Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ukulalela imiyalo kuyinhlangano enkulu yokuba sempi. Kodwa uma ucabangela ukujoyina, kuzodingeka uqale kuqala ukucinga ngomphefumulo - futhi emva kwesikhashana, uma ubhalisa - ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ungabhekana nezinyathelo ezinobungozi zalolu hlobo lwesakhiwo somsebenzi.
Iqiniso elidabukisayo ukuthi ukucwaninga kwengqondo kubonisa ukuthi isibindi sethu sokuziphatha sithinteka kakhulu kunalokho esikucabangayo (futhi sithanda ukuzicabangela thina ngokweqile, naphezu kobufakazi.) Itholakala ngokukhethekile uma ukuziphatha kwethu kungqubuzana nemibono yegunya .
Imithetho yempi nokuhlonishwa komuntu siqu ngaphandle, kuthatha ulwazi oludala lokuzidela ukuze udlule ezinselele ezinjalo.
Ukulalela okungemthetho
Kusukela ngosuku olulodwa, abaqashi bezempi abafundiswa nje kuphela ukubaluleka kokulalela okusheshayo kuma-oda - bahlelwe ngendlela eqondile, ephuthumayo, futhi enamandla kakhulu ekamelweni le- boot . Umqondo uwukuvumela abantu abasha ukuba babe nomqondo wokulandela umholi esihogweni nasemuva: Uma abantu befa bezungeza wena kanye nomlenze wakho ekutshela ukuthi "Thatha lelo gquma!" akusebenzi okuhle kakhulu ukuba neqembu le-snotty bazi-wonke-bonke baphendule ngokuthi, "Kungani singayi lapha futhi size nomqondo ongcono?"
Kodwa njengomphakathi, kuye kwadingeka samukele izifundo ezinzima zokulalela okungacabangi okungahambi kahle. I-Nuremberg defense iyisibonelo esilandelayo sokuthi kungani "ukulandela nje imiyalo" kuyisizathu esingamukeleki sokuzenzela okubi, kodwa kwakungeyona eyokugcina - futhi kwakungeyona njalo isitha se-US sokuzilimaza.
Esihlokweni sakhe esithi "Imiyalo Yezempi: Ukulalela Noma Ukungamlaleli?" I-Rod Powers inikeza umlando omkhulu wezimpahla zamacala lapho amabutho ase-US ejeziswa ngokulandela imiyalo engekho emthethweni. Phakathi kwezigameko zakamuva nje "kukhona inkantolo (nokukholelwa ekubulaweni okwenziwe ngaphambili) weLokuQala uLieutenant William Calley ngenxenye yakhe eMahi Massacre" kanye nokuhlukumeza okwesabekayo ejele lase-Abu Ghraib e-Iraq ngamasosha "athi ngokulandela imiyalelo yeziphathimandla zezempi. "
Ukunciphisa ubugebengu obunjalo, ingxenye yekharityhulam ye-boot ikhiphe ukuqeqeshwa kumakhodi wokuziphatha nemithetho yempi . Isihloko esiyinhloko ngokuyinhloko ukukhumbuza ukuthi kukhona "abafana": Ukuzivocavoca okufanelekile kokuziphatha okuhle futhi wenqabe ukulandela imiyalo ecacile engekho emthethweni, njengokubulala abantu abangenacala, ukuphanga noma ukuxhaphaza iziboshwa. Kodwa ingabe lokho kulula?
I-Psychology Social
Lapho ngiphindela esikoleni ngemva kokuvakasha kwami kwesibili e-Iraq, ngaqala izifundo ze-psychology okwesikhashana. Inkambo engithinte kakhulu kakhulu kwakuyi-psychology social, ehlola umphumela wamaqembu nomphakathi ekucabangeni nasekuziphatheni. (Ngokuvamile, nakuba kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, kubonakala sengathi kuyisifundo sokuthi abantu bangabe besaba kakhulu kangakanani.)
Angikaze ngibone ukulwa okuqondile e-Iraq, nokho ngisazizwa isisu sami siphenduka lapho sifunda izivivinyo ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wezokwelapha kwengqondo: Ukuhlolwa kwe-Milgram Ukulalela kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Stanford Prison. Lezi zifundo ezimbili zisekela ngokuqinile umbono wokuthi ukuthonya njengegunya elaziwa, imvelo, kanye nokwabelana ngezindima zomphakathi kungaba (ngokuvamile kaningi kalula) kunqobe umqondo omuhle wokuzimela futhi kuholele ekuthumeni izenzo zokuziphatha okubi. Ngaphandle kwemiphumela yabo ecacile, lezi zenzo zokuziphatha okubi zingabangela umonakalo ongokwengqondo owonayo kumuntu ozenzayo.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, naphezu kobufakazi obunenjongo obunikezwa izazi zengqondo zomphakathi, sinokuthambekela kwemvelo, okuzimele ukukholelwa ukuthi sihle kakhulu. Hamba ubeke igumbi eligcwele labafundi ngamaqiniso osesifundo se-Milgram. Buza ukuthi ngabe, uma bephuthumayo beqeda indoda enomunyu emkhakheni welabhu, baqhubeke beletha ukuthuthumela kumuntu ongabonakali okungenzeka babenikeze ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Abaningi bazobe bakholelwa ukuthi abakwazi ukwenza isenzo esinjalo: "Ngingumuntu omuhle."
Udaba, ngeshwa, aluveli okuhle noma olubi, kodwa ukuqonda thina nemvelo yethu. Ukulalela i-oda elingekho emthethweni - noma ngisho neyodwa kuphela othola ukukhathazeka ngokwayo - akuyona ukuziphatha okuqinisekisiwe, kodwa kufanele sonke siqonde ukuthi ukucindezelwa kwezenhlalakahle kungase kube namandla kakhulu kunalokho esikubonayo, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni okwamanje.
Cabanga ngalokho ongayenza
Abanye abantu abajoyina amasosha angeke babhekane nesimo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo njengoMi Lai noma u-Abu Ghraib. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, kuyinhlanhla yehora. Yingakho kubalulekile, ngaphambi kokubhalisa, ukuqala ukuhlola ukuthi wazi kanjani wena ngokwakho.
Kuze kube yilolu suku, ngiphinde ngiphumelele ithuba lokuhlukumeza abanye noma amandla ami phezu kwabo (nokuba ngumhlengikazi wesikhathi esizayo, ukunakekelwa ngabantu ababuthakathaka babo, ngizoba namathuba amaningi.) Kodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, nakuba ngingakaze ngibone ukulwa okuqondile, ngabona futhi ngenza ngisho nokuziphatha okuxoshwayo, nakuba kungabi ngokobugebengu, ngokuqinisekile kwangigcina ebusuku ebusuku.
Kwangithatha iminyaka embalwa ukuba ngigxile ekuzizweni kwami okubi ngalezo zinsuku njalo lapho nginezinyosi ezimbalwa. Futhi anginamahloni ngomsebenzi wami wonke empini ngenxa yalezi zenzakalo. Ngimane ngibaphakamise ukuze ngifanekise iphuzu lami: Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi owenza ukuthi uhambe kahle phakathi komdlali odlala kahle futhi usebenzise isinqumo somuntu ngamunye - ngokuvamile ngokucindezelwa okukhulu, uma kubalwa - cabanga ukuthi ungubani , nokuthi yini ongayenza.
Bese uqhubeka ucabangela usuku ngalunye, ngisho noma unquma ukungabhalisi. Sonke sinomthamo omkhulu wokubi njengokuhle kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile isici esinqunyiwe ekulawuleni kwethu siyazi thina.