Uma umuntu efaka e-United States Military, umsebenzi osebenzayo noma egcinwe, athatha isifungo esilandelayo:
Ngifunga ngokukhululekile (noma ngifakazela) ukuthi ngizokusekela nokuvikela uMthethosisekelo we-United States ngokumelene nazo zonke izitha, zangaphandle kanye nezokufuya; ukuthi ngizothatha ukholo lweqiniso nokwethembeka okufanayo; nokuthi ngizolalela imiyalo kaMongameli we-United States kanye nemiyalo yamaphoyisa okhethwe phezu kwami, ngokwemigomo kanye neKhodi Elingavamile Yezobulungiswa BaseMpi.
U-National Guard wabhalisela amalungu ukuba afunge isifungo esifanayo, ngaphandle kokuthi afunga nokulalela imiyalo kaMbusi wombuso wabo.
Ngiyafunga
Amaphoyisa, phezu kwekhomishini, afunga lokhu okulandelayo:
Ngiyafungela ngokukhululekile ukuthi ngizosekela nokuvikela uMthethosisekelo we-United States ngokumelene nazo zonke izitha, izizwe zangaphandle nezokufuya; ukuthi ngizothatha ukholo lweqiniso nokwethembeka okufanayo; ukuthi ngithatha lesi sibopho ngokukhululekile, ngingenalo ukugcinwa kwengqondo noma injongo yokubalekela; nokuthi ngizokwenza kahle futhi ngithembele imisebenzi yehhovisi engizofika kulo.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwezempi nokusebenza kuhlelwe phezu kwesisekelo sokulalela imiyalo. Abafundi bafundiswa ukulalela, ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokungabaza, imiyalo evela kubaphathi babo, kusukela osukwini olulodwa lwekampu le-boot.
Ama-oda asemthethweni
Amalungu empi ahluleka ukulalela imiyalo yabaphathi bawo ayingozi engozini. Isigaba 90 seKhodi Elingavamile Yezobulungiswa BaseMpi (UCMJ) yenza kube yisigebengu sokuba ilungu lezempi lilalele ngokungahloniphi isikhulu esiphezulu.
Isigaba 91 senza kube yisenzo sobugebengu ukungahloniphi ngokungahambisani noMthetho oPhethekile noma oWarrant Officer. Isigaba 92 senza ubugebengu ukungalaleli noma yikuphi ukulandelwa komthetho (ukungalaleli akudingeki kube "ngokuzithandela" ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko).
Eqinisweni, ngaphansi kwe- Article 90 , ngezikhathi zempi, ilungu lezempi elingamlaleli ngamabomu isiphathimandla esiphezulu singagwetshwa.
Lezi zihloko zidinga ukulalela kwe- LAWFUL oda. Umyalelo ongekho emthethweni awudingi ukulalelwa kodwa ukulalela umyalelo onjalo kungabangela ukushushiswa kobugebengu kwalowo olalelayo. Sekuyisikhathi eside izinkantolo zempi zithi amalungu ezempi aziphendulela ezenzweni zabo ngisho nalapho elandela imiyalo - uma ngabe umyalelo wawungemthetho.
"Ngangilandela ama-oda kuphela."
" Ngangilandela imiyalo kuphela ," kuye kwasetshenziselwa ukuzivikela ngokomthetho ngamakhulu amacala (mhlawumbe ikakhulukazi abaholi bamaNazi emakhotho eNuremberg emva kweMpi Yezwe II). Isivikelo asizange sibasebenzele, futhi asizange sisebenze emakhulwini amacala kusukela.
Icala lokuqala eliqoshiwe lesiphathimandla saseMelika saseMelika esisebenzisa " Ngangilandela imiyalo " kuphela isikhathi sokuzivikela emuva ngo-1799. Phakathi neMpi neFrance, iCongress yadlulisela umthetho okwenza kuvunyelwe ukubamba imikhumbi eboshwe kunoma yikuphi iPort Port. Kodwa-ke, lapho uMengameli uJohn Adams ebhala umyalelo wokugunyaza uMbutho Wezempi wase-US ukwenza kanjalo, wabhala ukuthi imikhumbi ye-Navy yayigunyaziwe ukuthatha noma yikuphi umkhumbi owenzelwe ichweba laseFrance, noma ukuhamba echwebeni laseFrance. Ngokulandela imiyalelo kaMongameli, induna yaseNtshonalanga yase-US yambamba iShipanishi Shiphi (i- Fish Flying ), eyayisendleleni esuka ePort French.
Abanikazi bomkhumbi bamangalela umphathi weNavy eNkantolo yaseMelika yamanzi ngenxa yecala. Bawina, futhi iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States yaqinisa lesi sinqumo. Inkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States inqume ukuthi amakhompi ase-Navy "ayenzakala ngokwabo" lapho elalela imiyalo kaMengameli uma lezo zinqumo zingekho emthethweni.
Impi yaseVietnam yanikeza amacala enkantolo yase-United States ngamacala amaningi okuthi " Ngangilandela imiyalo " kunokuzivikela kunoma yikuphi ukuphikisana kwangaphambili. Izinqumo phakathi nalezi zimo ziqinisekisile ukuthi ukulandela imiyalelo ephikisanayo engekho emthethweni akuyona ukuvikela okusemthethweni kusuka ekushushisweni kobugebengu. E- United States v. Keenan , umsolwa (Keenan) watholakala enecala lokubulala ngemuva kokulalela ukuze adubule futhi abulale isakhamuzi saseVietnam esikhulile. INkantolo Yezokudluliswa Kwezempi yabonisa ukuthi " ukulungiswa kwezenzo ezenziwe ngokulandela imiyalo akukhona uma umyalo wawungumuntu onokuqonda nokuqonda okungazi ukuthi awukho emthethweni.
"(Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isosha elanika uKeanan umyalo, uCoral Luczko, wahlulwa ngenxa yokungahlambuluki).
Cishe icala elidumile kakhulu elithi " Ngangilandela imiyalo kuphela " ukuzivikela kwakuyinkantolo yenkantolo (nokukholelwa ekubulaweni okwenziwe ngaphambili) weLokuQala uLieutenant William Calley ngokuyingxenye yakhe eMay Massacre ngoMashi 16, 1968. Inkantolo yempi yenqaba Ingxabano kaCalley yokulalela umyalelo wabaphathi bakhe. Ngo-March 29, 1971, uCalley wagwetshwa ejele. Kodwa-ke, ukukhala komphakathi e-United States ngemuva kwalolu cwaningo olwakhulunywa kakhulu futhi oluphikisanayo kwakunjalo ukuthi uMongameli Nixon wamnika amandla. UCalley wabulala iminyaka engu-3 1/2 eseboshiwe ekhaya e Fort Fort, eGenorgia, lapho ijaji lezokugcina liyala khona ukukhululwa kwakhe.
Ngo-2004, ibutho lempi laqala izinkantolo zamaphoyisa eziningi zamaphoyisa ezithunyelwa e-Iraq ngokuphatha kabi iziboshwa nababoshiwe. Amalungu amaningana athi alandela imiyalo yeziphathimandla zezempi. Ngeshwa (kubo), lokho kuvikela ngeke kuphephe. Ukuphathwa kabi kweziboshwa kungubugebengu ngaphansi kokubili komthetho wamazwe omhlaba kanye neKhodi Elingavamile Yezobulungiswa BaseMpi (bheka Isigaba 93 - Ukuhlukumezeka Nokuhlukunyezwa ).
Nokho ...
Kuyacaca, ngaphansi komthetho wezempi, ukuthi amalungu ezempi angabikwa icala ngenxa yobugebengu obwenziwe ngaphansi "kokulalela imiyalo," futhi akukho mfuneko yokulalela imiyalo engekho emthethweni. Kodwa-ke, nansi impuphu: Ilungu lezempi alilaleli imiyalo enjalo engozini yakhe. Ekugcineni, akusiyo noma ngabe ilungu lezempi licabanga ukuthi umyalelo awukho emthethweni noma awukho emthethweni; kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abaphathi bezempi (nezinkantolo) bacabanga ukuthi lo myalelo awukho emthethweni noma awukho emthethweni.
Thatha icala likaMichael New. Ngo-1995, u-Spec-4 uMichael New wayekhonza ne-1/15 Ibutho le-3 le-Infantry Division le-US Army eSchweinfurt, eJalimane. Lapho ebelwe njengengxenye yomsebenzi wokulondoloza ukuthula wezizwe eziningi zokuthunyelwa eMakedoniya, i-Spec-4 Entsha namanye amasosha eyunithi yakhe yayala ukuba zigqoke izikebhe ze-United Nations (UN) kanye nama-armbands. I-New yenqabe lo myalelo, iphikisana ngokuthi kwakungumthetho ongekho emthethweni. Abaphathi bamasha abavumelani. Ekugcineni, kanjalo nenkundla yamacala enkantolo. Intsha itholwe enecala lokungalaleli umyalelo osemthethweni futhi igwetshwe ukukhishwa kokuziphatha okubi. INkantolo Yezempi Yokudluliswa Kwezigebengu iqinisekisile lesi sigwebo, njengoba kwenza iNkantolo Yokudluliswa Kwezimpi ZaseMpi.
Kuyingozi kakhulu
Kuthiwani ngomyalelo wokubamba iqhaza emsebenzini obungozi? Ingabe isosha lempi lingakhipha umyalelo ngokusemthethweni ukuba uhambe "emshweni wokuzibulala?" Ukugembula abakwaziyo.
Ngo-Okthoba 2004, i-Army yamemezela ukuthi iyaphenya amalungu angama-19 e-platoon avela ku-343rd Quartermaster Company eseRed Hill, eNingizimu Carolina, ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuthutha impahla endaweni eyingozi yase-Iraq.
Ngokusho kwamalungu omndeni, amanye amabutho acabanga ukuthi lo mkhankaso "uyingozi kakhulu" ngoba izimoto zabo zazingavunyelwe (noma zinezikhali ezincane), futhi umzila ababekuhlelwe wona ungenye yezingozi kakhulu e-Iraq.
Ngokusho kwemibiko, la malungu ahlulekile ukukhombisa ukuhanjiswa kokuhamba ngaphambi kokuhamba.
Ngabe bangajeziswa ngalokhu? Ngokuqinisekile bayakwazi. Umyalelo wokwenza umsebenzi onobungozi uvunyelwe ngoba akuyona umyalo wokwenza ubugebengu. Ngaphansi komthetho wamanje, kanye ne-Manual for Courts-Martial, " Umyalelo ofuna ukusebenza komsebenzi wezempi noma isenzo kungenziwa ukuvunyelwa ukuba kuvunyelwe ngokomthetho futhi ungalaleli engozini yomuntu ophansi. oda, njengaleyo eqondisa ikhomishana yobugebengu. "
Eqinisweni, uma kungaboniswa ukuthi omunye noma amasosha amaningi ashukumise abanye ukuba bangamlaleli, bangathola ubugebengu be-Mutiny, ngaphansi kwe- Article 94 eyongezwa kuhlu lwamacala. I-Mutiny ithwala isigwebo sokufa, ngisho nesikhathi "sokuthula."
Ukulalela Noma Ukungalaleli?
Ngakho-ke, ukulalela, noma ukulalela? Kuxhomeke ku-oda. Amalungu aseMpi angamlaleli imiyalo engozini yawo. Baphinde balalele imiyalo engozini yabo. Umyalelo wokwenza ubugebengu awukho emthethweni. Umyalelo wokwenza umsebenzi wezempi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyingozi kangakanani ngokomthetho, uma nje ungafaki ukuthunyelwa kobugebengu.