Indlela amaphoyisa, izigebengu ze-crimino kanye nabaholi bomphakathi basebenza ngayo
Imilandulo yokuqala yezobugebengu ngokugcwele kanye nemaphoyiseni iveza indlela encane yokwenza ubugebengu. Njengoba imiphakathi yakhula futhi yavela, izazi ze-criminologists zaqala ukubheka izindlela ezengeziwe zokuvimbela ubugebengu, kanti ngesikhathi esifanayo ohulumeni basekhaya baqala ukuthatha indima ekhudlwana ekuphoqeni izakhamizi zabo .
UProfesa Goldstein noPoly-Oriented Policing
Yize lokhu kuphendukela kwemvelo kuqhubekela phambili namhlanje, imikhuba yokusebenza komthetho yaqala ukushintsha ngokuphawulekayo emva kokuba uProfesa Herman Goldstein eveze umqondo wezinqubomgomo ezibhekene nezinkinga ngo-1979. Imibono kaGoldstein yasakazeka kulo lonke elase-United States futhi ihola ngokushesha ekuthuthukiseni umqondo manje owaziwa njengabantu abahlelwe ngumphakathi ukuphoyisa.
Ukwakhiwa Kwezomthetho Nokubambisana Komphakathi
Ukuphoqelelwa komphakathi kungumphumela wokucwaninga kwabacwaningi nabadobi ngokufanayo. Umqondo ushintsha ukugxila ekuphenduleni kuya kwesenzo.
Emikhonweni yamaphoyisa yangaphambilini, iminyango yamaphoyisa yachitha inqwaba yemithombo kanye nabasebenzi ekubhekaneni nobugebengu okwakwenzeke kakade. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuxazulula izinkinga nezinkinga zamagagasi okugcizelela izinkinga kugcizelela ubudlelwane bokwakha ukuvimbela ubugebengu. Imigomo eyinhloko yamaphoyisa asekelwe emphakathini incike ezintweni ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukusebenzisana komphakathi nokuxazulula izinkinga.
Ukuphoyisa komphakathi kuletha ochwepheshe bamaphoyisa, izikhulu zikahulumeni kanye nabaholi bomphakathi nabomakhelwane ndawonye ukuze bahlonze futhi bahlole izinkinga emphakathini futhi basebenze ndawonye ukuze baxazulule. Akucabangi nje kuphela imibono yamaphoyisa ngezinkinga kodwa nezifiso, izidingo, kanye nokulindela komphakathi ekuqaliseni impendulo efanele.
Ngalokhu kusebenzisana komphakathi, i-ejensi yamaphoyisa ikwakha ukwethemba nokwabelana nemiphakathi abakhonza kuyo. Kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi kubalulekile ekutholeni ukubambisana kusuka emaqenjini ukuthi esikhathini esedlule ayedinga kakhulu ukukwenza ngokusemthethweni.
Inkinga yokusombulula kanye nesibonelo se-SARA kuPolisi
Ukusebenza komphakathi okusebenzisa umphakathi kusebenzisa imodeli ye-SARA yokuxazulula izinkinga ukuze kutholakale izixazululo zesikhathi eside zobugebengu ezingahambisani nenqubo yobulungiswa bezobugebengu nokunye okuhlangene nokushintsha kwemibono.
I-SARA isichazamazwi sokuskena, ukuhlaziywa, ukuphendula, nokuhlola, futhi ibhekisela ezinyathelweni ezisemqoka ezinkambulweni zokuxazulula izinkinga nezinqubo zokwenza izinqumo. Imodeli ye-SARA ihlanganisa izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko.
Ukuskena kuhilela ukufuna amaphethini wemisebenzi yenkinga, kufaka phakathi izisulu, izindawo, nezinhlobo zobugebengu. Kudinga ukuhlolisisa inkinga, ukuqonda kwenkinga ngokubili komthetho kanye nabalingani bangaphandle, nokuhlaziywa kobunzima benkinga.
Isigaba esilandelayo sendlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ukuhlaziywa, okuhlanganisa ukucinga izimbangela zenkinga noma izinkinga ezikhonjiwe. Ulwazi luqoqwa kusuka emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi imibiko yobugebengu namalungu omphakathi abathintekayo ngokuqondile ngendaba. Izimbangela zezinkinga zingabandakanya izici eziningi, kufaka hlangana nomakhelwane kanye nemibono yomphakathi yokuqinisa umthetho.
Uma ngabe imbangela ibonakala, iziphathimandla zomthetho zizosebenza nomphakathi ukuba zize futhi zenze impendulo efanele, yesikhathi eside. Ngemuva kokuthi impendulo isetshenziswe, ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphumelela kwesisombululo bese wenza izinguquko uma kufanelekile.
Ukuthola Izixazululo Zesikhathi Esivamile Amaphoyisa Nemiphakathi
Imodeli yokuphoyisa emphakathini ivumela amaphoyisa, izigebengu zezobugebengu kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bezobulungiswa bezobugebengu ukuba basebenze ndawonye ukuze bathole izimbangela zomsebenzi wobugebengu.
Ngokusebenzisa imigomo yokuphoyisa okubhekene nezinkinga, ochwepheshe bezomthetho bathola izixazululo zesikhathi eside futhi baqhubeke nokukhuthaza ukwethembeka phakathi kwezakhamizi abakhonzayo futhi basize ukuqinisekisa umphakathi ophephile.