Ama-Basic Instrument Instruments
Ijubane lendiza lilinganiswa ngamafindo noma amamayela ngehora kwikhombisi yezindiza ngaphakathi kwendiza yezindiza yendiza. Inkomba ye-airspeed ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushayela indiza futhi ibaluleke kakhulu kubagibeli bezindiza ngoba ukubambelela ekuvinjeni okuphephile kuyadingeka. Indiza ngayinye inezinsiza zayo ezicacisiwe ukuthi umshayeli wezindiza kudingeka azi. Abashayeli bezindiza kudingeka bazi ukuthi ijubane lizokhipha nini, indawo, isiteji, futhi ngenye indlela isebenze ngokuphepha ngesikhathi sezindiza ezahlukene.
Inkomba ye-airspeed isebenza ngokuqhathanisa ukucindezela okunamandla (ukucindezela emoyeni wenqama) nokucindezela kwe-static. Lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngezinsimbi ezivamile zomoya eziphambene nezinhlelo ezintsha zekhompyutha ezitholakala ezindizeni eziphambili zezobuchwepheshe . Izinkomba ezindiza emoyeni ezinkampanini zanamuhla ezihamba phambili zekhompyutha zibonisa umoya ohlukile ngokuchazwe kulesi sihloko futhi zibalwa ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje. I-Airspeed ingatholakala futhi ku- GPS unit ezindiza ezihlomele.
Isebenza kanjani
Isibonakaliso se-airspeed siyingxenye yesimiso se-pitot-static, uhlelo lokucindezela oluhlukile olulinganisa kokubili ukucindezela komoya okuguquguqukayo okuvela emgodini we-pitot nokucindezela okuyi-static okuvela echwebeni eliyi-static. Ngaphakathi kwe-casing yensimbi yi-diaphragm efihliwe esamukela kokubili ukucindezela okuqinile nokunamandla kusuka ku-tube pitot.
Ukucindezela okuqinile kubuye kulinganiswe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-casing kodwa ngaphandle kwe-diaphragm. Izingcindezi eziqinile ezivela ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-diaphragm zikhansela ngaphandle, zishiya isilinganiso sokucindezela okuphelele kwesibindi, noma ukucindezela komoya wempuphu.
Njengoba indiza ikhuphuka, ukucindezela okunamandla kwebhola le-pitot kwanda, okwenza ukuba isifenqemane sande. Ngokuxhunyaniswa kwe-mechanical, lokhu kulinganiswa kwe-airspeed eyandisiwe kuboniswa enaliti yenkomba ye-airspeed.
Izinhlobo ze-Airspeeds
- Kuboniswe emoyeni: i-IAS yi-airspeed efundwa ngqo kusuka kukhombisi ye-airspeed.
- I-Calibrated Airspeed : I-CAS yijubane langempela lezindiza emoyeni, ngemuva kokulungiswa ngamaphutha okuma esikhundleni nesezinsimbi. I-airspeed elinganisiwe (njengoba iqhathaniswa nomoya okhonjisiwe) ingatholakala encwadini yokusebenza yendiza.
- I-Air True : I-TAS iyalinganiswa (noma ilingana) i-airspeed ehlelwe ukucindezelwa okungapheli komzimba nokushisa.
- I-Air Equivalent Airspeed : I-EAS iyalinganiswa nge-airspeed elungiselelwe amaphutha okuncintisana.
- Izwe eliphansi: Isivinini sangempela sezindiza emhlabathini, kulinganiswa ngamafindo noma amamayela ngehora. I-groundspeed airspeed yangempela ilungiswe imiphumela yemimoya futhi iyasiza lapho kuhlela indiza .
- I-Mach Inombolo : Inani le-Mach liyi-airspeed yangempela yendiza njengoba lifaniswa nesivinini somsindo. Isivinini somsindo saziwa ngokuthi iMak 1.0. Izindiza ezisheshayo zineMak amamitha esikhundleni sezinkomba zomoya.
Ukumaketha nokulinganiselwa
Izindiza ezincane ezinjengezinjini ezincane zisebenzisa ama-airspeed markings amakhodi afaka umbala ukusiza umshayeli wezinyathelo asebenze ngokuphepha nangempumelelo. Lezi zimpawu ziwusizo ngoba zibonisa izitebhisi ezibalulekile zezindiza, ezaziwa njengezivinini ze-V.
- I-Arc White : I-arc emhlophe ezinkomba ze-airspeed ibonisa uhla olusebenzayo lwe-flap. Ngaphakathi kwe-arc emhlophe, i-flaps egcwele ingasetshenziswa. Ingaphezulu ye-arc emhlophe ibonisa ijubane eliphakeme kakhulu lapho ama-flaps anganwetshwa khona ngenkathi indiza, futhi ukusebenza ngokusheshisa ngaphandle kwe-white arc eneziphahla phansi kungase kungaphephile.
- I-Arc Green : I-arc eluhlaza ekhombisa isibonakaliso somoya imelela ububanzi obuvamile bokusebenza kwezindiza.
- I-Arc Arc : I-arc ephuzi iyinhlawulo yokuqapha yama-airspeeds. Kutuswa ukuthi abashayeli bezindiza basebenza kuphela e-arc ephuzi emoyeni ozolile. Ukuhamba ngokuhamba ngesivinini sokuqapha ngesikhathi se-turbulence kungasinda.
- Umbala Olubomvu : Phezulu kwe-arc yellow kukhona umugqa obomvu, omelela umoya ovumelekile owenziwe ngendiza.
Iziphambeko ze-Airspeed Iphutha
Isibonakaliso sezindiza ngeke siphumelele uma kukhona ukuvinjelwa kwe-tube pitot noma i-port static noma kokubili. Ukuvinjwa kuvame kakhulu umphumela wezinambuzane, amanzi noma icing.
Uma i-pitot tube kanye nomgodi wayo wokuvuthwa ivinjiwe, isibonakaliso se-airspeed senza njenge-altimeter, esibonisa ukwanda emoyeni lapho indiza ikhuphukela endaweni ephakeme futhi iyancipha emoyeni ngesikhathi sehla.
Uma ibhuloho le-pitot livinjelwe futhi imbobo yokugcoba ihlala ivulekile, ingcindezi yomoya yempuphu izophuma emgodini wokudonsa, ishiya kuphela ukucindezela okugxilwe emgodini we-pitot. Ukucindezelwa okusha kwe-tube stot kuyoba okulingana nokucindezela okuyi-static port, futhi isibonakaliso se-airspeed sizofunda u-'0 '.
Uma i-port static ivinjelwe (kodwa hhayi ithini le-pitot), isibonakaliso se-airspeed sizosebenza, kodwa ngeke sibe okulungile. Njengoba i-static emoyeni ibanjwe ngaphakathi kwe-casing endaweni ephakeme lapho insimbi ishiya khona ukusebenza, ukukhuphuka kuyobangela umoya ophansi kunaphezulu ovamile. Uma ibhayela ngaphansi kwezinga eliphezulu lapho kuvinjelwa khona, inkomba ye-airspeed izofunda ephakeme kunejwayelekile.
Ukusebenza okuphuthumayo
Ezinye izindiza zihlonywe nge-pitot tube heat heat elements. Ukushisa kwePotot kusetshenziswa njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela iqhwa ekubunzeni ithini le-pitot futhi kusebenze uma kuhamba ngezindiza ebanda.
Izindiza ezincane ezincane zinomthombo ongasetshenziswayo ongasetshenziswa ngokudonsa i-lever ku-cockpit uma kungenzeka ukuthi ichweba eliyi-static livinjelwe. Ukucindezela okungezansi okusha kungumcindezeli ophansi kunezingcindezi ezingaphandle kwendiza, okuholela ekuboniseni izinsimbi ezingalungile, kodwa inikeza isibonakaliso esanele sokugcina ukulawulwa kwezindiza eziqondile.