Elements Punitive for Adultery Ukuchazwa yi-UCMJ

Ukuphinga Kuchazwe yi-UCMJ

Uma uhlukanisiwe ngokomthetho futhi uqala ukuphola ngenkathi usempi, ungangena yini enkingeni yokuphinga? Lo ngumbuzo ovamile kubantu abanjengifomu ngoba inqubo yomthetho yokuhlukanisa ingathatha izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka, kanti impendulo iyinkimbinkimbi. Njengoba kunikezwe ukungaqondakali kwemigomo ebekwe yiKhodi Elingavamile Yezobulungiswa BaseMpi (UCMJ), kuhlale kube khona amandla okuba nobugebengu futhi kuphela amaphesenti angu-100 aphephile okumele asebenze ukulinda kuze inkantolo ikunikeze isehlukaniso ngaphambi kokuba uqale ubuhlobo bobulili.

Ukuvinjelwa kwezempi ukuphinga kukhulunywe ku-Article 134 yeKhodi Elingavamile Yezobulungiswa BaseMpiya eyenza ukuphinga ubugebengu uma imigomo esemthethweni, eyaziwa ngokuthi "izakhi," inayo yonke kuhlangene nakho. Kunezici ezintathu eziqondile:

Ukuphinga kanye nesigaba 134 se-UCMJ: Elements

(1) Ukuthi ummangalelwa wenza ubulili nomuntu othile ngokungalungile;

(2) Ngaleso sikhathi, umsolwa noma omunye umuntu washada nomunye umuntu; futhi

(3) Ukuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo, ukuziphatha kommangali kwakungenxa yokubandlululwa kokuhleleka nokuqondiswa emabuthweni ahlomile noma kwakungokwemvelo ukuletha ukuhlonipha amabutho ahlomile.

Izakhi ezimbili zokuqala ziyazichaza; okwesithathu kunzima kakhulu. "Incazelo" engxenyeni ye-Article 134 iveza izici eziningana zezikhulu zempi okufanele zicabangele, kuhlanganise ukuthi ngabe isosha noma umlingani wakhe ocansini "wahlukana ngokomthetho." Ukuhlukaniswa ngokomthetho kuhilela ukusayina isivumelwano sokuhlukanisa ngokomthetho nomlingani noma inkantolo yokuhlukaniswa okwenziwe yizwe.

Nakuba ukuhlukaniswa ngokomthetho kunquma ukuthi ubuhlobo bocansi buphula i-Article 134, akukhona kuphela ukucatshangelwa. Isigaba 134 "izincazelo" zikhomba ezinye izici zabaphathi kubandakanya:

• Isikhundla nesimo samalungu ahilelekile
• Umthelela ohlangothini lwezempi
• Ukusebenzisa kabi kabi isikhathi sikahulumeni noma izinsiza zokusiza ukuziphatha okuvinjelwe

• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isenzo sokuphinga sasihambisana nezinye ukwephulwa kwe-UCMJ

Ukuphinga kanye nesigaba 134 se-UCMJ: Incazelo

(1) Uhlobo lwesiphambeko. Ukuphinga kuyindlela engavumelekile yokuziphatha, futhi kubonakala kabi kwirekhodi lenkonzo yelungu lezempi .

(2) Ukuziphatha okungahambisani nokuhleleka nokuhleleka noma uhlobo lokuletha ukuhlambalaza amabutho ahlomile. Ukwenza iphutha ngaphansi kwe-UCMJ, ukuziphatha okuphinga kufanele kube yinto ehlukumeza ngokuqondile ukuhleleka nokuhleleka noma ukukhishwa kwemisebenzi. Ukuziphatha okuzenzekelayo okubandlulula ngokuqondile kuhlanganisa ukuziphatha okunomphumela ocacile, nokwehlukanisa okulinganiselwe ku-unit noma inhlangano, ukuziphatha, noma ukubumbana, noma kulimaza ngokucacile igunya noma isithunzi noma inhlonipho ku-servicemember. Ukuphinga kungase kusebenzise ukwahlukunyezwa, yize ukuziphatha kungabonakali ngokungaqondile noma ngokudelela ukuhleleka nokuhleleka. Ukudalula kusho ukulimaza idumela lamabutho ahlomile futhi kufaka ukuziphatha okuphinga okunomkhuba, ngenxa yemvelo yayo evulekile noma ehloniphekile, ukuletha isevisi ibe yinto ephikisayo, ukwenza kube yinto yokuhlambalaza umphakathi, noma ukuyihlehlise emphakathini. Nakuba ukuziphatha okuphinga okuyimfihlo futhi okuqondayo emvelweni kungase kungabi ukuhlinzekwa ukuhlukaniswa yilo mgangatho, ngaphansi kwezimo, kungase kunqunywe ukuziphatha ngokungahambisani nokuhleleka nokuhleleka.

Abalawuli kufanele bacabangele zonke izimo ezifanele, kufaka phakathi kodwa kungagcini kulezi zici ezilandelayo, lapho benquma ukuthi izenzo zokuphinga zihlukumeza ukuhleleka nokuhleleka noma zinezinto ezizoletha ukuhlambalaza amabutho ahlomile:

(a) Isimo somshado somsolwa, isikhundla sezempi, ibanga, noma isikhundla;

(b) Isimo somshado somlingani, isigaba sezempi , ibanga, nesimo, noma ubuhlobo emabuthweni ahlomile ;

(c) Isimo sezempi somlingani wommangalelwa noma umlingani womlingani, noma ubudlelwane bawo namabutho ahlomile;

(d) Umthelela, uma ngabe ukhona, ubuhlobo bokuphinga ngokukwazi kommangali, umlingisi, noma oshade naye noma owenza naye umsebenzi wokusekela amabutho ahlomile;

(e) Ukusebenzisa kabi, uma kukhona, isikhathi sesikhathi sikahulumeni kanye nezinsiza zokusiza ikhomishini yokuziphatha;

(f) Kungakhathaliseki ukuziphatha okuqhubekayo naphezu kokululekwa noma ukulahla; ukukhwabanisa kokuziphatha, njengokungathi noma yikuphi ukuhlonishwa okulandelayo; nokuthi ngabe isenzo sokuphinga sasihambisana nezinye ukwephulwa kwe-UCMJ;

(g) Umthelela omubi wokuziphatha kumayunithi noma izinhlangano zommangalelwa, umlingisi noma oshade naye noma yiyiphi into, njengethonya elilimazayo ekwenzeni inhlangano noma inhlangano, ukusebenzisana kanye nokusebenza kahle;

(h) Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ummangali noma umlingisi uhlukanisiwe ngokomthetho; futhi

(i) Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuziphatha okungaziphathi kahle kuhilela ubudlelwano obuqhubekayo noma bamuva noma bude ngesikhathi.

(3) Umshado: Umshado ukhona kuze kube yilapho usuhlakazwa ngokuhambisana nemithetho yombuso ofanele noma wesifundazwe.

(4) Iqiniso: Ukuziphendulela kwephutha likhona uma ummangalelwa enecala eliqotho nelicacile lokuthi ummangalelwa kanye nomlingisi bobabili abangashadile, noma ukuthi beshadile ngokomthetho. Uma lokhu kuvikela kuphakanyiswa ubufakazi, khona-ke umthwalo wobufakazi uphezu kwe-United States ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkolelo yomsolwa yayingenangqondo noma ingathembeki. ".