Ngemva kokuphoqa ndawonye umlando omfushane we- Seabees ne- Army Corps of Engineers , sacabanga ukuthi singakwazi ukwandisa lokho kancane, futhi sihlanganise kancane ubuciko be-Military Engineering, bese sihlukanisa namagatsha enkonzo. Kodwa sabuyela emuva - senza amagatsha ngamanye kuqala, ke ukubuka jikelele.
Ubunikazi bezempi buhle kakhulu noma yikuphi umsebenzi wezinjini ezenziwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiyiphi ingxenye noma isevisi, lapho inhloso / umgomo / ukuhlela isimo semvelo sokusekela ukuqhutshwa kwamandla ngokugcwele - ukuphinda uguquke, kuyindlela yokuklama futhi ukwakha imisebenzi yempi nokugcina imigqa yokuthutha ezempi nokuxhumana.
Ifa lemishini yobunjiniyela libuyela emuva ekuqalisweni kokuqala kwamabutho ahleliwe - empini yempi yaseMesopotamiya yasendulo, eNdiya, eGibhithe, ePheresiya, eGrisi naseRoma, abanikazi bezempi abanekhono bafaka umgogodla wendima yenzalo yabo yanamuhla. AmaRoma aseMandulo acatshangelwa ukuba mhlawumbe abe yimpucuko yokuqala yokuba namandla azinikezele ochwepheshe bezobunjiniyela bezempi. Ubunikazi bezempi yiyona endala kunazo zonke zamakhono zobunjiniyela futhi kwakuyimpumelelo yomsebenzi wezobunjiniyela bomphakathi (umsebenzi wokwakha nokwenza imisebenzi ehleliwe ekhonza umphakathi).
Ezikhathini zanamuhla, ubunjiniyela bezempi ngokuvamile bahlukaniswe imisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko
- Ubunjiniyela bokulwa - ubunjiniyela empini.
- Ukusekelwa kweqhinga - ukuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi ezindaweni zokuxhumana ezifana nokwakhiwa kwamabhanoyi kanye nokuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamapayipi, imigwaqo kanye nokuxhumana kwezitimela.
- Ukwesekwa kwabadala - ukuhlinzekwa nokusabalalisa amabalazwe kanye nokulahlwa kwempi engafakiwe.
Ukusabalala kwemishini yobunjiniyela e-United States kubuyele emuva eMpikweni Yezempi yaseMelika lapho onjiniyela bezokwenza imisebenzi e-Army. Phakathi nempi, onjiniyela babezobeka ibalazwe indawo bese bezakhela izikhali ukuze bavikele amabutho empi ephikisanayo.
Laba ochwepheshe bokuqala bezempi baba yi-Army Corps of Engineers.
Abanjiniyela bezempi banesibopho sokuvikela amabutho ngokusebenzisa izikhali noma ngokuklama ubuchwepheshe obusha nezikhali. Abanjiniyela bezempi bakhela futhi balungise izisekelo, izindiza zamabhanoyi, imigwaqo, amabhuloho, nezibhedlela kanye nemigwaqo yokuhlanza, amachibi kanye namachibi.
Abanjiniyela bezempi bakhela izindiza zamabhomu ngamabhomu amakhulu, izikhungo zokwakha imicibisholo ye-intercontinental ballistic, kanye nokufakwa kwe-radar ukwandisa ukuxhumana. Bakha nezakhiwo eziningi ze-National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
Ekuqaleni emlandweni wezempi wase-United States, i-Army yayitshela abakhiqizi kuphela, kodwa njengoba amagatsha e-Armed Forces agxila olwandle nasesibhakabhakeni, isidingo sobuchwepheshe bamasosha kuwo wonke amagatsha sakhula. Ngakho-ke, njengoba igatsha ngalinye lezempi lase-United States landa, iteknoloji yasungulwa noma ishintshaniswa ukuze ihambisane nezidingo zazo.
Izidingo zobunjiniyela bezempi zase-United States zinikezwa amahhovisi amaningana:
I-Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency
Injini Esheshayo Engayisebenzisayo Yokulungisa Ukusebenza Kwezingqimba Zezingqimba (i-RED HORSE) - lezi zigcawu ziyizinyathelo zokwakha ezisindayo ze-United States Air Force.
Amakhono abo afana nalawo ase-US Navy Seabees kanye nezinhlangano ze-US Army zokwakha ezinzima. Kukhona ngisho ne- RED HORSE ene- Air .
I-Prime Base Engineer Emergency Force (I-Prime BEEF) - njengoba igama likusho, lena iyunithi yezobunjiniyela ekhethekile yase-United States Air Force, esheshayo.
Izidingo zobunjiniyela bezempi zase-United States zihlinzekwa yi-Army Corps of Engineers.
Izidingo zobunjiniyela bezempi zase-United States zase-United States zihlinzekwa yi-Directorate and Logistics Directorate yabo.
Izidingo zobunjiniyela bezempi zase-United States zihlinzekwa yi-Construction Battalion Corps (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Seabees) ne- Civil Engineer Corps (CEC) . I-CEC iyigungu labasebenzi be-United States Navy. Izikhulu ze-CEC zingu-engineers ochwepheshe kanye nabaqambi, abachwepheshe bezinto zokuthola izinto kanye namahhovisi e-Seabee Combat Warfare.
Bayibophezele ekusebenzeni nasekulawuleni ukuhlela, ukuklama, ukuthenga, ukwakhiwa, ukusebenza, nokugcinwa kwezikhungo zasogwini lweNavy.
Izidingo zobunjiniyela bezempi zase-United States zihlinzekwa ngamabutho amantombazane aseMarine Corps Combat Engineer.
Inothi elihlobene
Ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Military US e-WWI, kwakukhona ukukhathazeka ukuthi ulwazi oluhlanganyelwe kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwemikhakha yomphakathi neyimfihlo eyafakazela ukubaluleka ekunqobeni impumelelo kuyolahlekelwa - ukukhathazeka okusemthethweni, ngokucabangela indlela amasosha ayefudumele ngayo (noma " phansi ") ngemuva kokuphela kwempi.
Ngo-1919, uMaj. Gen. William M. Black, eU.SA, uMnumzane oyiNhloko yeziNhloli zeMpi, wakhetha ibhodi lesiphathimandla esiphezulu ukuba libheke ukubunjwa "kohlobo lwezinjiniyela" oluzogcina nolwandise ekuxhumaneni okwakhiwa empini nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kobunjiniyela kanye nokusebenza kwayo okuhlobene. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kwakhiwa i-Society of American Military Engineers (SAME), inhlangano yokuqala yezempi yobungcweti bezempi e-United States, ehlanganisa ukuklama, ubunjiniyela, ukwakhiwa (A / E / C), ukuphathwa kwezikhungo kanye nezinhlangano zemvelo nabantu ngabanye emphakathini kanye nezinkampani zangasese ukulungiselela-futhi ukunqoba-izinhlekelele zemvelo nezomuntu, nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.