Isigaba 3
Uma ngithunjwa ngizoqhubeka ngimelana nazo zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo. Ngizokwenza yonke imizamo yokubalekela nokusiza abanye ukuba babalekele. Angiyikumukela i-parole noma umusa okhethekile kusuka esitha.
Incazelo
Iphutha lokuthunjwa alinciphisi umsebenzi welungu lezimpi ezihlomile ukuqhubeka nokulwa nokuxhashazwa kwesitha ngazo zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo. Ngokuphambene neMibuthano YaseGeneva , izitha amabutho ase-US aye azibandakanya kusukela ngo-1949 ziye zabona i-POW ekomidini njengendlela yokwandiswa kwempi.
I-POW kumele ilungiselelwe leli qiniso.
Isitha sisebenzise izindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa ama-POW ngezinhloso ze-propaganda noma ukuthola ulwazi lwezempi ngokungahambisani nemibuthano yaseGeneva. I-CoC idinga ukumelana nemikhuba yokuxhashazwa kwe-captor. Esikhathini esidlule, izitha zase-United States ziye zasebenzisa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, ukuhlukunyezwa okujwayelekile, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukunganakekelwa kwezokwelapha kanye nokugxila kwezombusazwe ngokumelene ne-POWs.
Isitha sizamile ukuzama i-POWs ukwamukela izintandokazi ezikhethekile noma amalungelo anganikezwa amanye ama-POW ngokubuyisela izitatimende noma ulwazi olufunwa isitha noma isibambiso se-POW ukuze ungazami ukuphunyuka.
Ama-POW akufanele afune amalungelo akhethekile noma amukele izintandokazi ezikhethekile ngezindleko ze-POWs ezikanye nabo.
Imihlangano Ye-Geneva iyaqaphela ukuthi imithethonqubo yezwe le-POW lingase libeke umthwalo wokubalekela nokuthi i-POWs ingazama ukubalekela. Ngaphansi kokuqondiswa nokuqondiswa komuntu ophezulu wezempi kanye nenhlangano ye-POW, i-POWs kufanele ilungele ukusizakala ngamathuba okuphunyuka noma nini lapho ivela khona.
Ekuboshiwe komphakathi, inhlalakahle ye-POWs ehlala ngemuva kumele icatshangelwe. I-POW kumele "icabange ukuphunyuka," kumele uzame ukuphunyuka uma ukwazi ukwenza kanjalo, futhi kufanele usize abanye ukuba babalekele.
Imihlangano YeGeneva igunyaza ukukhululwa kwe-POWs ngokukhululeka kuphela ekuvunyelwaneni kwezwe le-POWs futhi kuvimbela ukuphoqa i-POW ukuthi yamukele isibopho.
Izivumelwano zephalale zithembisa i-POW inikeza i-captor ukuthi ifeze izimo ezichazwe, njengokungathi kuthwale izikhali noma ukungaphunyuki, ngokubhekwa ngamalungelo akhethekile, njengokukhululwa ekuthunjweni noma ukuvinjelwa okuncane. I-United States ayigunyazi noma yiluphi ilungu leNsizakalo Yezempi ukuthi lisayine noma lingene esivumelwaneni esinjalo sesiphambano.
Yisiphi isisebenzi samaMpi Okudingeka Siyazi
Ngokuqondile, amalungu eSevisi kufanele:
- Qonda ukuthi ukuthunjwa kuyisimo esihilela ukulawulwa okuqhubekayo ngumuntu ophethe i-captor ongase azame ukusebenzisa i-POW njengomthombo wolwazi lwezempi, ngezinhloso zezombusazwe, futhi njengengxenye engase ibe yinto yokuzivocavoca kwezombusazwe.
- Yazi kahle amalungelo nezibopho zombili i-POW kanye ne-captor ngaphansi kweMigomo yase-Geneva futhi uqaphele ukubaluleka kokumelana nokumelana kufanele umnikazi we-captor wenqaba ukuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zeMigomo yase-Geneva. Qaphela ukuthi ukumelana neCoC kudinga kuqondiswe emizamweni yokuxhaphaza, ngenxa yokuthi imizamo enjalo iphula imihlangano yaseGeneva.
- Qonda ukuthi ukumelana okungaphezu kwalokho okukhonjiwe ngenhla kwe-POW kuya ekujezisweni okungenzeka yi-captor yokuhleleka nokuhlukunyezwa kwesiyalo. Izenzo ezithile ze-POW zingashushiswa njengecala lobugebengu ngokumelene namandla okugcina.
- Yazi, futhi ulungiselelwe, ukuthi amazwe athile abuyele ku-Article 85 ka-1949 i-Geneva Convention (III) ngo-1949 ngokuphathelene nokuphathwa kweziboshwa zempi. Isigaba sama-85 sinikeza ukuvikeleka ku-POW enecala lobugebengu ngokusekelwe emaqinisweni avela ngaphambi kokuthunjwa. Qonda ukuthi abathumbi abavela emazweni abonise ukubhuka ku-Article 85 bavame ukusongela ukusebenzisa ukubhuka kwabo njengesisekelo sokusola wonke amalungu eqembu elihlomile ngokuthi "izigebengu zempi." Ngenxa yalokho, i-POWs ingase ithole ukuthi iyamangalelwa ngokuba "izigebengu zempi" ngoba nje ilwa nokulwa nalawa mazwe ngaphambi kokuthunjwa. Uhulumeni wase-US kanye namanye amazwe amaningi awaqapheli ukufaneleka kwalokhu kuxabana.
- Qonda ukuthi ukuphunyuka okuphumelelayo yi-POW kubangela ukuthi isitha sokuguqula amandla okungase kube ukulwa, unikeza i-United States ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nesitha nezinye i-POWs ekuthunjweni, futhi liyisibonelo esihle kuwo wonke amalungu e-Armed Forces.
- Qonda izinzuzo zokuphunyuka okusheshayo ukuthi amalungu omkhosi wamandla ngokuvamile avame ukusondelana. Kuwo wonke umuntu othunjiwe, umzamo wokuqala wokuphunyuka usebenzisa inzuzo yokuthi abathumbi bokuqala ngokuvamile abaqeqeshiwe abaqeqeshiwe, ukuthi uhlelo lokuphepha luyinkinga, nokuthi i-POW ingakabi nesimo somzimba esibucayi.
- Qondisisa ukubaluleka kokuhlela ukuphunyuka ekuqaleni komzuzu wokuqala nokuqhubeka nokuhlela ukuphunyuka kulo lonke ukuthunjwa ngisho noma kungekho amathuba okubalekela okusobala. I-POW kufanele iqoqe ulwazi ngokubambelela kulabo abathumba, amandla kanye nobuthakathaka besakhiwo kanye nabasebenzi bayo bezokuphepha, indawo eseduzane nemibandela engathinta umzamo wokuphunyuka, nezinto nezinto ezisekampeni ezingase zisekele umzamo wokubalekela. Lokhu okuqaphile nokuhlela okuqhubekayo ukuphunyuka izindawo i-POW esesimweni esihle kakhulu sokusebenzisa, ukusiza, noma ukuhlinzeka usizo ngesikhathi sokuphunyuka.
- Yazi kahle izinkinga zokuphunyuka ngemuva kokufika ekamu elimisiwe le-POW. Lezi zingabandakanya izindawo ezivikelekile kanye nesistimu yokuqapha abanolwazi, ukukhula okwedlulele emabuthweni anobungane, isimo esibucayi seziboshwa, izici ezingokwengqondo ezinciphisa ukukhuthazwa kokuphunyuka ("i-barbed-wire syndrome"), kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlanga ezihlukene zomuntu ophunyukileyo kanye nesitha .
- Qondisisa indima yokulawula umyalo womuntu omkhulu wezempi wase-United States kanye nenhlangano ye-POW ekuphunyukeni emakamu ase-POW asekelwe.
- Qondisisa imithwalo yemfanelo yokubalekela kuma-POWs ahlangane nabo.
- Qonda ukuthi ukwamukelwa kwe-parole kusho i-POW ivumile ukungabambi iqhaza esenzweni esicacisiwe, njengokubalekela noma ukuthwala izingalo, ngokushintshanisa ilungelo elinikeziwe, nokuthi inqubomgomo yase-US ivimbela i-POW ukuthi yamukele leso sikhulu.
- Qonda imiphumela ku-POW inhlangano nokuziphatha, kanye nemiphumela engokomthetho, yokwamukela umusa esitheni okuholela ekuzuzeni izinzuzo noma amalungelo angatholakali kuwo wonke ama-POWs. Izinzuzo namalungelo anjalo zihlanganisa ukwamukela ukukhululwa ngaphambi kokukhululwa kwe-POWs abagulayo noma abalimele noma labo abaye bathunjwa isikhathi eside. Izintandokazi ezikhethekile zibandakanya ukuthuthukiswa kokudla, ukuzijabulisa, nezimo zokuphila ezingatholakali kwamanye ama-POWs.
Izinhlinzeko ezikhethekile zabasebenzi bezokwelapha kanye namaphutha
Ngaphansi kwemihlangano yaseGeneva, abasebenzi bezokwelapha ababandakanyeke kuphela kwezokwelapha amabutho abo ahlomile nabafundisi abawela ezandleni zesitha "bagcinwa abasebenzi" futhi abangeyona i-POWs. Imihlangano Ye-Geneva idinga isitha sokuvumela abantu abanjalo ukuba baqhubeke nokwenza imisebenzi yabo yezokwelapha noma yezenkolo, okungcono kuma-POWs ezweni lakubo. Lapho izinsizakalo zalabo "abasebenzi abagcinwe" bengasadingeki kulezi zisebenzi, isitha sibophezele ukubabuyisa emandleni abo.
Abasebenzi bezokwelapha kanye nabafundisi beMisebenzi Yezempi abawela ezandleni zesitha kumele baqinisekise amalungelo abo ngokuthi "bagcinwa abasebenzi" ukwenza imisebenzi yabo yezokwelapha nezenkolo ukuze kuzuze ama-POWs futhi kumele bathathe wonke amathuba okwenza kanjalo.
Uma i-captor evumela abasebenzi bezokwelapha kanye nabafundisi ukuba benze imisebenzi yabo yobuchwepheshe ngenhlalakahle yomphakathi we-POW, i-latitude ekhethekile igunyaze labo basebenzi ngaphansi kweCoC, njengoba kusebenza ekubalekeni.
Njengabantu ngabanye, abasebenzi bezokwelapha kanye nabafundisi abadingeki ukuba babalekele noma balekelele abanye ekuphunyeleni uma nje isitha sibheka njengabantu "abagcinwe abasebenzi." Ukuhlangenwe nakho kwe-US kusukela ngo-1949 lapho iMivumelwano YaseGenva iphothulwa okokuqala ibonisa ukulandelwa okulinganiselwe ngabathunjwa basebenzi base-US ngalezo zinhlinzeko. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha base-US kanye nabafundisi bezemfundo kumele balungiselele ukuphathwa njengamanye ama-POW.
Uma i-captor engavumeli abasebenzi bezokwelapha nabafundisi ukuba benze imisebenzi yabo yobuchwepheshe, babhekwa njengento efanayo nawo wonke amanye ama-POW ngokuqondene nemithwalo yabo ngaphansi kweCCC. Ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo ingabe i-latitude eyinikezwa abasebenzi bezokwelapha kanye nabafundisi bazohunyushwa ukuze ivume noma yiziphi izenzo noma ukuziphatha okulimazayo ku- POW s noma izithakazelo ze-United States.