Ngamanye amazwi, amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-90 e-ejensi yokuqinisa umthetho e-United States asebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lokuhlolwa kwesimo sengqondo kwabafakizicelo babo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, ama-65% kuphela asebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-polygraph , kanti amaphesenti angu-88 asebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa.
Njengoba ama-ejenti amaningi ebeka ukholo lwabo kumqondo wezengqondo, kungenzeka ukuthi amaphoyisa amaningi angazibuza ukuthi yikuphi ukubhekana nokuhlolwa kwengqondo futhi yini ongayenza ukuze wandise amathuba okuphumelela?
Yikuphi ukuhlolwa kwe-Psychological akuyona
Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe ngalokho okuhlolwayo kwe-psych, ake sikhulume ngalokho akusikho. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwengqondo ngaphambi kokuqashwa akusho ukuthi umuntu ophikisana naye noma ungekho yini. Ukuhluleka ukudlulisa ukuhlolwa kwengqondo akusho ukuthi uhlakaniphile. Esikhundleni salokho, kumane kusho ukuthi umsebenzi wokuphoqelelwa komthetho cishe akuyona into efanelekile kuwe.
Kukhona izidingo eziningi ezibekiwe ekusebenzisweni komthetho, futhi usuku empilweni yephoyisa lungabalalisa ngokomzwelo, ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba. Kuyoba nezinsuku lapho uphoqeleka ukuma uqinile kodwa uhloniphekile lapho ubhekene nokuhlukunyezwa okukhulu ngamazwi, futhi kuzoba nezikhathi lapho uthola khona izigcawu ezimbi.
Iqiniso lendaba, akuwona wonke umuntu oqokwe umsebenzi wakhe njengompolisi. Nakuba kuthatha zonke izinhlobo zobuntu ukwakha amaphoyisa asebenzayo, kunezici ezithile zonke izikhulu okufanele zihlanganyele kahle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezici ezithile ezivunyelwene ukuba zingathandeki emaphoyiseni omthetho.
Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kugxila ekuboneni lezo zimfanelo ezingathandeki ngaphezu kokubheka lezo zimfanelo ezifiselekayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uma ukuhlola kwakho kuthola okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalowo mfanelo, akusikho ukubonakaliswa kokubaluleka kwakho, ubunqunu bakho noma ubuntu bakho; Kancane kakhulu kugxile ekufanelekeni ukuba ube yisikhulu samaphoyisa.
Ukuhlola Ngokwengqondo Njengethuluzi Lokuqasha
Ukuhlolwa kwesimo sengqondo kuyisithuluzi esisodwa nje lapho ama-ejenti amaningi e-polisi asetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasha abaqashiwe emsebenzini. Iyingxenye yenqubo yokuqashisa eminye eminingi engabandakanya ukuhlolwa kwamakhono ayisisekelo , uphenyo oluyisisekelo , isheke lesikweletu , ukuhlolwa kwe-polygraph, ukuhlolwa kwamakhono emzimbeni kanye nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.
Ukuhlolwa ibhethri yokuhlolwa efaka izingxenye eziningana. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kuqala ngokuhlolwa kwangaphambili kokuhlola noma ukuhlolwa. Okulandelayo, kuza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo eziningi zokukhetha noma ukuhlola. Okokugcina, kuyoba nomhlangano wokuhlala phansi ne-psychologist.
Ukuhlolwa kuhlolisisa konke okwenziwe kuzo zonke lezi zakhi ukusiza isazi sezengqondo ukuthi sinikeze umbono wokugcina mayelana nokufaneleka komfakisicelo wokusebenza komthetho. Ukuzimisela kuvame ukuboniswa ngezindlela ezimbili: ingozi ephansi, ingozi ephakathi noma ingozi enkulu yokuqasha; noma eyamukelekayo, eseceleni noma engamukeleki ukuqasha.
Inhloso Yokuhlolwa Kwengqondo
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwangokwengqondo ngaphambi kokuqashwa kuhlola izici zobuntu eziningana ukuze kusize ukwakha umbono wokuthi ngabe ozobhapathizwa uzoba yini ukukhetha ukuqashwa okuhle noma cha. Ngokusho kukaDkt. Gary Fischler, uprofesa wothisha wezokwelapha eYunivesithi yaseMinnesota kanye nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo osengaphambili, owenza umkhuba ngokukhethekile ekuhloleni iziphathimandla zomthetho, lezo zici zihlanganisa:
- Ukulawula umfutho
- Ukuhlakanipha jikelele
- Isigwebo
- Ikhono lokwenza imisebenzi emnandi noma eyinkimbinkimbi
- Isibindi esinengqondo
- Ukuthembeka
- Ubuqotho
- Ukuzikhethela komuntu noma ukungahambi kahle
- Amandla okubekezelela ukucindezeleka
- Yini eyashukumisela lowo ozobhapathizwa ukuba akhethe umthetho
- Ukuzethemba
- Amandla okubhekana nokuqondisa
- Izindlela ezifanele zokuziphatha ngokobulili
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngaphambilini
Lezi zici ezithile zimelela izindawo eziye zaqunywa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuba zibe yizindawo ezibalulekile ezizohlola uma zihlola ukukhethwa komthetho.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi iziphathimandla zomthetho zigcinwe esimisweni esiphakeme sokuziphatha , ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kuyindlela engaphezulu yokuhlola abazobe bengabonisa ukuziphatha okungamukeleki noma okungathandeki.
Okufanele Ukulindele Ngesikhathi Ukuhlola Kwakho
Uma ufika ehhovisi lezengqondo, into yokuqala ozoyiqaphela kuyisixuku. Ngokuvamile, kunezibalo eziningana ezihlolwayo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, cishe bazobe besaba njengoba kunjalo.
Mhlawumbe uzonikezwa inkundla yemibuzo yokuqala ezokubuza uchungechunge lwemibuzo mayelana nomlando wakho siqu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezedlule, lokho okubheka njengamandla akho nobuthakathaka bakho, umsebenzi owedlule, imfundo kanye nesizinda sakho siqu kungase kudingeke kubuzwe ngakho.
Ngemuva kokucwaninga kokuqala, uzokwethula uchungechunge lwezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kwabantu okuzofaka phakathi i- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), phakathi kwabanye. Hlela ukuchitha amahora amaningana ugcwalisa lezi zicwaningo ze-Scantron, okuzovame ukubandakanywa izitatimende ozobuzwa ngazo ukuthi uyavuma yini, uyavuma, awutholi hlangothi, akavumelani noma akavumelani neze. Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuhlola ubuntu, cishe uzobhekana nemibuzo efanayo noma efanayo ephindwe izikhathi eziningi. Lokhu kukuklama futhi kusiza ukuhlola ukuvumelana kwakho nokuthembeka.
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa komuntu, cishe uzohlanganyela ekuxoxweni ubuso nobuso nomuntu wezengqondo. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo cishe sizokubuza imibuzo mayelana nezimpendulo ozinikezile kulolu cwaningo kanye nokuzihlola kwakho. Lena yithuba lakho lokucacisa izimpendulo zakho. Uma zonke izigaba seziphelile, isazi sezokwelapha sizokwenza umbiko wombono wakhe futhi sithumele ejensi lakho lokuqesha.
Ukusebenza Kokuqalwa Ngaphambi Kokuhlolwa Ukuhlolwa Kwengqondo
Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2003 ngabacwaningi baseWright University, amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-90 alawa angaphezu kuka-12 000 e-ejensi yokuqinisa umthetho e-United States asebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwengqondo njengengxenye yokuqasha kwabo. Njengoba kunikezwe izindleko ezihlobene nokuhlolwa okunjalo, ingabe ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ngaphambi kokuqashwa kuyakufanele? Ingabe bayasebenza ngisho na?
Ama-ejensi amaningi asebenzisa amathuluzi wokuhlola ubuntu, okuqinisekisiwe njengendlela yokuqondisa okunembile yokuziphatha eminyakeni eminingi yokutadisha. Ngenxa yobuningi bemininingwane etholakalayo yokuqinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa kwalokhu kuhlolwa, iminyango yamaphoyisa kanye nezengqondo zezinkanyezi ziqiniseka ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kusebenza ngempela.
Ukuhlolwa Kwezingqondo Eminyangweni Yamaphoyisa
Ngokuthakazelisayo, idatha idlulisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kuvele nje kukhishwe ngamaphesenti angu-5 alabo abahlolwayo. Njengoba kuningi emgqeni, kuwufanele yini le mali iminyango ukuba ihambe ezindlekweni ezengeziwe kanye nomzamo uma belahlekelwa iphesenti elincane labafaki sicelo kulesi sigaba esithile?
Cabanga ukuthi i-ejensi enkulu yokwenza umthetho ingathola izicelo ezingaphezulu kuka-1000 ngenyanga kusukela kubantu abafisa ukuba amaphoyisa. Kulabo bafaka izicelo ezingu-1000, 50 bazobe bengavunyelwe ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwengqondo. Labo abayizicelo ezingu-600 abafanelekile ngonyaka, nje ngomnyango owodwa.
Cabanga ukuthi izindleko zingase zenzeke ku-ejensi futhi, nakakhulu, umphakathi, uma lezo zikhulu ezingu-600, ezitholakale zibonise izici ezingathandeki, zanikezwa ibheji, isibhamu kanye negunya. Esikhundleni sokubuza ukuthi ngabe izindleko zokuhlolwa zifanelekile ku-ejensi, kungase kube ukuhlakanipha ukubuza ukuthi kufanele yini ingozi ukuthi ingasebenzisi ukuhlolwa kwengqondo.
Indlela Ongayidlula Ngayo Ukuhlolwa Kwezingqondo
Into yokuqala okudingeka ukwenze iqede umbono wokudlula noma ukuhluleka ukuhlolwa kwengqondo. Umbuzo ongcono uwukuthi, "ngingaba kanjani nethuba elihle lokuphumelela ekuhloleni kwengqondo?"
Ukuze uphumelele, kufanele uqale ukuxazulula, ukwethembeka. Iningi lokuhlola lifihliwe imibuzo kanye nezimbangela ezakhiwe ekuvivinyeni ukuvumela ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bazi ukuthi uzama ukukhohlisa. Lezi zihlanganisa imibuzo ephindaphindiwe noma efana neminye imibuzo ezophakamisa amafulegi abomvu uma iphendulwa ngandlela-thile. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphumelela ukuba ngokwakho. Phendula yonke imibuzo ngokuthembeka futhi uvumele izinhlamvu ziwele lapho zingase khona.
Ufuna futhi ukubeka unyawo lwakho phambili futhi ugqoke impumelelo . Gqoka izingubo ezifanele zebhizinisi - izibopho zamadoda, izibopho zezimpahla zokugqoka noma iziketi ezifanele zebhizinisi namacwecwe abesifazane - futhi uhambisane nezindinganiso ezijwayelekile zokuhlanza. Khumbula, awumeleli wena kuphela lapha, kodwa nesikhungo sakho esisebenzayo, futhi. Qinisekisa ukuthi ugqoka ingxenye.
Kwenzekani Uma Uhluleka Ukuhlolwa Kwezingqondo
Futhi, kubalulekile ukuthi ungacabangi ngokuphambana noma ukwehluleka, kodwa ukuthi ngabe kufanele usebenze ngokusemthethweni noma cha. Uma "uhluleka" i-psych, akusho ukuthi uhlakaniphile noma ngisho nokuthi ungumuntu omubi. Kodwa kufanele kukuthathe futhi uqiniseke ukuthi umsebenzi oyiphathimende yilokho ofuna ukukwenza.
Uma, emva kokuzihlola ngokwethembeka, uqiniseke ukuthi umsebenzi wokuphoqelela umthetho uqinisile kuwe, kufanele uzame ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga okwenze ukuthi isazi sengqondo sibheke njengengozi enkulu noma engamukeleki, futhi kufanele ucabangele indlela lungisa lezo zici. Kunoma yikuphi, cishe kuzodingeka uhlale ohlelweni lokuqasha unyaka noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuthi ufake isicelo se-ejensi efanayo.
Asikho isidingo sokwesaba ngempela. Khumbula ukuba wena ngokwakho, ube ngumchwepheshe futhi uthembeke. Wena ungubani. Akukho lutho olungalungile ngalokhu. Uma konke kuhamba ngendlela othemba ngayo, uzosebenza njengephoyisa ngesikhathi esithile. Uma kwenzeka ungayifinyeleli, kungcono ukuthola umsebenzi akuwona wena manje uma kuqhathaniswa nalapho kungaba yingozi kuwe noma omunye umuntu.