enkantolo uma umbolekisi ekholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi wezempi welungu lomsebenzi awunamthelela ekutheni akwazi ukukhokha. Umbolekisi kufanele avumelane ngaphandle kokuthi athole umyalelo wenkantolo okusho ngenye indlela.
Ukuze isibopho noma umthwalo welungu lezinsizakusebenza lingaphansi kwesilinganiso semali yesithakazelo, ilungu lezisebenzi kufanele lihlinzeke ngesaziso esibhaliwe somkweletu kanye nekhophi yemithetho yezempi ebiza ilungu lezevisi ukuya empini kanye nanoma yimiphi imiyalo eqhubekayo yokwandisa impi insizakalo, kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-180 ngemuva kosuku lokuqedwa kwamalungu enkonzo noma ukukhululwa emisebenzini yempi.
Ngemuva kokuthola isaziso, umklomelo kufanele anciphise izinga lokutshengisa intshisekelo kumaphesenti angama-6, asebenze usuku lokuqala lomsebenzi osebenzayo (ngisho noma i-servicemember yenza isicelo esikhathini esizayo).
Umthetho uthi ngokungenasithakazelo akukho nentshisekelo engaphezulu kwamaphesenti ayisithupha angakuthola izibopho zezikweletu ngenkathi esebenza ngokugcwele (izikweleti ezenziwa ngaphambi kokuya emsebenzini osebenzayo), futhi leyo nzalo angeke ibe khona uma nje ilungu lezevisi lishiya umsebenzi osebenzayo (lokho kwakuyiqhinga " "abanye ababolekisi bazama ngaphansi komthetho omdala) - kunalokho ukuthi ingxenye engaphezulu kwamaphesenti ayisithupha ixolelwe unomphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhokhelwa kwenyanga kufanele kuncishiswe ngenani lentandokazi elondolozwe ngenkathi ehlanganisiwe.
Izinqubo zeNkantolo
Uma ilungu lezisebenzi lingummangalelwa enkantolo yombuso, inkantolo ingase (phawula igama elithi "kungenzeka"), ngokuzithoba kwayo, unikeze ukuhlala kwezinsuku ezingu-90 (ukubambezeleka) ekuqhutshweni. Uma ilungu lezisebenzi licela ukuhlala, inkantolo kumele inikeze ukuhlala okungenani izinsuku ezingu-90, uma:
- I-servicemember inika incwadi noma enye yokuxhumana ebeka amaqiniso echaza indlela okudingeka ngayo imisebenzi yamanje yempi yempilo ithinte ikhono lika-servicemember lokuvela futhi libike usuku lapho i-servicemember izotholakala khona; futhi
- I-servicemember inikeza incwadi noma olunye ulwazi oluvela kumphathi we-servicemember othi umsebenzi wezempi wamanje we-servicemember uvimbela ukubukeka nokuthi ukushiya kwezempi akugunyaziwe ku-servicemember ngesikhathi sencwadi.
Ukuhlinzekwa kusebenza kumacala omthetho, izikhwama zokubambisana, izikhwama zokugcinwa kwabantwana, kanye nemihlangano yokuboleka / yokukweleta, kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha.
Isenzo esisha sisho ngokucacile ukuthi i-servicemember ekhuluma nenkantolo ecela ukuhlala ayikho ukubonakala kwezinhloso zomthetho futhi ayiyona inhlawulo yokuvikela noma ukulandela inqubo (kubandakanya ukuvikela okuphathelene nokuntuleka komuntu siqu). Ngaphansi kwesenzo esidala, ezinye izinkantolo zathi ukuxhumana nje nenkantolo (okusho ukuthi, ukucela ukuhlala, kusho ukuthi ilunga lavuma ukugunyazwa kwenkantolo).
Ilungu lezevisi elinikezwa ukuhlala lingase licele ukuhlala okungeziwe uma engabonisa ukuthi izidingo zempi zithinta ikhono lakhe lokuvela (incwadi yomlawuli nayo iyadingeka). Noma kunjalo, inkantolo ayibophekile ukunikeza ukuhlala okwengeziwe.
Uma inkantolo yenqaba ukuqhubeka nokuhlala okuqhubekayo, inkantolo kufanele iqoke iseluleko sokumelela ilungu lezisebenzi ekwenziweni noma ekuqhubekeni.
Uma isinqumo esizenzakalelayo singena esenzweni somphakathi ngokumelene nelungu lezinsizakalo ngenkathi ilungu lezisebenzi zomsebenzi wezempi (noma kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-60 ngemuva kokuqedwa noma ukukhululwa kuleyo nsizakalo yempi), inkantolo efaka isahlulelo kufanele, uma isetshenziswe noma egameni lelungu lezevisi, ukuvula kabusha isahlulelo ngenhloso yokuvumela ilungu lensizakalo ukuba livikele isenzo uma kubonakala sengathi--
- ilungu lenkonzo lathinteka ngokweqile ngenxa yalowo msebenzi wezempi ekuziphenduleleni esenzweni; futhi
- ilungu lezevisi linokuzivikela okusemthethweni noma okusemthethweni kulo msebenzi noma ingxenye ethile yalo.
Ukuphoqelela Imithwalo, Imali, Imali
Ilungu lezevisi noma othembekile, nganoma isiphi isikhathi phakathi nenkonzo yakhe yempi , noma ezinyangeni ezingu-6 emva kwalokho, afaka isicelo enkantolo ukuze kutholakale noma yikuphi ukubophezela noma inkokhelo eyenziwe yilungu lezevisi noma othembekile ngaphambi kokusebenza okusebenzayo noma ngokuqondene nanoma yiliphi intela noma ukuhlolwa noma ukuwa ngesikhathi noma ngaphambi kwenkonzo yezempi esebenzayo yelungu lenkonzo. Inkantolo inganikeza ukugcinwa komthetho ngesikhathi sokuthi akukho nhlobo noma inhlawulo ingaqhubeka.
Ukwengeza, lesi senzo sivimbela amalungu enkonzo ngendlela yokukhokhiswa okuphindwe kabili engenzeka uma enomlingani osebenza futhi ekhokhwa intela kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwesimo lapho bahlala khona ngokuhlala unomthetho. Umthetho uvimbela ukususela ekusetshenziseni imali engenayo eyilungu lezinsizakalo ekunqumeni izinga lokukhokhwa komlingani uma bengagcinanga ukuhlala kwabo ngokomthetho kuleso simo.
Amalungelo Wokuqashwa
Ngokuphambene nalokho abantu abaningi abakubakholelwa, akukho amalungiselelo okuLungelo Lokuqashwa njengengxenye yamaSulumane kanye nabasolwandle abasebenzisa umphakathi. Amalungelo okuqashwa angumthetho ohlukile ngokuphelele, Umthetho Wezinsizakusebenza Zokusebenza Nokusebenza Kwemisebenzi Ka-1994 (USERRA) .