Ibhizinisi Abesifazane Emsebenzini
Ngiyaqhayisa futhi ngiyadumisa impumelelo yomsebenzi yalezi zinshinja zebhizinisi futhi ngithemba ukuthi bonke abantu bafunda ekuhlakanipheni nasempumelelo yabo. Ngempela, abanye balaba besifazane bangamaqhawe ami.
Rock on!
Kodwa-ke, kwenzekani kubo bonke abanye besifazane emsebenzini? Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ikusasa lithini ngabesifazane besomabhizinisi emsebenzini?
Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yini abesifazane abayifinyelele manje nokuthi yini ikusasa elibambelela besifazane nomsebenzi? Masiphakamise ibhola lethu le-crystal bese senza ukubikezela okumbalwa okusekelwe ezibalo zamanje kanye nokuhlola mayelana nabesifazane nomsebenzi. Ngizokubonisa izibalo zangaleso sikhathi futhi ngixoxe ngekusasa labesifazane nomsebenzi. Ngiphinde ngincoma izinhloso nemibono ukusiza abaqashi baqhubeke nokufeza le nkambiso yabesifazane emsebenzini. Funda ku-.
Iyiphi Ipesenti Yabesifazane Abasebenza?
Okwamanje:
"Ngo-1950 owesifazane oyedwa kwabayisithathu wabamba iqhaza emisebenzini yabasebenzi. Ngonyaka ka-1998, cishe abesifazane abathathu kwabahlanu ababeneminyaka yobudala basebenzayo babesemsebenzini. Phakathi kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-16 nangaphezulu, izinga lokubamba iqhaza kwabasebenzi laba ngamaphesenti angu-33.9 ngo-1950, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-59.8 ngo-1998.
Amaphesenti angama-63.3 wabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala engu-16 kuya ku-24 basebenza ngo-1998 ngokumelene namaphesenti angu-43.9 ngo-1950.
Amaphesenti angu-76,3 wabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-25 kuya ku-34 asebenza ngo-1998 ngokumelene namaphesenti angu-34 ngo-1950.
Amaphesenti angu-77,1 wabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala engama-35 kuya ku-44 abesebenza ngo-1998 ngokumelene namaphesenti angu-39.1 ngo-1950
Amaphesenti angu-76,2 wabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-45 kuya ku-54 asebenza ngo-1998 ngokumelene namaphesenti angu-37.9 ngo-1950.
Amaphesenti angu-51,2 wabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala engama-55 kuya ku-64 asebenza ngo-1998 ngokubhekene namaphesenti angu-27 ngo-1950
Amaphesenti angu-8,6 wabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala asebenza ngo-1998 ngokumelene namaphesenti angu-9.7 ngo-1950.
Umthombo: UMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-US: Izinguquko Ekubambeni Komsebenzi Wabesifazane
Okwamanje:
"Njengoba abesifazane abaningi bengezwa emisebenzini yabasebenzi, isabelo sabo sizosondela kumadoda. Ngo-2008, abesifazane bazokwenza cishe amaphesenti angu-48 abasebenzi kanye namadoda angu-52. Ngo-1988, amasheya ayenayo ayengama-45 no-55%. "
Umthombo: UMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-US: AbakwaSifazane Yabasebenzi Labasebenzi
Abesifazane kanye ne-Absenteeism
Okwamanje:
Njengoba ungalindela ngenxa yezindaba zasekhaya nasemndenini, "ngo-1998, cishe amaphesenti angama-4 abasebenzi abasebenza isikhathi esigcwele babengekho emsebenzini wabo ngesonto elivamile lomsebenzi - okusho ukuthi basebenza amahora angaba ngu-35 ngesonto ngenxa yokulimala, ukugula, noma ezinye izizathu ezihlukahlukene. Mayelana namaphesenti angu-5.1 abesifazane (kufaka phakathi amaphesenti angu-5,6 abesifazane abaseneminyaka engu-20 kuya ku-24) ababengekho ngesonto elivamile, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-2.7 Phakathi kwalabo abangekho, abesifazane bekungaba khona amathuba okuba engekho ngenxa yezizathu ngaphandle kokulimala noma ukugula. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kwabesifazane uma kuqhathaniswa nokungabikho kwamadoda angaphansi kwengxenye eyodwa kwezingu-1 zavela kwezinye izizathu. "
Umthombo: UMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-US: Abesifazane Abama-Absenceeism
Ukubikezela:
Inani labesifazane lizoqhubeka landa kwabasebenzi. Abesifazane bazoqhubeka benomthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko ezindabeni zasekhaya nasemndenini, ngaleyo ndlela kuphazamise ukuhamba kwabantu emsebenzini.
Lokho Abaqashi Bangakwenza:
Abaqashi bazobekelwa inselele ukuhlinzeka izixazululo ezinomndeni kubantu abasebenzayo abadinga ukuguquguquka kokunakekelwa kwengane nokunakekelwa abadala. Lezi zixazululo zingabandakanya:
- ukwabelana ngemisebenzi ,
- umsebenzi wesikhathi esithile,
- abasebenzi basebenza ekhaya noma nge-telecommuting,
- izikhathi zokuqala nezikhathi zokuyeka nezimo zebhizinisi eziyisisekelo eziguquguqukayo, futhi
- ukukhokha ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokuphazamiseka komsebenzi ongakhokhelwa ukunakekelwa kwengane nokunakekelwa komdala.
Amasistimu okuya e-inflexible ayoshayela abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe nabazinikezele kubaqashi ababhekana nezindaba zomndeni ngobuciko nokukhathazeka.
Abaqashi kudingeka baqaphele kakhulu imihlahlandlela ye-Equal Employment Opportunity.
Zikhona ukudala ukulingana nabaqashi abaningi kakhulu basasebenza njengemidlalo yezinombolo ngenxa yezidingo zokubika.
Njengoba kunconywe yi-Women Employed Institute, yenza abesifazane bazi kahle imisebenzi ehlinzeka ngamathuba aphezulu okukhokha. Imisebenzi eminingi yabesifazane ifakwe emisebenzini "yebesifazane" ekhokha kahle. Ukugqugquzela nokufundisa abesifazane ngalolu thuba ukuze abesifazane balandele amathuba okufunda kulezi zindlela eziphakeme ezikhokhelwayo.
IsiCatalyst, esibheka ukuqhubekela phambili kwabesifazane emsebenzini, sabika ukuthi kusukela ngo-1998, amaphesenti angu-2.7 kuphela ezikhulu ezikhokhelwayo eziphakeme kakhulu ezinkampanini ze-Fortune ezingu-500 kwakungabesifazane. Abesifazane bayaqhubeka bephethe ukukhokhelwa okuphansi okukhokhelwayo okusemakhaya, ukubhalisa, kanye nemisebenzi yokuphatha.
Okulandelayo, sizobheka ukuthi abesifazane baye bathuthuka kanjani emalini nasemfundweni futhi bacabangele amathuba omqashi okwandisa inqubekela phambili.
Unentshisekelo Kuzuzwa Kwabesifazane Nemfundo?
"Amaphesenti amasonto angama-40 kuya ku-44-44 njengamaphesenti amadoda ayenyuka kusuka ku-58.3% kuya ku-73.0% kusukela ngo-1979 kuya ku-1993, ukuphakama kwamaphesenti angu-14.7.
Kukhona nokwanda kwenzalo yezinsikazi zamadoda kusukela kwabaneminyaka engu-45 kuya ku-54 kusukela ngo-1979 kuya ku-1993. "
Umthombo: UMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-US: Imali Yabesifazane
"Ngomnyaka we-1998, abesimame emisebenzini yezokuphatha neyomsebenzi bazuza okungaphezulu ngeviki kunabesifazane kwezinye imisebenzi.
Izindleko zabo zamasonto onke zaziphakathi kwamaphesenti angama-56 kunama-technical, abathengisi, nabasebenzi bokusekela ukuphatha, isigaba esilandelayo. "
Umthombo: UMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-US: Abesifazane Esikhundleni Sokuphatha, Izisebenzi Zomsebenzi Bazuze Okuningi
"Ukubhekwa kwemali yabesifazane eminyakeni engama-20 edlule kubonisa isithombe esixubene senqubekela phambili. Imali etholakalayo yokuguqulwa kwemali yenyuka yenzelwe cishe amaphesenti angu-14 kusukela ngo-1979, kuyilapho amadoda enqatshelwe ngamaphesenti angaba ngu 7. Kodwa ngenkathi imiholo yabesifazane isithuthukile ngokulingana namadoda, abesifazane abasebenza isikhathi esigcwele bathola ngokwenza amaphesenti angaba ngu-76 kuphela yalokho abantu abathola ngo-1998. Ukuthola imali yabesifazane abanezigrijini zasekolishi kwakudonsela cishe amaphesenti angu-22 kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule kodwa, abesifazane abangenayo imfundo ephakeme ngemuva kokufunda kancane, kwakungekho nentuthuko encane . "
Umthombo: Ukubuyekezwa Kwenyanga Yomsebenzi Online , "Imivuzo Yabesifazane," (December 1999).
"Abesifazane basebenza isikhathi esigcwele emsebenzini wokuzikhethela okhokhelwayo bazuze u-$ 682 ngo-1998, ngaphezu kwabesifazane abaqashiwe kunoma yimuphi omunye umkhakha omkhulu wokusebenza.
Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu labaphathi, abesifazane abasebenza njengogqirha, amakhemikhali nabameli babenenzuzo ephezulu kakhulu.
Ukwabelana ngemisebenzi yabesifazane emisebenzini evezwe yimali engenayo ephakeme iye yanda. Ngo-1998, amaphesenti angama-46,4 abasebenzi abasebenza isikhathi esigcwele kanye nabasebenzi abahola emisebenzini yokuphatha, yokuphatha, nokuphatha kwaba abesifazane, kusukela ku-34.2% ngonyaka ka-1983, unyaka wokuqala idatha efana nayo iyatholakala.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abesifazane njengengxenye yabasebenzi bezisebenzi ezikhethekile baphuma ngamaphesenti angu-46.8 kuya kuma-51.6%.
"Ngokuphambene nalokho, kwakungekho ushintsho oluncane kumsebenzi wesifazane wesikhathi esigcwele kanye nomsebenzi wemiholo emaqenjini asele asebenzayo. Ngo-1983, abesifazane babenemisebenzi engu-77.7 yokusekela imisebenzi yokusekela; ngonyaka ka-1998, basebenamaphesenti angama-76.3 emisebenzi. " Abesifazane babemele amaphesenti angu-7.9 wokukhiqiza ngokucacile, abasebenzi bokulungisa nokulungisa, ngo-1983 no-1998.
Umthombo: UMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-US: Amaphuzu avelele eNzuzo Yabesifazane
Okwamanje:
"Phakathi kwabafundi base-1998 abaphothule esikoleni esiphakeme, abesifazane abaningi kunabesilisa ababhalise ekolishi. Ngo-Okthoba, abesifazane abasha abangu-938 000 abaphothule esikoleni esiphakeme ngo-1998 babesebenza ekolishi ngenkathi kubhaliswa izinsizwa ezingu-906,000." Umkhuba wabesifazane abaningi abaya ekolishi uyaqhubeka.
Umthombo: UMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-US: Imfundo Yabesifazane
Ukubikezela:
Ukukhokhela abesifazane kuzoqhubeka nokulahla amadoda akhokhelwayo athola imisebenzi efanayo, ngisho nalapho owesifazane enemfundo eminingi. Umkhuba wabesifazane abaningi abaya ekolishi uzoqhubeka, nakuba ngizobukela ama-majors abawaphishekela kamuva kule sici. Ucwaningo olukhethiwe luyathinta kokubili ukukhokha kwabo kanye nokukwazi ukusebenza kwabo.
Lokho Abaqashi Bangakwenza:
Abaqashi, okubaluleke kakhulu, badinga ukwazi kahle igebe lokukhokha elisekhona phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane okwenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Abaphathi, kuwo wonke amazinga, abalawula amaholo kanye nezabhajethi, kudingeka bazibophezele ekukhokheni abantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubulili, inani elifanayo lemali yomsebenzi ofanayo.
Abesifazane kudingeka bahlale bexhumana nomsebenzi wabo siqu. Uma owesifazane eyazi ukuthi wenza imali encane kunomuntu, futhi zonke ezinye izindaba zibonakala zilingana, uzibophezele ukuthatha icala kumphathi wakhe naseziNkambeni zabasebenzi. Angasiza ekwakheni indawo yokusebenzela engabesilisa ngokobulili futhi akhuthaze ukufaneleka kwakhe.
Abaqashi kudingeka baqaphele kakhulu imihlahlandlela ye-Equal Employment Opportunity. Zikhona ukudala ukulingana nabaqashi abaningi kakhulu besabasebenza njengemidlalo yezinombolo ngenxa yezimfuneko zokulandelela nokubika.
Ngizojabula kakhulu ukubona ukuzibophezela kwangempela ekukhokheni abantu ngokulinganayo ngokusekelwe emnikelweni.
Njengoba kunconywe yi-Women Employed Institute, yenza abesifazane bazi kahle imisebenzi ehlinzeka ngamathuba aphezulu okukhokha. Imisebenzi eminingi yabesifazane ifakwe emisebenzini "yebesifazane" ekhokha kahle. Ukugqugquzela nokufundisa abesifazane ngalolu thuba ukuze abesifazane balandele amathuba okufunda kulezi zindlela eziphakeme ezikhokhelwayo.
IsiCatalyst, esibheka ukuqhubekela phambili kwabesifazane emsebenzini, sabika ukuthi kusukela ngo-1998, amaphesenti angu-2.7 kuphela ezikhulu ezikhokhelwayo eziphakeme kakhulu ezinkampanini ze-Fortune ezingu-500 kwakungabesifazane. Abesifazane bayaqhubeka bephethe ukukhokhelwa okuphansi okukhokhelwayo okusemakhaya, ukubhalisa, kanye nemisebenzi yokuphatha.
{p} Okulandelayo, ake sibheke izinombolo zamanje zamakhosikazi emisebenzini yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, zabikezelwa ukunikeza amathuba amakhulu emashumini eminyaka alandelayo. Khona-ke, sizocabangela ukuthi yini abaqashi abangayenza ukuze bakhuthaze ukubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane kulezi zisebenzi.
Unentshisekelo kwabesifazane besayensi nobuchwepheshe?
"Ngokwe-2001 I-Current Population Survey (CPS), insizakalo eyodwa kwabayishumi abaqashiwe yayingowesifazane, kuyilapho ababili bezobuchwepheshe bezobunjiniyela abasebenzayo abayishumi bebesifazane. Phakathi kwezici zobunjiniyela, izimboni, izimboni, amakhemikhali kanye nemishini yabezindaba kuphela imisebenzi lapho abesifazane bebamelele khona kakhulu kunamaphesenti angu-total of female engineers.
Phakathi kwabesosayensi bemvelo, abesifazane babemele amaphesenti angu-51.6 wabosayensi bezokwelapha kanye namaphesenti angu-44.4 wezinto eziphilayo neziphilayo, kodwa babheka ingxenye encane yezazi ze-geologists nama-geodesist (amaphesenti angu-24,0), izazi ze-physic and astronomers (amaphesenti angu-7.7).
"Ukuqashwa kwabafazi kuye kwagxila emisebenzini eminingi ephezulu ekhombisa ukuthembiswa kokukhula esikhathini esizayo. Abahlinzeki be-Software nabakwa-hardware bathole ukwamukelwa njengendlela yokulungiselela abasebenzi basezingeni eliphezulu bezobuchwepheshe emisebenzini emkhakheni. izindlela eziningi ezisebenza emisebenzini ephakeme, kanye namathuba ezitshengweni ezintsha zokuqinisekisa izitifiketi. Futhi kudingeka badinge imisebenzi ephakeme kakhulu ngamanani amaningi. "
Inamba ekhulayo yamakholeji abhalisa abesifazane abaningi kunamadoda ezikoleni zabo zezokwelapha. "Abesifazane babephethe amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-45 abafakizicelo nabafundi abasha ezikoleni zezokwelapha zase-United States ngo-1999-2000. Inani labesifazane abahlala kwezokwelapha lenyuke kusuka ku-28% labo bonke abahlali ngo-1989 kuya kuma-38 amaphesenti ngo-1999 ngokusho kwe-Association of American Medical Colleges. Abesifazane ku-US Academic Medicine Statistics 1999-2000. "
Umthombo: [link url = http: //www.amwa%2Ddoc.org/careers/html/then%5Fnow.html] I-American Medical Women's Association
Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, intuthuko yabesifazane iyaqhubeka. I-American Veterinary Medical Association ithi: "Manje abafundi abaningi ezikoleni zezilwane bangabantu besifazane, kanti ngo-2005, abesifazane bazoba ngabaningi emsebenzini." Nakuba isibalo sabahlengikazi besifazane e-United States siphindwe kabili kusukela ngo-1991, kwafika ku-24 356, inani labahlengikazi besilisa liye lawa ngamaphesenti angu-15, kwafika ku-33 461. "
Umthombo: I-New York Times: Yilu Zhao (Juni 9, 2002)
Ukubikezela:
Nansi inselele. Ngokwesiko, izinsimu zemisebenzi ezaba ngabesifazane abahlukunyezwa ngokwemali yokukhokha, amathemba, nesimo. Akuyona inhloso yalesi sihloko ukulandelela lo mlando, kodwa cabanga ngemisebenzi eyake yaba yindoda elawulwa yilabo besifazane abaningi: izikhundla zemabhalane, imisebenzi yokuphatha, ukuhlengikaza, ukufundisa, umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle kanye nezikhundla zokudayisa. Ingabe imithi yezilwane kanye nensizakalo yezokwelapha izolandela indlela efanayo?
Impendulo, ngeshwa, ingu-yebo. Ngiyakholwa lapho abesifazane bephethe insimu, insimu iba mnandi kakhulu futhi iyakhaka njengomsebenzi.
Ukwengeza, ngenkathi sithuthuka, njengomphakathi, izibalo engizibonayo zibonisa iphesenti labesifazane abahamba emfundweni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nomsebenzi wezesayensi onzima owehla ngo-2002. (Bheka isihloko se- Wired News ngezansi, njengesibonelo.
Lokho Abaqashi Bangakwenza:
Lena yindawo enzima okuzokwenza izincomo kubaqashi. Izinto eziningi ezithandwa ngabanye kanye nezindinganiso zakhiwe ekuqaleni kwesikhathi empilweni ngezemvelo nendawo yontanga kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwesikole kanye nempumelelo. Nakuba ngingathanda ukukholelwa ukuthi sithuthuka, njengomphakathi, amantombazane nabafana basakhula, belulekwa futhi baphathwa ngokuhluke kakhulu.
(Lesi sihloko esithi Kungani Amantombazane Engacubangi , kusukela kwi- Wired News , iveza ezinye zezinselelo.) Nokho, kukhona imizamo abaqashi abangayenza.
Ukunikeza amathuba okuqeqesha abesifazane kanye nemfundo ezobalungiselela ukukhuthazwa ezikhundleni zobuchwepheshe nesayensi.
Hiring inani elilinganayo labesifazane ekuqeqesheni kanye nasezinhlelo zemfundo ezixhaswe ngumqashi ezizozilungiselela indlela yokusebenza emisebenzini ephakeme yokukhokhela, ezobuchwepheshe.
Khombisa abesifazane kwezobuchwepheshe bese usebenza namakhompyutha . Abaningi abazange babe nethuba futhi bangaba nokuqonda okungaqondakali kwamakhono nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze basebenze ngempumelelo ikhompyutha.
Sebenza esikoleni sakho sokuqala, esikoleni esiphakathi, esikoleni esiphakeme, ekolishi lomphakathi nasekolishi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo nezinhlelo zemfundo zikhona eziveza amantombazane kwezobuchwepheshe, izibalo, nesayensi, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yokusiza, ekuqaleni.
Qinisekisa ukuthi amakilabhu, imincintiswano yeprojekthi yesayensi, kanye nawo wonke amanye amathuba, afinyelele ngokulinganayo kumantombazane.
Kule ndawo yokusebenza, kunikezwe izinselelo abaqashi ababhekana nazo ekudaleni izindawo zokusebenza eziguquguqukayo nokugqugquzela abesifazane emisebenzini ngokukhokha okuphezulu kanye nesimo esiphakeme, ingabe kuyamangaza ukuthi abesifazane baqala amabhizinisi abo emaceleni?
Unentshisekelo Kwabesifazane Bhizinisi?
Okwamanje:
"Amabhizinisi asemabhinini aphethwe ngamabhizinisi angama-51 lapho abesifazane besinezinkampani ezingama-51 noma ngaphezulu. Ucwaningo lwamuva lwama-US Census Bureau lwamabhizinisi asebhizinisi abanikazi bamabhizinisi (SWOBE) lwabika ukuthi abesifazane banamabhizinisi angama-US $ 5,417,034 angewona amapulazi ngo-1997. Amabhizinisi athola amaphesenti angama-26.0 esizwe samazwe angama-20.8 million angewona amapulazi, aqashwe abasebenzi abayizigidi ezingu-7.1, futhi akhiqiza u-$ 818.7 billion ekuthengiseni nasekwamkelweni.
"Amabhizinisi angabesifazane abancane, abesifazane baseNigeria babe namafemu angu-337,708; abesifazane abamnyama babe namafemu angu-312,884; abesifazane base-Asia nabasePacific Isiqhingi babenamafemu angama-247,966; abesifazane baseMelika nabama-Alaska baseMelika babenamabhizinisi angama-53,593.Abesifazane abangabomlando baseSpanishi babenamafemu ayizigidi ezingu-4,487,589.
"Amaphesenti angama-55 (ama-55) amafemu aphethwe ngabesifazane ayengumkhakha wezinsizakalo ngo-1997. Embonini yezinsizakalo, abesifazane babevame ukusebenzisa amafemu ezinkampanini zamabhizinisi (amafemu angu-769 250) nezinsizakalo zomuntu siqu (amafemu angu-634.225). futhi amaresidi kule mikhakha emibili yafinyelela ku-$ 78.3 billion.
"Amabhizinisi asemabhineni aphethe ukuthengiswa okuphelele kanye namarisidi ka $ 818.7 billion ngo-1997. Izimboni ezine ezikhiqize imali enkulu kunazo zonke emabhizinisini asezintombi ngo-1997 kwakuyizohwebo, izinsizakalo, ukuhwebelana ngokudayisa kanye nokukhiqiza. izimpahla zokuhweba - ezihlala njalo nezingezona isikhathi eside - amaresidi aqoshiwe we $ 188.5 billion.
"Labo abasebenza ezinsizakalweni - isibonelo, amahhotela nezinye izindawo zokuhlala; izinsizakalo zomuntu siqu; izinsizakalo zebhizinisi; ukulungiswa kwemoto, amasevisi, nokupaka; izinsizakalo zokulungisa ezihlukahlukene; izithombe zokunyakaza; izinsizakalo zokuzijabulisa nokuzilibazisa; izinsizakalo zezempilo; izinsizakalo zomthetho; izinsizakalo - yayinezingu-$ 186.2 billion.
Amafemu aphethwe ngabesifazane ekuhwebeni okudayisa athengisa u-$ 152.0 billion kanti labo abakhiqiza babephethe u-$ 113.7 billion.
"Amaphesenti angaba ngu-3 (amaphesenti angu-72) amafemu abambalwa abesifazane abasebenza ngamasevisi (amafemu angu-531,532) kanye nokuhweba okudayisa (amafemu angu-133 924). AmaFirms aphethwe ngabancinci besifazane abhalisile ukuthengiswa okuphelele kanye namarisidi angamaRandi angama-84.7 billion ngo-1997. Abesifazane base-Asia nabasePacific Island bazuze amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-38,1; abesifazane baseSpanishi, ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-27,3; abesifazane abamnyama, amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-13,6; nabesifazane baseMelika nabama-Alaska baseMelika, amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-6,8. "
Umthombo: UMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-US: Abanikazi Bamabhizinisi Abesifazane
Ukubikezela:
Abaqashi ngeke bakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziguquguqukayo zabesifazane abaningi. Abesifazane abanamabhizinisi bazoba umsebenzi wokuzikhethela abesifazane abaningi. Abesifazane abaphethe amafemu omqashi bakhule ngamaphesenti angu-37 kusukela ngo-1997 kuya ku-2002, izikhathi ezine ukukhula kwamafemu amaqashi.
Ngenkathi iningi lamafemu laqala ngabesifazane kusukela ngo-1997 lisembonini yesevisi, kukhona inani elikhulayo labesifazane abaqala amafemu ezinkampanini ezingezona zendabuko ezifana nokwakhiwa nezomali. Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Kwebhizinisi Lwabesifazane sinikeza isihloko esisekelwe kudatha lokubhaliswa kwabantu abangashicilelwe kanye neminye imithombo yocwaningo lokuqala ukuletha lezi zibalo.
Lokho Abaqashi Bangakwenza:
Abaqashi bangakwazi ukulandela izincomo ezenziwe ezingxenyeni zokuqala ezintathu zalesi sihloko ukuvimbela ukuhamba kwamanzi abanamakhono aqala amabhizinisi abo. Kodwa, umsakazo we-wave wave uqale futhi kuyoba nzima ukuma. Abesifazane bayathintana ngokuvumelana nokuguquguquka, ukunika amandla, kanye nenselelo ekhona ekuziphatheni nasekusebenzeni ibhizinisi elincane, ibhizinisi elikhulu, noma ngisho nebhizinisi elisuselwa ekhaya noma ukuthengiswa kwempahla eyodwa. Ngokuqhubekayo, abaqashi bayophikisana nalolu khetho kwabasebenzi abanamakhono abanesifazane.
Izinsiza Kubesifazane Ngokucabangela Ukuqala Ibhizinisi:
Isikhungo Socwaningo Lwebhizinisi Lwabesifazane
I-National Association of Abanikazi Bomabhizinisi Abesifazane
Unentshisekelo Bomabhizinisi Bomabhizinisi Emininingwaneni Yomsebenzi?