Umlando wezinqubomgomo zamabutho ahlomile kuma-Gay nabesilisa abashadile nabesifazane
Kuwo wonke umlando walo, i-US Military yayinezinqubomgomo ezingavumelani uma kuziwa kwabangqingili emasosha. Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II, kwakungekho nqubomgomo ebhaliwe yokuvimbela ubungqingili ekukhonzeni, nakuba ukuhlukunyezwa kwakubhekwa njengecala lomthetho wezempi (UCMJ) kusukela ezikhathini zokuVikela iMpi.
Izinqubomgomo zobungqingili eMpini yaseKorea naseMpi YeVietnam
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, iMpi YaseKorea, neMpi YeVietnam, ibutho lezempi elichazwe ubungqingili njengalokhu likhubazeka ngokwengqondo futhi livinjelwe ngokobulili ubungqingili ekusebenzeni ngokusekelwe ezinkambisweni zezokwelapha.
Kodwa-ke, lapho abasebenzi bedinga ukwanda ngenxa yokulwa, amasosha athuthukise umkhuba wokuzilibazisa izindlela zokuhlola. Amadoda nabesifazane abaningi abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane basetshenziswa ngokuhlonipha ngalezi zinkinga. Ngeshwa, lezi zikhathi zahlala isikhathi esifushane. Ngokushesha lapho isidingo sabasebenzi bezokulwa sinciphisa, amasosha ayezobakhulula ngokuzibandakanya.
1982 - Complete Ban of Gays in the Military
Kuze kube ngo-1982 uMnyango Wezokuvikela wabhala ngokusemthethweni ukuthi "ubungqingili bekungavumelani nemisebenzi yezempi," lapho beyishicilela isiqondiso se-DOD esichaza lokho. Ngokombiko we-1992 we-Government Accounting Office, cishe amadoda nabesifazane abangaba ngu-17 000 baphonswa ngaphansi kwalesi siqondiso esisha phakathi nawo-1980.
Ukuzalwa kwe "Ungabuzi, Ungasho" 1993
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980, ukuguqula inqubomgomo yezempi kwakuvela njengento ebaluleke kakhulu kulabo abamele amalungelo omphakathi abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane. Amalungu amantombazane amaningi abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa abaphuma emasosheni baphuma esidlangalaleni futhi baphikisana ngamandla ngokukhipha kwabo ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwezomthetho.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1993, kubonakala sengathi ukuvinjelwa kwezempi kwabasebenzi abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa bazogubha ngokushesha.
UMengameli uClinton umemezele ukuthi uhlose ukugcina isithembiso sakhe somkhankaso ngokuqeda ukubandlululwa kwezempi ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni ngokobulili. Kodwa, lokhu akuzange kuhlale kahle neCongressan elawulwa yiRiphabhlikhi.
Abaholi be-Congressional basongela ukuthi badlulisele umthetho ozovimbela ubungqingili ekusebenzeni uma uClinton ekhishwa umyalelo ophezulu oguqula inqubomgomo.
Ngemuva kokuphikisana okukhulu komphakathi kanye nokuxoxwa kwebandla, uMongameli kanye noSenenja uSam Nunn, usihlalo weKomidi Yezinkonzo ZaseSenate, bafinyeleleka kulokho ababhala ngokuthi Ungabuzi, Ungasho, Ungaphenduli. Ngaphansi kwemigomo yalo, abasebenzi bezempi ngeke babuzwe mayelana nokuziphatha kwabo ngokobulili futhi ngeke bahanjiswe nje ngokuba gay. Noma kunjalo ubudlelwane bobulili, noma ukubonisa imibono yobulili namalungu obulili obufanayo, noma ukutshela noma ngubani ngokuziphatha kwabo ngokocansi kubhekwa "ukuziphatha kobulili obufanayo" ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo futhi kuyisisekelo sokukhishwa okungenasidingo. Lokhu kwaziwa njengomthetho othi "Ungabuzi, Ungatsheli" futhi waba uMnyango Wezokuvikela.
Ukushintsha Izinkathi Zomphakathi kanye Nezempi
Ngaleso sikhathi, iningi labaholi bezempi kanye nabasha abafake izicelo (abaphoqelelwe ukuba bahlale emakolishi kanye nomuntu ohlala naye) bathatha umbono oqaphele mayelana nokuvumela amakhwenyana ukuba asebenze ngokukhululekile empini. Kodwa isimo sengqondo somphakathi sashintsha eminyakeni engamashumi amabili elandelayo. Ngonyaka ka-2010, iningi labantu abancane ababhalisile (lowo okufanele ahlale emakolishi), namuhla, akazange abone lutho olungalungile ngobungqingili futhi angeke akhathazeke ngokukhonza nalabo ababazi ukuthi bangongqingili.
Ukuphinda Ungabuzi Ungatsheli 2010
NgoDisemba ka-2010, iNdlu neSenate bavotela ukuphinda futhi baphinde baphendule inqubomgomo eyaziwa ngokuthi "ungabuzi, ungatsheli." UMongameli Obama wabe esewuthatha umthetho ngoDisemba 22, 2010. Isizwe sanquma ukuthi ngo-September 20, 2011, ubungqingili babengeke besabe besenqenqemeni ngokuvuma ukuthi bafuna ukulala nabo. Ubungqingili banenkululeko yokukhonza emasotheni ngokukhululekile.
Abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-13,000 nabesifazane baxoshwa ngokuba yi-gay ngenkathi ababuzanga, ungatshele ukuthi inqubomgomo isasebenza. Ukuphinda kuye kwaholela abaningi ukuba bazame futhi babuye kabusha. Abesilisa nabesifazane abaningi abaye bakhonza baphuma ngaphandle kwekhamera ngemidiya ehlukahlukene. Izinhlangano eziningi namaqembu asekela amalungu ompi angama-gay nabesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane abaqalile futhi bahlela ngisho imibuthano yomphakathi esemthethweni kanye nempi.
Ukuqashelwa Imishado Yowesilisa Nabobulili
Ngilandela isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme esenza uMthetho Wokuvikela Umshado ngo-2013, uMnyango Wezokuvikela wamemezela ukuthi uzodlulisela izinzuzo zomshado nomlingani wobulili obufanayo obuyofana nalokho okwenzelwe imishado yendabuko.
Imithethonqubo yeTransgender yenziwe 2016
Enye imingcele yawela lapho ukuvinjelwa kwenkonzo ngamadoda asemthethweni e-transgender ebusweni kwachithwa ngoJulayi 1, 2016. Nakuba kulesi sikhundla samanje ngo-2017, uMongameli wathi umgomo wakhe ukuvumela abesilisa nabesifazane abangaphambani ukuba bakhonze empini. UMnyango Wezokuvikela awukashintshi inqubomgomo yawo ngokuvinjelwa okuhlongozwayo.
Njengoba kunezinkinga eziningi zomphakathi eziphikisanayo, impi iye yaba phambili emphakathini kulo lonke umlando. Kusukela kwabesifazane abakhonza ezindaweni zokulwa, ukubandlulula kanye namalungelo omphakathi, ukuvumela umphakathi we-LGBT ukuthi ulingane, impi ngokuvamile iminyaka engu-10-20 ngaphambi komphakathi waseMelika ekuqedeni ubandlululo oluthile. Kungase kungabi yindlela ephelele 100% yesikhathi, kodwa ingxenye yesiphambano yomphakathi eyisosha e-United States ilula futhi iqondisisa ngaphezu kwezwe lonke ngezindaba ezithile eziphikisanayo.