Imicimbi Eyashintsha Ukuthi Izindaba Zezimboni Zezimboni Zifaka Kanjani

by Glenn Halbrooks

Ukusakaza kwezindaba kuqhubeka njalo. Ngesinye isikhathi, imboni yabezindaba ithola i-jolt emisebenzini ebalulekile yezindaba, okuletha ushintsho oluphuthumayo kusuka ebhodini lokuya emigwaqweni. Lezi zenzakalo zezindaba ezingu-12 zimelela amaphuzu aguqukayo ekutheni izindaba zihlanganiswe kanjani .

01 1963: Amandla okubulala eKennedy agxile kwi-TV News Coverage

Kunzima ukukholelwa manje, kodwa ngaphambi kokubulawa kukaMengameli uKennedy, izintatheli ezinzulu kakhulu zafuna ukusebenza emsakazweni noma ephephandabeni. I-TV ibonwe njengendlela yokuzijabulisa.

Ukubulawa kukaKennedy kwavela ngendlela ebonisa amandla wethelevishini. Umsakazo awukwazanga ukukhombisa ukudubula namaphephandaba akakwazanga ukuwuthatha idrama yomzuzu nesikhashana.

Ifilimu yokudubula ingabuyiselwa ngokuphindaphindiwe esizweni esesabekayo. Imibiko ebukhoma evela esibhedlela yaba yinkimbinkimbi ngomzuzu. Ukubulawa kwesibhamu sikaKennedy u-Lee Harvey Oswald naye uboniswe ku-TV.

Ithelevishini inikeze izithombe ezihambayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezithombe ezisekhona emaphephandabeni, futhi ukusakazwa kwe-TV okubukhoma kunokushesha okufanayo nomsakazo. Ukukhula kwezindaba ze-TV sekuqalile.

02 1968: UWalter Cronkite Ushintsha Umbono Womphakathi WeMpi YeVietnam

Namuhla, ungathola umbono womuntu siqu ngokusebenzisa izindaba ezindabeni zezindaba ze-cable TV. Kulula ukuxosha umsindo uma kuza kuwe kusuka kuzo zonke izinkomba.

Buyisela isikhathi ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960. I-CBS News iqinisa u-Walter Cronkite, ngemuva kokubika ngeMpi YeVietnam, inqume ukuthi impikiswano iphela kuphela ekugcineni.

Ekuhambeni okungavamile kokubikwa kwezindaba eziqondile, ukhulume enhliziyweni yakhe ngezindaba zakusihlwa zakusihlwa. Uthi impi ayinakunqotshwa. Abanye bathi uholele uMongameli uJohnson ukuba axoxisane neNorth Vietnamese futhi aqede umsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiki.

Ngisho nangemva kokufa kukaCronkite ngonyaka ka-2009, abanye abagxeki bamxosha ngenxa yokuzikhethela okukhulu. Kodwa ngokungafani nabahlaziyi abaningi namuhla, uCronkite wathatha isikhathi sokuphenya ngaphambi kokuletha imibono yakhe.

03 1974: Amaphephandaba athola uMongameli uNixon phansi

I-journalism yophenyo yafinyelela phezulu noBob Woodward noCarl Bernstein weThe Washington Post . Ukuphishekela imisebenzi engekho emthethweni ehilela uMongameli Nixon ekugcineni kwaholela ekuphenyweni kwe-Watergate nokuyeka kwakhe.

Bachitha iminyaka eminingi basebenzela imithombo, njengabadumile "Deep Throat", futhi basekelwa abahleli bephephandaba kanye nomnikazi.

U-Woodward noBernstein bafihlelwa phansi encwadini edayiswa kakhulu kunazo zonke kanye nefilimu ye-Academy Award-Winning All Men's President . Kokubili incwadi kanye ne-movie kubonisa lokho okwakuthatha ukuze uthole enye yezindaba ezinkulu zezindaba zekhulu lama-20.

Lokhu kwakunabathengi abaningi abafisa ukuphishekela umsebenzi wokuphenya. Eminyakeni kusukela, izincindezelo zenkampani nezombangazwe ziye zenza lolu hlobo lokubika lukhuni.

04 1979: I-Iran Ukuqeda Inkinga Idala Uhlobo Olusha lwe-TV News Programme

I-America ibhekana nezinkinga zezombusazwe njalo, kodwa ngaphandle kwempi, i-Iran yokubhekana nengozi yenkinga yabamba iqhaza kulo lonke izwe. Amaphoyisa ase-Iranian athathe ama-American angu-52 ngemuva kokubamba i-Embassy yase-United States eTehran.

Ababukeli be-TV badinga ulwazi ngaphesheya kwamanethiwekhi 'ezindaba zakusihlwa zakusihlwa. Izindaba ze-ABC zakha uhlelo lwezindaba zamuva-ntambama ezagcina zaba yi- Nightline .

Namuhla, sithatha lezi zinhlelo kalula, kodwa lokhu kwaba unyaka ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwe-CNN. Abantu baseMelika babenokukhetha okuncane kokuthola izindaba.

I-Nightline yayihlukile embukisweni njengoMaminithi angu-60 ngoba yakhiqizwa usuku ngalunye ngezakhi eziphilayo ezenzeke ngobuchwepheshe obusha be-satellite. Akukho ndawo lapho ababukeli bangathola khona indaba ephezulu yosuku ngokuxoxisana nokuhlaziywa.

05 1986: Inhlekelele YoFakazi Wezingane ku-TV Ebukhoma

Ukuthuthwa kwesikhala se-shuttle sekuyisikhathi eside ngo-1986 ukuthi ukusakaza amanethiwekhi we-TV ayisekho ukuhlinzekwa bukhoma. Kodwa izinkulungwane zezingane zesikole zazibukele ngokulangazela i-NASA TV ukuqaliswa kwe-Challenger ngoJanuwari.

Kungenxa yokuthi uthisha uChrista McAuliffe uzoba yisakhamuzi sokuqala sokuzimela. Wayesevele eseyigama lomndeni.

Izingane zibukeka ngokubhekelele ekuhluphekeni komuntu lapho kuqhuma isikhala. Abazali, okungenzeka ukuthi bephule izindaba ezidabukisayo zezinhlekelele ezinganeni zabo ekhaya, kunalokho kwakudingeka bachaze ukuthi yini amadodana namadodakazi abo ayezibonele eklasini labo.

Isifundo sezindaba sasilula. I-TV ebukhoma ayinikeli ithuba lokubuka kuqala okuqukethwe ngaphambi kokuthi ibonakale. Okungaziwa kungabuhlungu.

06 1987: Ukuphindaphinda Ukufundiswa Kwemfundiso Kudala I-Radio Talk Yamuva

Abalaleli abaningi basakazwayo abangeke bazi ukuthi kungani ukuchithwa kweKhomishana ye-Federal Communications ye-Fairness Doctrine kuyisinqumo esimangalisayo. Kodwa imiphumela kulula ukubona.

Le mfundiso yayidinga abasakazo abavumela izingxoxo zenkinga eziphikisanayo kuma-airwaves azoveza imibono ephikisanayo. Kusukela ngo-1949, kwakuwumthetho.

Uma usususiwe, khuluma amaHhovisi we-radio njengeRush Limbaugh angethula ohlangothini olulodwa lenkinga. Umninimzi ozokwazi ngisho nokuphoqa uhlelo lwezepolotiki .

Namuhla, umsakazo wenkulumo ulawulwa yizivakashi ezizimele ezombusazwe. Abantu abanokuzikhandla ngokukhululekile bayakwazi ukudala izinhlelo zabo siqu, kodwa iningi alizange lithande izethameli ezinkulu. Umakethe wenza leso sinqumo, hhayi uhulumeni.

07 1991: I-Persian Gulf War isakazwa ku-Live TV

Ubuchwepheshe buveza amathuba amasha ekusakazeni abezindaba uma iMelika ingena e-Persian Gulf War ne-Iraq. Abantu ekhaya bangabuka bebukhoma njengoba ukulwa kuvela.

Ngenkathi izenzakalo ezinkulu zeMpi Yezwe II zihlanganiswa zihlala emsakazweni, futhi iMpi yaseVietnam yenziwa ngefilimu, ama satellite enza ukukhanya kwe-TV bukhoma.

Ngenxa yokuthi le mpikiswano yabangela ukunqoba okusheshayo kwe-US, abaholi bezempi njengo-Gen. Norman Schwarzkopf baba abahlonishwayo ngokushesha. Ukuphakama kukaMengameli uGeorge HW Bush kwanda.

Kodwa abaholi bezombangazwe bafunda ukuthi labo abezindaba bavele bebazi - ukusakazwa bukhoma cishe akusekho ukuphila kwesikhala. Ukuthandwa kukaBush kwancipha, futhi wanqotshwa ukukhethwa kabusha ngonyaka.

08 1994: I-OJ Simpson Drama idlulisa amehlo eNdiya

Lapho indaba ye-OJ Simpson ephukile, abantu bagijimela emabhayisikobho abo ukuze balandele indaba ephoqelela kakhulu yale minyaka eyishumi. Enye yezinkanyezi zezwe ezithandwa kakhulu kuleli libhekene nokubulala umkakhe uNicole Brown Simpson noRon Goldman.

Ngenxa yokuthi indaba yavela eLos Angeles, amathuluzi ayekhona ukuyimboza. Ukudubula kukaSimpson okuhamba ngezindiza eziphilayo ezibalekela kwi-Ford Bronco kwakungeke kwenzeke endaweni ekude.

I-California, ngokungafani namanye amazwe, ivumela amakhamera ezinkantolo. Lapho uSimpson esethelwe icala, ubufakazi babuyatholakala kubantu ukubuka - nezigidi zenza.

Uma kungenjalo nge-TV, "Isivivinyo Sekhulu LamaKhosi" bekuyobe sekuyi-footnote emlandweni wokuzijabulisa nemidlalo. Esikhundleni salokho, yaba yidrama yomthetho yangempela-mhlaba akekho ongakhohlwa.

09 1998: UMonica Lewinsky Scandal Uhlasela Ubulili Kakhulu

Izihloko zobulili ze-Taboo zaphoqelelwa emithonjeni yezindaba ngenxa yobuhlobo obuhle phakathi kukaMengameli Clinton no-White House ngaphakathi kukaMonica Lewinsky. Akukaze kube khona ubulili kanye nezombangazwe ukuthi zithinteka kakhulu kangangokuthi izoba nomthelela emlandweni wase-US.

Amazwi angakaze ashicilelwe emaphephandabeni noma akhulunywa ngamanethi wezindaba anikeze imininingwane ebalulekile yophenyo. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhundla sikaMengameli weClinton sasesisongeni, le ndaba yayingeyona nje ifolishi ye-steamy ye-tabloids esitolo.

Ekugcineni, umshado kaClinton kanye nomongameli wakhe basinda, yize kwakunconywe yiNdlu yabaMamele base-US. Kodwa ukusabalalisa abezindaba kokunganaki kwakhe kwaqhubeka kwaphazamisa imibono yaseMelika yomongameli.

10 2000: Iziphambeko Zokukhethwa Kwamongameli NgoMgwebo

Uma ngabe usufuna ukubona inethiwekhi ye-TV yenethiwekhi ye-network egciniwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ubusuku obakhethiwe ngo-2000 lunikeze ithuba. Bonke kwakudingeka benze okungaqondakali ku-TV ebukhoma - baphinde baphinde baqaphele ukubonakala kwabo kwenethiwekhi ngaphezu kokuthi ubani ophumelele.

Kumele ukuba bacabange, "Ingabe thina kuphela esikudakayo lokhu?" lapho bebuya emuva. Ngalobo busuku, babika ukuthi umncintiswano wawuyi-Gore, bese "eseduze kakhulu nokushayela ucingo," kusho uBush, "oseduze kakhulu nokubiza" ngosuku olulandelayo.

Ukuphela kwendlela ecacile ukuthi umncintiswano wawusondelene kakhulu nokushaya ucingo. Ukulinganiswa komuntu akukwazi ukuphatha umkhawulo wamavoti ambalwa nje.

Ngokuqinisekile ngeke siphinde sibone umjaho wezomongameli uhlale unombuzo isikhathi eside. Kodwa sizokhumbula njalo ukuthi abezindaba baveze kanjani amaphutha ohlelweni lokukhetha.

11 2001: Ukumboza u-9/11, iNhlekelele enkulu kakhulu yezwe

Abathengisi babone izinhlekelele ezingenakubalwa, kodwa akukho lutho olufana nokudabuka kwamaphekula angu-9/11. Udlame lushintshe ukuthi izindaba ezilandelwayo-9/11 zihlanganisiwe .

Izinsongo zokuhlaselwa okusha zihlanganiswa ngokungathí sina. Amahemuhemu ezintatheli zinezintatheli ezicabanga kabusha ukuthi yiziphi izindaba. Amahemuhemu manje abikiwe uma enokwethenjelwa.

Lokhu kubangelwa ingxenye yohlelo lukahulumeni lokuxwayisa ukwesaba kombala. Ngesikhathi uhulumeni enquma ukuthi kukhona ingozi eyanele yokushintsha izinga lekhodi, njengokusuka ophuzi kuya ku-orange noma obomvu, abezindaba bebike.

Uhlelo lokuxwayisa lwathathe umhlalaphansi ngo-2011. Kodwa imiphumela yalo ihlala - ubudlova obukhona manje bubikiwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungabonakali kanjani ulwazi, nakuba abantu abaningi manje behlukumeza izinhlamvu zezinkinga zenkinga ekhona.

12 2007: I-Social Media ihamba phambili ezindabeni zokudiliza

Ukubulawa kwabantu okudutshulwe kwaVirginia Tech kwabashiye abantu abangu-32 abafile. Ngenxa yokuthi kwenzeke ekolishi, abafundi be-tech-savvy babonisa umhlaba ngekusasa lokusakaza izindaba.

Ama-newsstand we-TV ayengadingekile. Imilayezo yombhalo ithunyelwe ulwazi ngenkathi ividiyo yefoni ingasakazwa ngokushesha.

Lokhu kwakuyisenzakalo esibaluleke kakhulu ekuloliseni kwezakhamuzi. Izithombe namavidiyo ayinayo i-polish yenhlangano yezindaba zezobuchwepheshe , kepha bathatha ukwesaba abantu abakuthola kuzo.

Esikhathini esizayo, abathengi banquma ukuthi yilokho abafuna izindaba zabo. Abantu bansuku zonke abakhiqiza izindaba eziluhlaza manje bancintisana nezintatheli zezobuchwepheshe, ezinkampani zabo ezishiya ukukholelwa ukuthi abazitholi izindaba zangempela.