Imiyalo emisha Ikheli le-Pilot Fatigue
NgoDisemba 2011, i-FAA yasungula umthetho wokugcina wokusebenza komshayeli kanye nokuphumula okudingekayo emzamweni wokulwa nezingozi zokukhathala ezindizeni. Lo mthethonqubo omusha unikeza izidingo zokuphumula okunamandla kanye nemingcele yehora yendiza kunangaphambili, ukunyakaza ukuthi i-FAA ithemba izokwanelisa izidingo zomphakathi zendawo ephephile endizayo. Isimiso sokugcina sokusebenza kwamalungu abasebenzi abashayeli bezindiza kanye nezidingo zokuphumula saqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 4, 2014.
Ukukhathala kwe-pilot bekulokhu kuyinkinga ezweni lezindiza, kepha isihloko asikaze sinikwe ukunakekelwa okukhulu, mhlawumbe ngoba kuyinkinga enzima ukukala futhi kunzima nakakhulu ukulungisa. Ukukhathala kuthinta abantu ngokuhluke kakhulu.
Umuntu oyedwa angakhathala ngaphambi komunye. Omunye umshayeli wendiza angasebenza kahle ngamahora ayisithupha nje okulala, kuyilapho enye idinga ayisishiyagalombili ukuzizwa ephumule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhetha kanye nokuphila komshayeli kuyisici esibalulekile ekuphatheni ukukhathala. Umshayeli wezinyawo anganikezwa isikhathi sokuphumula amahora angu-12, kodwa angasebenzisa amahora amahlanu kuphela ngaleso sikhathi elele ngempela. Ezinye izinto zokuphila ezingathinta ukukhathala zihlanganisa amazinga ezempilo, ukudla nokucindezeleka.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezithintekayo ekulingeni ukukhathala, siyazi ukuthi ukungalali kubangela amaphutha athile. Futhi emnothweni odiniwe, opharetha bazama kanzima ukugcina imali eningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindiza zezindiza zikwazi ukukhulisa amashejuli omsebenzi abagibeli bezindiza, zicele ukuba bahambe ngendlela engabantu (nangokomthetho) kungenzeka .
I-National Transportation Safety Board (i-NTSB) yenza izincomo ku-FAA mayelana nokukhathala komshayeli kusukela ngo-1972, futhi inhlangano iyaqhubeka ithola ukukhathala ukuthi kube yinto ebangela izingozi zendiza. Ngemuva kwezingozi ezimbalwa, njenge-Colgan Air okwehla ngo-1992 okwenze ukuthi umphakathi uqaphele inkinga yokukhathala, i-FAA yathatha isinyathelo ngendima yokukhathala emisebenzini yezokuhweba kwezokuhweba.
Nakhu okuvelele kokubusa kokugcina:
- Umthetho Omdala: Izidingo zokuphumula ezihlukene ngokusekelwe ezindizeni zasendlini, ezizwe ngamazwe nezingenakulinganiswa.
- Umthetho omusha: Akukho umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo zokusebenza; imithetho emisha iyasebenza kubo bonke.
- Umthetho Omdala: ulimi olungcolile ngokuphathelene "nokufanelekile emsebenzini" njengoba kubikwe ngabashayeli bamashayela.
- Umthetho omusha: Umshayeli kumele asayine idokhumenti eqinisekisa ukuthi "ufanelekile umsebenzi" futhi indiza iyadingeka ukuba isuse umshayeli uma ukukhathala kubikwa.
- Umthetho Omdala: Isikhathi Sokuhamba Ngezindiza sinomkhawulo, kodwa awuzange ulandele isigqi sombala noma inombolo yezindiza zezindiza.
- Umthetho omusha: Isikhathi Sokuhamba Ngezindiza sinemingcele eqinile ngokusekelwe kwinani lamagatsha okuhamba kanye nokuqala kosuku lomsebenzi.
- Umthetho Omdala: Abaqhubi bezindiza kumele banikezwe okungenani amahora angu-24 ngosuku lwama-7.
- Umthetho omusha: Abaqhubi bezindiza kumele banikwe isikhathi sokuphumula okungenani amahora ayishumi.
- Umthetho Omdala: Amahora okushayela anqunyelwe ngosuku nosuku.
- Umthetho omusha: Amahora okushayela angalinganiselwe ngeviki, ngenyanga nangonyaka.
- Umthetho Omdala: Isikhathi sokuphumula okungenani amahora ayisishiyagalolunye, okungancishiswa amahora ayisishiyagalombili.
- Umthetho omusha: Isikhathi sokuphumula samahora angu-10, nethuba lokungenani okungama-8 okuphazamiseka amahora okulala.
Isikhathi esiphezulu sezindiza phakathi nosuku manje amahora ayisishiyagalolunye, namahora ayisishiyagalombili ebusuku .
Imikhawulo yezindiza zezindiza ngaphansi kwemithetho emisha isukela emahoreni ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwangu-14, kuye ngokuthi zingaki izingxenye ezigelezayo kanye nesikhathi sokuqala sosuku lomsebenzi womshayeli.
Esikhathini sokugcina sokugcina isikhathi sokuphumula kanye nomkhawulo womsebenzi, i-FAA iyavuma ukuthi le mithetho emisha yodwa ngeke ixazulule inkinga yokukhathala. Indlela yokuphepha yesistimu lapho opharetha kanye nabaqhubi bezinyawo zombili bephethe umthwalo wokuphatha ukukhathala kuyisisombululo kuphela.
Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, i-FAA manje isebenzisa izibuyekezo eziphoqelelwe ohlelweni lwe-Airline's Risk Management Plan (FRMP). I-FAA iphinde ihlongoze inketho ye-Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) njengendlela yokuba opharetha bahlangabezane nemigomo yokulawula ukukhathala.
Ekugcineni, umshayeli wezokushayela unesibopho sokuphepha kwendiza futhi kudingeka aqonde ukuthi ukukhathala kwakhe kuvinjelwe.
Zonke iziqondiso emhlabeni ngeke ziguqulwe lokho, kodwa imithetho emisha yinguquko eyamukelekile kulabo abaqhubi abajikelezayo abahleliwe futhi bebhekene nokukhathala ngenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile, umsebenzi ogcwele umsebenzi futhi mhlawumbe ushisiwe. Mhlawumbe bazokwazi ukuphumula manje.