Thola Ulwazi Lomsebenzi ku-Salary, Imisebenzi Yobusebenzi, nokuningi
Imisebenzi yesazi sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle
Imisebenzi ye-biologist yasolwandle ingahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe ukuthi isebenza ngokuyinhloko emcwaningweni, emfundweni noma embonini yangasese.
Cishe bonke abaphilayo bezilwandle zasentshonalanga bachitha okungenani ingxenye yesikhathi sabo benza ucwaningo ensimini, basebenza ezindaweni ezivela emanzini noma emanzini angasolwandle. Bangasebenzisa imishini ehlukahlukene ehlanganisa izikebhe, amasondo omzimba, amanetha, izicupho, i-sonar, i-submarines, i-robotics, amakhompiyutha, kanye nemishini ye-lab evamile.
Izibalo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ezihilelekile ocwaningweni zizobhala iziphakamiso zokweseka ukuthola imali, ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha kusukela ekufundweni kwazo, nokushicilela amaphepha ukuze kubuyekezwe ontanga emaphephandabeni esayense. Ukuhamba kuyisici esivamile sokuphila komcwaningi.
Izibalo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ezifundisa kufanele zilungiselele futhi zilethe izinkulumo, zeluleka abafundi, zihlele amaseshini ebhodi, namaphepha ebanga kanye nezivivinyo. Abaprofesa abaningi baphinde bahlanganyele ocwaningweni lwezocwaningo futhi bashicilele okutholakala kwabo kumaphephandaba esayensi. Izibalo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle embonini yangasese zingase zibe nendima enkulu yokubonisana futhi azibandakanye neze ucwaningo olusebenzayo.
Izinketho zemisebenzi
Abaningi bezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle bakhetha insimu ekhethekile njengephilcology, ichthyology , i-invertebrate zoology, i-mammalogy yasolwandle , i-biology yokudoba, i-biotechnology yasolwandle, i-microbiology yasolwandle noma imvelo yasolwandle. Okukhethekile ekutadisheni izinhlobo ezithile kubuye kuvame.
Abaqashi bezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle bangabandakanya amapaki ezokuhlola, ama-aquarium, ama-ejensi kahulumeni, ama-laboratories, izikhungo zezemfundo, iminyuziyamu, izincwadi, ukugqugquzela ezemvelo noma amaqembu okulondolozwa, izinkampani zokubonisana, i-US Navy kanye ne-US Coast Guard.
Imfundo Nokuqeqesha
Ukusungula izibalo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ngokuvamile kuqala ngezinga eliphansi le-biology ngaphambi kokuphishekela amazinga esikoleni. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi i-grade-degree degree in biology ye-marine akudingeki ukuba iqhubekele ukutadisha iMasters of Science noma udokotela osebenza emkhakheni. Abafundi abaningi baphishekela i-biology jikelele, isayensi yezilwane noma isayensi yezilwane ngaphambi kokufuna i-MS noma i-Ph.D. in biology zasolwandle.
Uma ukhetha isikole esiphakeme, qiniseka ukuthi uthola uhlelo olunikeza amakilasi nocwaningo ensimini ekhethekile noma izinhlobo ezikuthandayo. Ukubheja kwakho okuhle ukufunda ucwaningo olushicilelwe okwamanje enkundleni ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi amaprofesa okwenza ucwaningo endaweni yakho enentshisekelo. Faka izicelo ezinhlelweni lapho ungathola khona isipiliyoni nesiqondiso oyithandayo.
Izifundo ze-biology, i-chemistry, i-physics, izibalo (ikakhulukazi izibalo), ukuxhumana, nobuchwepheshe bekhompuyutha ngokuvamile kuzodingeka njengoba uphishekela noma yiliphi izinga kulezi zayensi.
Izifundo ziyingxenye evamile yokuqeqeshwa kwezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, kokubili emazingeni angaphansi kwe-undergraduate kanye neziqu. Abafundi bavame ukwenza izinhlelo zokutadisha ihlobo noma ukubamba iqhaza ngokucwaninga ngezikhungo eziseCalifornia, eFlorida, eHawaii noma eCaribbean.
Umholo
Umholo oyisayensi yezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle angase ihluke ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nomsebenzi, iminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho, kanye nezinga lemfundo elitholakalayo. Imholo yesazi sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle isicatshangwa ngokujwayelekile kusukela ku-$ 40,000 ukuya emsebenzini wezinga lokungena ezingaphezu kwezingu-dollar 110,000 kubososayensi abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuphawulekayo namazinga aphambili. Ngokusho kwe-PayScale.com, amaholo e-biologist e-marine aphakeme kakhulu eCalifornia naseFlorida.
I-Occupational Outlook Handbook evela ku-Bureau of Labor and Statistics ayihlukanisi ukuhola kwama-biologist zasolwandle kusukela esigabeni jikelele sabosayensi bezinto eziphilayo. I-BLS iveza umholo waminyaka yonke ongama-$ 68,220 (for ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo emasimini ngaphandle kwe-microbiology kanye ne-zoology), ngemali engenayo ephuma ngaphansi kwamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-38,780 ephansi kunazo zonke ezingu-10% emkhakheni ongaphezu kuka-$ 102,300 ngaphezulu kwezingu-10% ensimini.
I-Outlook Employment
Ngokwe-Bureau of Labor and Statistics, ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo babenemisebenzi engama-91 300 ngonyaka ka-2008 (kungabandakanyi izikhundla zamayunivesithi), nakuba kuphela ingxenye encane yalabo bantu ababeqashwe njengezibalo zezinhlanzi zasolwandle.
Nakuba umsebenzi wokuba ososayensi bezilwane kulindeleke ukuba ukhule ngo-21% okusheshayo eminyakeni eyishumi kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2018, ukuqashwa emkhakheni wezilwandle zasolwandle kulindeleke ukuba ukhule ngesivinini esincane kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane bale nsimu ekhethekile. Ukuncintisana kuzoqhubeka nokubheka ngokukhethekile imisebenzi esebenzayo nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle njengamahlengethwa namapulangwe.