I-Comprehensive Dictionary ye-Business Management Terms
Ama-akhawunti okumele akhokhwe
Ukubeka nje, umbiko okhokhayo we-akhawunti ukunika ukubuka konke okushiwo yibhizinisi lakho ngezinto zokuthenga, ukusungula, nezinsizakalo. Ukubheka okusheshayo kulo mbiko kubonisa ukuthi ngubani obolekisi bakho, ukuthi imali ebolekwa kumklomelo ngamunye, nokuthi imali ekhokhwa isikhathi esingakanani.
Amafa
Njalo ibhizinisi linamagugu, okuyinto ngokwemibandela yabo elula yizinto eziyigugu. Wonke amabhizinisi adinga amafa ukuze akhiqize imikhiqizo noma athengise amasevisi. Impahla yinoma yiyiphi ibhizinisi.
B2B
Ibhizinisi le-B2B linikeza imikhiqizo noma amasevisi ngqo kwamanye amabhizinisi. Ibhizinisi lingaba ngumthengi wokugcina, njengenkathi inkampani iqasha umkopishi (umkopishi ibhizinisi le-B2B) noma kungaba ngumthombo webhizinisi, njenge-drop shipper enikeza imikhiqizo kwezinye izinkampani abese bazithengisa umsebenzisi wokugcina. I-drop shipper yinkampani ye-B2B.
B2C
I-B2C isichazamazwi sebhizinisi-kumthengi. Ibhizinisi le-B2C lithengisa imikhiqizo noma amasevisi ngokuqondile kumthengi.
Ishidi lokulinganisela
Ibhalansi isitatimende sesikhundla sezimali sebhizinisi elisho izimpahla, izikweletu, kanye nokulingana kwabanikazi endaweni ethile ngesikhathi. Ngamanye amazwi, ibhalansi ibonisa ukufaneleka kwebhizinisi.
Ukubeka uphawu
Ukubekwa uphawu, noma ukulungiselelwa komgomo, kuvumela inkampani ukuba ihlole amathuba angase abe nayo ekuthuthukiseni izindawo eziningana ekuthengisweni kwazo. Lezi zindawo zibandakanya ukukhiqiza, ukuchithwa kwempahla, ukunemba kokuthumela, ukugcina isitoreji, kanye ne-bin-to-bin isikhathi.
Bilisa i-Ocean
Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwalesi nkulumo kungukuthatha umsebenzi ongenakwenzeka futhi ongenakwenzeka onikezwa yiqiniso lemithombo yakho.
Le nkulumo ibonisa ukungabi nokuxhumana okuyiqiniso.
Ngaphansi
Leli gama elingezansi libhekisela ekuzuzeni ibhizinisi ngemuva kokuba zonke izindleko zithathwe emalini.
Ukungena kwemali
Ukugeleza kwezimali kuyimali ehambayo (noma egeleza) ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwebhizinisi nganoma iyiphi inyanga enikeziwe. Imali ingase ivele kumakhasimende, noma amaklayenti, abathengi imikhiqizo noma amasevisi. Imali ingase iphume ngendlela yokukhokha izindleko, njengokuqashisa noma ukuthenga imali.
CEO
Isikhulu esiPhezulu esiPhezulu (CEO), uyisikhulu esiphakeme enhlanganweni. Lowo mphathi omkhulu angaba neziqu eziningi. Ngezinye izikhathi ungumnikazi, umsunguli, noma umphathi. Kungaba ngumlingani wokuphatha noma umongameli. Ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu kunazo zonke, futhi kaningi kakhulu ezincane kakhulu ikakhulukazi ukuqalisa, isihloko somengameli sithathwe yi-CEO.
Uhlelo Lokuqhubeka Oluphuthumayo
Uhlelo oluqhubekayo lokuthuthukiswa luyisethi yemisebenzi eyenzelwe ukuletha kancane kancane, ngcono okuqhubekayo kumikhiqizo, izinsizakalo noma izinqubo ngokusebenzisa ukubuyekezwa okuqhubekayo, ukulinganiswa, nesenzo.
Ibhodi Lezilinganiso Zezezimali
I-Board Accounting Standards Board (i-FASB) yiyona nhlangano ebalulekile e-United States ebeka izindinganiso zokubalwa.
Unyaka Wezimali
Unyaka wezimali kuwo wonke amabhizinisi uphela ngoDisemba 31.
Amabhizinisi angashintsha unyaka wabo wezimali (ngokusekelwe kwesakhiwo sabo) afaka kuphela izimpahla zokuthengisa, amalungu obambiswano lapho bonke abalingani bodwa, kanye nezinkampani.
Imphahla yakho engasuseki
Impahla ehleliwe yinoma yiyiphi ibhizinisi, njengefrikhini noma ifomula yokuthengisa yomkhiqizo.
I-GAAP
Izimiso zokugcinwa kwezimali ezijwayelekile (ezibizwa ngokuthi i-GAAP), ziyisethi yemithetho nemikhuba enokusekela okugunyazayo okukhulu. I-GAAP yizinga elijwayelekile izinkampani ezisebenzisayo ukuqoqa izitatimende zabo zezimali ezifana nesitatimende seholo, ibhalansi, nesitatimende sokugeleza kwemali.
I-Golden Parachute
I-parachute yegolide igama elinikezwe isigatshana esivumelwaneni somsebenzi esiphezulu se-executive executive noma isivumelwano esichaza ukukhokha lowo muntu oyothola uma beqedwa yinhlangano ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkontileka yabo.
Ngaphakathi
Umuntu ongaphakathi kwenkampani ngumuntu onokuthola ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nenkampani engase ithonye izinqumo zokutshala izimali ezingathinta intengo yesitoreji noma ukulinganisa. Lolu lwazi olubalulekile luvame ukuchazwa njengolwazi lwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Izikweletu
Izimali zimali ezikhokhwa ibhizinisi nganoma isiphi isikhathi futhi zivame ukuboniswa njengezikhokhwa ngezinhloso zokubalwa kwezimali.
Umphathi wezindiza
Umphathi wemigqa ngumuntu olawula ngokuqondile abanye abasebenzi kanye nokusebenza kwebhizinisi ngenkathi ebika kumphathi wezinga eliphezulu. Isikhathi senkampani yomphathi ngokuvamile sisetshenziselwa ngokungahambisani nomphathi oqondile.
Ukuphathwa kweMatriki
Ukuphathwa kwe-Matrix kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlanganweni uma kunesidingo sokukwabelana ngemithombo yonke imisebenzi (ie, iminyango ehlukene). Kuhlelo lokuphathwa kwe-matrix, umuntu unombiko oyinhloko-kumphathi futhi usebenza nomphathi oyedwa noma ngaphezulu, ikakhulukazi kumaphrojekthi.
Isivumelwano sokungabonakali
Ezinkampanini eziningi, enye yezimpahla zabo eziyigugu kakhulu yimpahla yabo engqondo okufanele bahlale bayimfihlo. Isivumelwano sokungabonakali yidokhumenti yomthetho phakathi komsebenzi nomqashi, lapho umqashi evuma ukudalula ulwazi oluthile kumsebenzi ngenjongo ethize. Isisebenzi sesibe sesibophe ngokomthetho ukuthi singabonakali lolo lwazi kunoma ubani omunye.
Isitatimende Senzuzo Nokulahlekelwa
Isitatimende senzuzo nokulahlekelwa (ngezinye izikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi isitatimende sengeniso), umbiko webhizinisi obonisa inzuzo engenayo njengemikhawulo phakathi kwezimali nezindleko.
Imali engenayo
Ingeniso yebhizinisi yimali eyenziwe yiyo yonke imisebenzi yayo ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe imali yokubanjwa. Imali engenayo ingavela ekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo zenkampani, kusukela ekuthengisweni kwemishini engaphezulu noma impahla, noma ekudayiseni kwamasheya esitokisini enkampanini. Kungatholakala ezivela eminye imithombo efana nesithakazelo, izinkokhelo, kanye nemali.
ROI
I-ROI yi-return on investment ratio (ebizwa nangokuthi isilinganiso sokubuyela kumafa). Yinzuzo yokuzuza ehlola ukusebenza kwebhizinisi, noma ukutshalwa kwezimali, noma ukubuya okungenzeka okuvela ebhizinisini noma ekutshalweni kwezimali. Ihlukanisa inzuzo enenzuzo ngokubaluleka kwenzuzo, okushiwo yi-ratio noma iphesenti.
Umphathi Ophezulu
Abaphathi abaphezulu (ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu ezinezigaba eziningi zokuphatha) banemithwalo yemfanelo kanye negunya elibanzi kunomphathi we-front line. Abaphathi abakhulu bavame ukufakwa endaweni yomqondisi noma isikhundla somphathi jikelele.
I-Shewhart Cycle
I-Shewhart Cycle ivame ukumbuthano ngaphandle kokuqala noma ukuphela, okusho ukuthi inqubo eqhubekayo yokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi ayigodli. Umjikelezo unezigaba ezine: ukuhlela (uma ubona ithuba bese uhlela uhlelo), ukwenza (ukuhlola uhlelo ngesilinganiso esincane), ukuhlola (ukuhlola ukuzuza kwecebo), nokusebenza (ukusebenzisa uhlelo isamba esikhulu futhi bese kuqapha imiphumela).
SME
Uchwepheshe wesifundo (noma SME) ngumuntu webhizinisi onokuqonda okujulile inqubo ethile, umsebenzi, ubuchwepheshe, umshini, impahla, noma uhlobo lwemishini. Abantu abaqokwe njengabachwepheshe bezindaba bavame ukufunwa ngabanye abanesithakazelo ekufundeni okwengeziwe mayelana, noma ukuxoshwa, ubuchwepheshe babo obuyingqayizivele ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile noma ukusiza ngezinselele ezithile zobuchwepheshe.
Inzuzo
Lapho abasebenzi bephuma enkampanini futhi kufanele bashintshwe, lokho kubizwa ngokuthi yi-turnover. Inani elithile lemali engenayo lingenakugwenywa, kodwa okuningi kungonakalisa inkampani. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokubuya kwenzuzo zizithandela (uma isisebenzi sikhetha ukuhamba) futhi singenzi lutho. (Uma ukuhlukunyezwa nezenzo ezifanayo kuphoqa isisebenzi ukuba sishiye).
Izindleko eziguquguqukayo
Izindleko eziguquguqukayo yizo zindleko zebhizinisi ezihlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ivolumu lebhizinisi, ukuthengisa, noma ivolumu yokuthengiselana. Izibonelo zezindleko eziguquguqukayo zihlanganisa ukuposa nokuthunyelwa kwamakhasimende, ukuthengwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukufakwa kwemikhiqizo okumele kudayiswe, inkokhelo yehora labasebenzi, kanye nekhomishini yokuthengisa.
Umbono
Umbono ukuphathwa okuphezulu iphupho ngalokho abakufuna ukuba inhlangano ibe khona. Akufanele kudideke ngecebo, okuyinto icebo elibanzi inkampani ilandela ukwenza iphupho lenzeke.