I-General Airport Lighting
Ukukhanya kwezikhumulo zezindiza ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi i-beacon yesikhumulo sezindiza nanoma yikuphi ukukhanya okukhanyayo okubomvu noma obomvu phezu kwemibhoshongo, izakhiwo kanye nemishini yokwakha. Ibhendi yesibhakabhaka ukukhanya okukhulu, okunamandla okujikelezayo okubonakala kakhulu kusuka kwamamayela kude. Ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kwamabhakoni ezindiza ukujikeleza okuhlaza nokumhlophe. Izikhumulo zezindiza zempi zijikeleza eziluhlaza futhi ezimhlophe kodwa zibe nezibani ezimbili ezimhlophe ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwehlukile, okuhlukanisa nezikhumulo zezindiza.
Futhi i-heliports iyashintsha phakathi kwezibani eziluhlaza, ezimhlophe neziphuzi. Abashayeli bezindiza ezindizayo ezweni elingasenqamula kalula isikhumulo sezindiza ebusuku kusukela ebhononini yayo, okwenza kube yinye yezindlela ezilula zokuhlola abagibeli bezindiza lapho behamba ebusuku. Ngezinye izikhathi abalawuli bezithuthi zomoya bangashintsha futhi bavaliwe njengoba kudingekile; ezinye izikhathi zibekwe kwi-timer. Izakhiwo zezindiza, imibhoshongo nezinye izinto ezide emkhakheni ziyoba nebhekoni encane, elihlale libomvu phezu kwabo ukusiza ukugwema ukushayisana kwezindiza ezindizayo.
Izibani zetekisi
- Izibani Zomgwaqo WeTaxiway: Izibani ezisebusweni zetekisi zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi zihamba ngamatekisi. Izikhumulo zezindiza zivame ukukhanya kwezibani eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ukukhanya kweBar Clearance - Ukubeka ngaphakathi kwetekisi, izibani zokukhanyisa ibhanti zihlale ziphuzi futhi zenzelwe ukwandisa ukubonakala komugqa wokubamba noma ukuhanjiswa kwamatekisi ebusuku.
- Misa izibani ze-Bar - Kufakwa kuphela ezikhungweni zezindiza ezikhethiwe, ukukhanya kwe-stop bar kuhloswe ukuqinisa imvume ye-ATC ukuwela noma ukufaka umgwaqo ezindaweni eziphansi zokubonakala (i- IMC ephansi) . Ziyizibani ezihamba phambili ezihamba ngokubomvu futhi zandlulisela ngaphesheya komzila wetekisi emgqeni omfushane. Uma umshayeli wesosha ekhishwa emgwaqweni, izibani ze-stop bar zizovaliwe.
- I-Runway Guard Lights - I-pair of lights emibili ephuzile ehlezi ngakwesokunene komzila wetekisi emgqeni omfushane, izibani zokulinda emgwaqeni zihloswe ukuze zibheke emgqeni omfushane-indawo lapho itekisi lihlangana khona nomgwaqo.
Izibani ze-Runway
- Izibani ze-Runway End Identifier (REILs): I-pair of lights ezikhanyayo ezimhlophe, omunye ohlangothini ngalunye wendlela ekupheleni komgwaqo, okusiza ukukhomba umgwaqo ukusuka ematekisi ebusuku.
- Ama-Lightway Edge Light Systems (i-HIRL / MIRL / LIRL): Izibani ezisemaphethelweni emigwaqo zikhanyisa kahle emaphethelweni emigwaqo. Ezingxenyeni zomculo, izibani ezimhlophe ziphenduka zibe ziphuzi phakathi nezinyawo ezingu-2 000 zokugcina, noma isigamu ubude bomgwaqo, noma yikuphi okuncane, bese kuvuleka njengoba indiza ifinyelela ekupheleni komgwaqo. Kungaba ukuphakama okukhulu (i-HIRL), ukuphakama okuphakathi (MIRL) noma ukuqina okuphansi (LIRL).
- Uhlelo lwe-Runway Centerline Lighting System (RCLS) - Ngezinye izindlela eziqondile, uhlelo olukhanyayo lwe-runway line lightline lufakwe, ngezibani ezimhlophe zihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezingu-50-ft emgodini womgwaqo. Ngamamitha angu-3 000 asele, izibani ezimhlophe zishintsha ukushintsha okumhlophe nokubomvu, bese zonke zibomvu ngesikhathi sokugcina ezingu-1 000.
- I-Touchdown Zone Lights (TDZL) - Izibani zendawo ye-Touchdown zikhanyiswa kahle ezimhlophe ezibekiwe emigqeni emibili eduze kwe-centerline, ziqala ngamamitha angu-100 futhi zanda emkhatsini womgwaqo, noma izinyawo ezingu-3 000 ngaphesheya kombundu, noma yikuphi okuncane.
- Izwe futhi Ubambe Izibani Ezifushane - Uma umhlaba futhi ubambe imisebenzi emifushane (i-LAHSO) isebenza, ukukhanyisa izibani ezimhlophe kungabonakala ngaphesheya komgwaqo osemgqeni omfushane.
- Okunye ukukhanyisa komgwaqo kungabandakanya i-Runway Status Lights (RWSL), okubandakanya i-Runway Entrance Lights (RELs), i-Takeoff Hold Light Array (THL), i-Runway Intersection Lights (RIL), kanye ne-Final Approach Runway Occupancy Signal (FAROS). Lezi zibani zisebenza ngokuhlanganyela nezinhlelo zokubhekwa ( njenge-ADS-B ) futhi zizenzekelayo ngokuzenzekelayo. Basiza ekutsheleni abashayeli bezindiza kanye nabasebenza emotweni lapho bephephile ukungena noma ukuwela umgwaqo.
Izibonisi ze-Glideslope ezibonakalayo
Izinkomba ezibonakalayo ze-glideslope zenzelwe ukunikeza abashayeli bezimoto umhlahlandlela wokubukwa ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwabo ukuze kugcinwe indlela ezinzile. Ziza izinhlobo ezimbili, ama-VASIs nama-PAPI, ngalinye lawo linamalungiselelo amaningi, kodwa zombili lezi zinikeza abashayeli bezindiza umqondo omuhle ukuthi ngabe basendleleni ye-glide yenqubo eqinile noma cha.
- Ama-VASIs, noma ama-Indicative Slope Indicators, kukhona imigoqo yezibani eceleni komgwaqo lapho, uma ukhanyiswa, unikeza abashayeli bezindiza isibonakaliso sokuthi ngabe indiza yabo iphakeme noma iphansi kakhulu endleleni. Ama-VASIs angakhiwa ngama-2, 4, 6, 12 noma ama-16, ngokuvamile atholakala emigodini emibili noma emithathu - eseduze, ephakathi naphakathi. I-VASI emibili ye-bar inikeza inkomba ye-glideslope ye-3-degree, ejwayelekile kulokho okumele iqhume ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Kuhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-bar-VASI, umshayeli kufanele abone izibani ezimbili ezibomvu emiphakathini ede kakhulu nezibani ezimbili ezimhlophe emiphakathini eseduze. Uma zonke izibani ezinkundleni eziseduzane nezide zibomvu, usephansi kakhulu. Uma zonke izibani ezinkundleni eziseduze nangemuva zimhlophe, uphakeme kakhulu. Ukubusa kwesibhayiseti sokusetshenziswa kwegundane "kubomvu ngaphezu komhlophe, ulungile."
- I-PAPI imele i-Precision Approach Path Indicator. Izibani ze-PAP zihlelwe ngokuzenzekelayo, futhi zifaka izibani ezine ezingabomvu noma ezimhlophe, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi indiza ayi-glideslope. Uhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-PAPI lusehlangothini lwesobunxele lomgwaqo. Lapho zonke izibani ezine zimhlophe, indiza iphezulu kakhulu. Njengoba wehlela endleleni ye-glide, izibani ngakwesokudla zizoqala ukuvuvukala. Uma indiza isendleleni eqondile, izibani ezimbili ezisele kufanele zibe mhlophe, futhi izibani ezimbili ezifanele kufanele zibomvu. Uma izibani ezintathu noma ngaphezulu zibomvu, kubonisa ukuthi indiza iphansi kakhulu.
Umthombo: I-DOD / I-Aeronautical Information Manual