Isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi yendiza akuyona into ethile yokuzikhethela; empeleni kungenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zezindiza uma kuziwa ekulawuleni i-trajectory yayo. Isikhungo sezindiza, esinqunyiwe ngezibalo eziqondile, kuyisici esibalulekile ekuqondiseni nasekuqiniseni indiza ngendiza ephumelelayo.
Isikhungo seGrivity (CG) sichazwe
Uma ubuke ubuke umuntu ohamba ngezintambo, ungase uqonde isikhungo sokuvuthwa.
I-walkrope walker ayiwi nje uma egcina isisindo somzimba wakhe sigxile ngqo ngaphezu kwe-tightrope. Angasebenzisa ukuhamba kwesambulela, ukukhishwa kwezingalo noma izisindo eziphazamisayo ukuze alondoloze ukulinganisela kwakhe, noma isikhungo sokuvuthwa komzimba, uma isikhundla sakhe somzimba kufanele sigxile kuze kube yilapho eqala ukubeka isikhala sakhe ngaphezulu. Ngenkathi imisindo ye-tightrope ijabulisa, uma kuziwa ezindizeni, isikhungo sokuvuthwa kwemvelo yisici esibucayi esibangela ukuklama nokulayisha kwezindiza kubaluleke kakhulu.
I-NASA ichaza igama elithi isikhungo sokudonsela phansi njengendawo ejwayelekile yesisindo sento.
Ngokuvamile, isikhungo sokuvuthwa kwezindiza yiyona iphuzu lapho lizobe lilinganiselwe uma limiswa emoyeni noma iphuzu lapho iningi lalo libheke khona. Isikhungo sedonsela phansi sibalwa ngokuthola kuqala i- datum , iphuzu lokulinganisa elibekwe umenzi, ngokuvamile lihlala emaphethelweni angaphambili emphethweni yendiza.
Ukusebenzisa izilinganiso ezithile ze-algebraic, ukulinganisa okulingana nokulinganisa kwe-indiza kuhlanganisa ukuchaza isikhungo se-formule yokuvuthwa kwemvelo. Isibonelo, ingalo nomzuzu kusebenza njengamaphesenti ayisihluthulelo ekubalweni . Ingalo imele ibanga elilinganiselwe ukusuka ku-datum kuya esikhungweni sezindiza, futhi umzuzwana isisindo sendiza, sinwetshwa ngengalo yayo.
Umkhiqizi wendiza ubeka imingcele enqunyiwe ye-CG, futhi abashayeli bezindiza kumele bavuselele kabusha i-CG bese bebeka impahla nemishini uma kudingeka ukuba bahlale ngaphakathi kwalezi zimingcele.
Esikhathini esivamile ukukhanya kwezindiza ezindizayo, isikhungo sokuvuthwa kwemvelo sitholakala nje kuphela, noma ngasemuva, kwesikhwama somlilo, noma nje lapho i-injini ikhona khona. Injini, i-avionics, umshayeli wezindiza kanye nabagibeli yizona izingxenye ezimbi kunazo zonke ezindizeni, futhi indawo yezinto ezimbi kunazo zonke ezindiza kuyoba indawo eseduze nendawo yedonsela phansi. Ezindiza ezinkulu, i-CG ingase ihluke ngokungahambisani nezindawo zokuphefumula futhi ilayishe ukucubungula, okwenza ukulayishwa okufanele kwezindiza okumele kube yindiza ephumelelayo.
Isikhungo Sokuvuthwa Kwemvelo
Indiza ngayinye ngayinye ilinganiswa ngokucophelela ngesitifiketi, futhi isikhungo sombuthano wendiza kanye nendawo yesikhashana sokuzibophezela kokubili kunqunywa futhi kunikezwe kumnikazi noma opharetha. Lezi zinombolo zinyatheliswa ngesisindo esisemthethweni nesimo sokulinganisela esigcinwe ngencwadi yokusebenza yendiza. Noma yisiphi isikhathi sokuguqulwa kwenziwa kwendiza, isakhiwo saso, noma izinhlelo zayo, isisindo esisha nesilinganiselo kubalwa futhi kudalwe ishidi elisha lwedatha.
Uma i- GPS entsha ifakiwe, isibonelo, indiza iphindwe kabusha futhi isikhungo esisha sokuvuthwa sibalwa futhi siqoshiwe.
Umshayeli ophethe umyalo, noma umphathi wenkampani noma i-dispatcher, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi abale isisindo nesilinganiso sezindiza ngaphambi kokushayela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngokulayishwa okuhlanganisiwe (imithwalo, abagibeli, uphethiloli, njll), indiza izohlala ngaphakathi kwesisindo sayo esiphezulu ukulinganiselwa kanye naphakathi nendawo yayo yokunciphisa amandla adonsela phansi, ngencwadi yokusebenza yokushayela yendiza ethile egelezayo.
Isikhungo sedonsela phansi kude kakhulu noma kude kakhulu singabangela izinkinga kumshayeli, futhi noma ngabe isimo singaba yingozi. I-CG ehamba phambili kakhulu inganciphisa ukusebenza. I-aft CG ingandisa ukwenziwa komsebenzi, kodwa ezindizeni ezincane ezincane, izokwenza indiza ingazinzi futhi ingabangela isimo lapho umshayeli angenawo ukulawula okwanele okumele abuyele esimweni esingaba khona se-stall / spin.