Ukuqonda Ubuhlobo Phakathi Kwezinzuzo Zokuzithandela nama-HSAs
Njengoba kuphakanyiswa izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwempilo eziphezulu ezidonswayo e-US, ama-akhawunti wokulondoloza impilo (HSAs) iyindlela ewusizo, egcina imali yokusebenza yabasebenzi abaqashi abaningi abakunikelayo. Abasebenzi banethuba lokubeka eceleni imali ekhokhelwa ngaphambi kwentela kwi-akhawunti abangayisebenzisa ngezidingo eziningi zezokwelapha, okubandakanya ezinye izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezinjengokwelapha ukubhucisa, ukunakekelwa kwe-chiropractic kanye nokusekelwa okunomsoco.
Kusukela ngo-2017, i-SHRM ibika ukuthi i-Internal Revenue Service iphakamisa imingcele abantu abangayibeka eceleni kwi-HSA yabo (nge $ 50), okwenza kube inzuzo ekhangayo nakakhulu kubasebenzi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Akhawunti Yokulondoloza Impilo e-US
I-Employee Benefits Research Institute iyeluleka ukuthi, "kusukela ngoDisemba 31, 2016, kunama-akhawunti angama-5,5 wezigidi ze-HSA ngezindleko eziphelele ezilinganiselwa ku-$ 11.4 billion." Ucwaningo lubonise nokuthi abaningi be-akhawunti ye-HSA bavame ukusebenzisa ama-akhawunti abo ukukhokhela izindleko zemali , kufaka phakathi ama-deductibles, i-co-inshurensi, i-co-pay kanye nezindleko zemithi kadokotela. Abanye bawasebenzisa njengokuhlola ama-akhawunti ukukhokhela izinsizakalo ezihlobene nokuphila noma ukuhlela izindleko ezinkulu zezokwelapha, naphezu kokukwazi ukutshala lezi zimali kwamanye amathuba okuthola intela. Ngo-2016, imibiko ye-EBRI engamaphesenti angama-63 abasebenzisi beHSA abashiya izimali zezindleko ezihlukahlukene.
Izinzuzo zokuzithandela zingahlinzeka ukusekelwa kokulawula izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo
Ezinye izinketho abaqashi abanganikeza abasebenzi kubasebenzisa izinzuzo zokuzithandela ezihlinzeka ngezingqimba zokuvikela kwabasebenzi.
Lezi zisebenzi ezingu-100 zamasu ezizimele zizosiza ukunciphisa izindleko zemishanguzo yemishwalense yezokwelapha lapho abasebenzi besebenzisa izinhlelo zokuzithandela. Kodwa-ke, zisezinzuzo ezilinganiselwe, okunciphisa izindleko zabo ngokumangalisayo phezu kwezinye izinhlobo zomshuwalense.
Izibonelo zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zemihlomulo yokuzithandela zifaka:
- Izinhlelo zokusiza izibhedlela
- Umshuwalense wengozi
- Umshwalense we-Cancer nokugula okubucayi
- Umshuwalense wokuphila okungeziwe
- Umshuwalense wamazinyo
- Izinzuzo zesaphulelo sokubuka
- Umshuwalense wokukhubazeka wesikhashana kanye nesikhathi eside
- Ubunikazi bomshwalense wobunikazi
- Umshuwalense wezilwane
- Ukukhokhwa kwemali mboleko yabafundi
Izindlela Zokuzithandela Ezizuzisayo E-US
Ngokwe-Survey of Voluntary Benefits and Services Survey, ngo-2016 Towers Watson, "amaphesenti angu-92 abaqashi base-US akholelwa ukuthi izinzuzo zokuzithandela kanye nezinsizakalo zizobaluleka ekusebenzisaneni kwabo ngenani lemisebenzi esikhathini esizayo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu." Ngo-2015, leli phesenti lalingamaphesenti angu-73. Ngo-2018, iningi lezinzuzo ezizithandela ngenhla lizoba cishe ngamaphesenti angu-80 anikeza izinhlangano eziningi.
Kuphi Ukunyuka Kwezinzuzo Zokuzithandela Ezivela Kuyo?
Inani elikhulayo labasebenzi abadinga izinzuzo zokuzikhethela livela ezizukulwaneni ezincane ezifuna ukulawulwa okungaphezu kwezimali zabo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Abaningi bafuna izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezihlelekile ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukile zempilo yabo, futhi zingashintsha kalula ngonyaka unyaka njengoba ziguquka. Isibonelo, isisebenzi esisodwa singasifuna umshuwalense wesilwane. Emva kwalokho lomsebenzi ongashadile uyashada futhi udinga umshuwalense owengeziwe kumlingane ongenawo okwanele kumqashi wakhe.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abaningi nje abalahli imali yezimo eziphuthumayo njengabanye izizukulwane abazenzayo. Ucwaningo lwe-2017 Bankrate lwabantu abadala abangu-1,003 lubonise ukuthi amaphesenti angu-57 aseMelika ayinayo imali eyanele ukuze abone ngisho nezindleko ezingalindelekile ze $ 500. Izindleko ezinkulu kubantu zilungiswa imoto nekhaya, nezindleko zezokwelapha. Ngenkathi umnotho usuphuluke kancane kancane, umholo awuzange ugcine izindleko zokuphila kusukela ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-90. Ngakho-ke, ukwanda kokubili kwe-HSA kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlomula ngokuzithandela kunikeze abathengi izinsizakalo eziningi zokukhokha izindleko zezokwelapha.
Kungenzeka yini Izinzuzo Zokuzithandela Zisuse Ezinganeni Zokulondoloza Impilo?
Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo akukwazi futhi akufanele kube yindlela eyodwa-evumelana nayo yonke. Endabeni yokugcinwa kwemali yezimali kanye nezinzuzo zokuzithandela, abasebenzi banesinqumo sokubamba iqhaza noma cha.
Bangabuye banqume ukuthi bangakanani imali yabo engaphambi kwentela abafuna ukufaka kuyo kulezi zinhlelo. Abanye bangase banqume ukufaka imali esiphezulu kuma-HSA ukuze baxhaswe isidingo sokunakekelwa kwezempilo esikhathini esizayo (njengokuhlinzwa okubizayo noma ukukhulelwa), kanti abanye banganikeza ubuncane bokukhokha imithi nokunakekelwa kokuvimbela kuphela.
Amasu okuhlomula okuzithandela angase abe yindleko engcono kakhulu yabasebenzi abathile ukuba bahlele izidingo zezokwelapha. Kungenzeka ukuthi babhekene nokugula okungathí sina okubabeka esibhedlela njalo, ngakho-ke uhlelo lwesibonelelo esibhedlela olubakhokhela kakhulu ngokuhlala kungase lubekwe ngokucacile ngalezi zimo. Isisebenzi esiphathwe ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali singakhetha ukuhamba ngesimiso sokugula esibucayi esihlinzeka kakhulu ukwesekwa kwezezimali ngezindleko ezingalindelekile ezingahle zichithe i-akhawunti ye-HSA kumagazini amasonto.
I-HSA noMshuwalense Wokuzithandela
Umehluko phakathi kwama-HSA kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlomula ngokuzithandela zifanekisela kahle ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani.
Ama-akhawunti wokulondolozwa kwempilo angama-dollar angaphambi kwentela afakwa ngezinga elithile ngonyaka. Bangamaphesenti angu-100 abazondla ngemali ngabasebenzi abaqaphela iphesenti yemali yabo yokuhola bayonikezwa kule akhawunti ekhethekile isikhathi ngasinye sokukhokha. Izimali ze-HSA ziyanda, kodwa awuzuzi inzalo. Izimali zitholakala ngekhadi lokudonswa okufanele likhokhwe ngokuqondile kubahlinzeki, noma ngokuhambisa izimvume ezivunyelwe zokubuyiselwa kwi-akhawunti yasebhange. Uma isisebenzi sisebenzisa izimali zokukhokha insizakalo yezokwelapha ezivunyelwe noma umkhiqizo, kuwukuhlakanipha kwabo lapho benza kanjalo. Ezinye izisebenzi zivele zishiye izimali zodwa futhi zizisebenzise njengendawo yokukhokha yentela.
Izinzuzo zokuzikhethela ziwukusetshenziswa 'noma ukulahlekelwa' okukhethwa kukho, kufana nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokuhlomula kwabasebenzi. Inyanga ngayinye, abasebenzi bakhokhela i-premium encane nge-payroll deduction ukuze babambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokuzithandela lokuzikhethela. Bangamaphesenti angu-100 abazondla ngemali, kodwa (ngokungafani ne-HSAs) bahlela amaprimiyamu awahambeli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abasebenzi kumele banqume ukuthi bangayisebenzisa nini, kumele bafake izicelo zokuvuma, futhi imali ikhokhwe ngqo kubo (hhayi abahlinzeki). Lokhu kwenzeka kuzo zonke izimo ezifanelekayo. Ekupheleni konyaka, amalungu ahlomulayo anemali ekhokhwayo, futhi angaqeda ukufaka enye yale mali kwenye uhlobo lwe-akhawunti yokulondoloza. Kodwa kumele bahlawule intela kuso.
Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokuhlomula ngokuzithandela ezingathatha ama-akhawunti wokulondolozwa kwempilo zihloswe ngezidingo zezezimali nokunakekelwa ukuthi amalungu omuntu ngamunye anakho. Isibonelo, isisebenzi singabamba iqhaza kwinqubomgomo yengozi, uhlelo lokukhokhelwa kwezibhedlela, kanye nesicwangciso esibucayi sokugula. Lesi sisebenzi singase sithole ingalo ephukile, ngokuya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo nokuhlinzwa okulandelayo okudinga ukuhlala nokugula esibhedlela. Uhlelo lwengozi lungakhokha isamba esingu-$ 750 ngenxa yethambo eliphukile, uhlelo lokukhokhela izibhedlela lungakhokha imali eyizinkulungwane ezingu-1 ngosuku ngosuku lokuhlala esibhedlela, futhi uhlelo lokugula olubucayi luzokhokha u-$ 0. Uma ngabe unomsebenzi we-HSA, angakhetha ukusebenzisa lokhu ukuze akhokhele ama-deductibles angeziwe asebenzisa i-HDHP ejwayelekile yemithi kanye nokwelapha.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuhlomula ngokuzithandela kunika abasebenzi ithuba lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ngendlela abafuna ukusebenzisa ngayo imali yabo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, lapho bathola ukunakekelwa, futhi baxoxisane ngamanani aphansi. Zingathengwa ngezinye izinzuzo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi zilahle uma zingasasebenzi kubasebenzi. Izinhlelo zokuzithandela azibizi kakhulu ngamazinga eqembu, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinzuzo. Zingahle zizithengiwe uma umsebenzi ephakathi kwezinkathi zokubhalisa noma elahlekelwe ukufakwa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imitholampilo ethile yezokwelapha inikeza izinketho zokuzikhokhela kuphela, ezinganikeza imali yokugcina izindleko zokunakekelwa nokuphepha kahle. Kulesi simo, i-HSA noma uhlelo lomshuwalense wokuzithandela lingase lunikeze isivumelwano esingcono kubasebenzi kuye ngezidingo zabo. Lokhu kuncike ekutheni uhlobo lokunakekela olunikeziwe nenqubo yokugunyazwa.
Izinzuzo zokuzithandela zingaba indawo efanelekayo kwabasebenzi abaqala nje ngomsebenzi omusha. Kungenzeka ukuthi abangeke bathole ngokwanele ukukhokhela okungaphezulu kune-HDHP ephansi kunazo zonke ezinikezwa umqashi wabo, futhi abazange babe nesikhathi sokwakha imali eningi esikhwameni se-HSA noma i-akhawunti yokulondoloza okuphuthumayo. Kulokhu, uhlelo lokuhlomula ngokuzithandela lunganikeza inetha lokuphepha kuze kube yilapho bengakwazi ukugcina okuningi kwi-HSA, noma ukukhokhela umshwalense wezempilo omncane osezingeni eliphansi nomqashi.
Okwenza Abasebenzi Bakhethe Okunye
Lapho abaqashi bethola izinzuzo zokuzithandela ezifana nomshuwalense wamazinyo, ukunakekelwa kombono, umshuwalense wezilwane nezinye izinketho ezingafakwanga ezinhlelweni zomshuwalense wendabuko, kubhekwa njengebhonasi kwabasebenzi. Ababheki lokhu ngokuvamile njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Bangase bakhethe ukungasebenzisi i-HSA ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nokuphila okunempilo futhi kungadingeki ukunakekelwa okuningi. Bangase babe nezinye izindleko zokucindezela ezinjengezikweletu zezikweletu zabafundi nezindleko zomkhaya ezibavimbela ekugcineni imali ku-HSA. Noma kungenzeka ukuthi abazange bafundiswe emkhomeni omuhle wentela ohlinzeka nge-HSA.
Akungabazeki ukuthi izinhlelo zomshuwalense ngokuzikhethela zizohlala zithatha indawo yokugcinwa kwezimali ze-akhawunti, ngenxa yezizathu ezingenhla. Izinzuzo zokuzithandela azisebenzi nama-HSAs. Uma zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinketho zomshuwalense wezempilo kanye nama-akhawunti wokulondoloza impilo, lokhu kungukuthi abasebenzi be-smart abaphumelela kakhulu.
Ukuqonda ukuthi kanjani futhi kanjani ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuzithandela ngokuzithandela, lapho usebenzisa ama-HSA, nokuthi nini ukusebenzisa umshwalense wezokwelapha wendabuko wehla emfundweni nasekuqapheleni uhlobo ngalunye lwezinzuzo zepulani. Awekho indlela engamaphesenti angu-100 elungile yokusebenzisa izinzuzo zezempilo, kodwa kunezindlela eziningi zokugcina imali ekunakekelweni kwezempilo nokuhlala kahle. Abasebenzi kufanele bazame ukufunda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngazo zonke lezi zindlela ngaphambi kokukhetha.