Amalungelo Emisebenzi / Amalungelo Okuqashwa

Imisebenzi engavumelekile Umthetho Wokusebenza Nokusebenza Kwemisebenzi

Umthetho we-Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) wasayinwa ngo-Okthoba 13, 1994. Izinhlinzeko zesenzo ziqukethwe e-United States Code, Isihloko 38, Izigaba 4301 kuya ku-4333.

Lo Mthetho usebenza kubantu abenza umsebenzi, ngokuzithandela noma ngokuzibandakanya, "ezinsizakalweni ezinjengeyunifomu," ezibandakanya i-Army, Navy, i-Marine Corps, i-Air Force, i-Coast Guard, neBhodi lezeMpilo kaHulumeni, kanye nezinhlaka zokugcina ngayinye yalezi zinsizakalo.

Ukuqeqeshwa kukaSifundazwe noma isevisi e- Army National Guard kanye ne-Air National Guard nayo ihlinzeka ngamalungelo ngaphansi kwe-USERRA.

Isevisi engahambisani nendawo ihlanganisa umsebenzi osebenzayo , umsebenzi osebenzayo wokuqeqesha, ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi ongasebenzi (njengama-drill), ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi wokuqala, nokusebenza komngcwabo owenziwa yi-National Guard kanye nokugcinwa kwamalungu, kanye nesikhathi umuntu engekho kuso isikhundla sokuqashwa ngenhloso yokuhlolwa ukuze kunqume ukufaneleka ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi.

Ubani Okufanelekile Ukuqashwa?

Amalungelo okuqashwa ahanjiswa kubantu abangekho emsebenzini ngenxa ye "service in the uniformed services." "Insizakalo ezinsizakalweni ezinjengeyunifomu" kusho ukusebenza komsebenzi ngokuzithandela noma ngokungenakuzibandakanya emsebenzini wenjabulo, kufaka phakathi:

"Izinsizakalo ezinjengeyunifomu" zihlanganisa okulandelayo:

Isaziso esandulele

Umthetho ufuna bonke abasebenzi ukuba banikeze abaqashi babo isaziso esengaphambili sesevisi yezempi.

Isaziso singabhalwa noma senziwe ngomlomo. Kungenzeka unikezwe isisebenzi noma isikhulu esifanele segatsha lempi lapho umsebenzi ezobe esekhonza khona. Nokho, akukho isaziso esidingekayo uma:

Isikhathi Sesevisi

Isevisi yobude obuningi obangela ukuba umuntu angabikho emsebenzini angadluli iminyaka emihlanu. Izinhlobo eziningi zesevisi zizobalwa ngokulinganisa ekuqhathaneni nesikhathi seminyaka emihlanu.

Ukungafani. Izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili zenkonzo zikhululekile emkhawulweni weminyaka emihlanu. Lokhu kufaka:

Isevisi yokungafaneleka

Ngabe isevisi ingakufaneleki nini? Isimiso sibala izimo ezine:

Ukubika emuva emsebenzini

Isevisi kwezinsuku ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-30 . Umuntu kumele abike kumqashi wakhe ekuqaleni komsebenzi wokuqala ohleliwe owenziwa njalo ozowela emahoreni angu-8 emva kokuphela kosuku lwekhalenda. Isibonelo, umqashi angeke adinge ilungu lezevisi elibuyela ekhaya ngo-10: 00 ntambama ukubika ukusebenza ngo-12: 30 ekuseni ngalobo busuku. Kodwa umqashi angadinga ukuthi isisebenzi sibike ngo-6: 00 ekuseni ekuseni.

Uma kungenasizathu sokwephulwa komsebenzi, ukubika okwesikhashana emsebenzini kungenakwenzeka noma kungenangqondo, isisebenzi kufanele sibike emsebenzini ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Fitness Exam . Umkhawulo wesikhathi wokubuyiselwa emsebenzini kumuntu ongekho emsebenzini ukuze athathe ukuhlolwa komzimba ukufana nalokho okushiwo ngenhla kubantu abangabikho kwezinsuku ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-30. Lesi sikhathi sizosebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubukhona bokuba khona komuntu.

Isevisi kwezinsuku ezingu-31 kuya kwezingu-180 . Isicelo sokuqashwa kufanele sihanjiswe kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-14 ngemuva kokuphothulwa komsebenzi womuntu. Uma ukungeniswa kwesicelo esifike ngesikhathi kungenzeki noma kungenangqondo ngaphandle kwephutha lomuntu, isicelo kumele sithunyelwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma usuku lweshumi nanhlanu luwela ngosuku lapho amahhovisi avulekile, noma kungenjalo akekho okhona owemukela isicelo, isikhathi sifikela ngosuku olulandelayo lebhizinisi.

Isevisi yezinsuku ezingu-181 noma ngaphezulu . Isicelo sokuqashwa kufanele sithunyelwe kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-90 ngemuva kokuphothulwa komsebenzi wempi yomuntu. Uma usuku lwe-90 luwela ngosuku lapho amahhovisi engeke avulekele, noma kungenjalo akekho okhona owemukela isicelo, isikhathi sisezela ngosuku olulandelayo lwebhizinisi.

Ukukhubazeka okwenziwe noma okwenziwe kabi . Izikhathi zokubika noma zokufaka izicelo ziyakhuliswa kuze kube yiminyaka emibili kubantu abafakwe esibhedlela noma abaqedile ngenxa yokukhubazeka okwenziwe noma okwenziwe kabi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwempi.

Inkathi yeminyaka emibili izokwandiswa yisikhathi esincane esidingekayo ukubhekana nesimo esingaphezu kokulawula komuntu okuzokwenza ukubika kungakapheli iminyaka emibili engenakwenzeka noma engenangqondo.

Ukulibazisa okungaxhunyiwe . Ingabe amalungelo omsebenzi womuntu alahlekelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo uma lo muntu ehluleka ukubika emsebenzini noma ukufaka isicelo sokuqashwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele edingekayo? Cha. Kodwa lowo muntu uzobe esekelwe emithethweni yomqashi olawula ukungabikho.

Indlela Yokubeka Abantu Abafanelekayo KuJobe

Ngaphandle kokuqondene nabantu abanokukhubazeka abangena noma abaqhutshwa umsebenzi wezempi, isikhundla lapho umuntu abuyiselwa khona sisekelwe ebude bomsebenzi wempi yomuntu.

Izinsuku ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-90 . Umuntu obesebenza empini izinsuku ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-90 kumele "asetshenziswe ngokushesha" kulokhu okulandelayo okulandelayo:

(1) (A) emsebenzini lowo muntu abeyobe esebenzile uma lowo muntu ehlala eqashwe ngokuqhubekayo, uma nje umuntu eqeqeshiwe emsebenzini noma engakwazi ukuqeqeshwa emva kwemizamo enengqondo yomqashi ukuze afanelekele lowo muntu; noma, (B) esikhundleni somsebenzi lapho lowo muntu ayeqashwe khona ngosuku lokuqala kwensizakalo ezinsizakalweni ezinjengeyunifomu, kuphela uma lowo muntu engakufanelekeli ukwenza umsebenzi wesigatshana (A) ) emva kwemizamo enengqondo yomqashi ukuze afanelekele lowo muntu.

(2) uma isisebenzi singakwazi ukuqeqeshwa esikhwameni esichazwe ngenhla (ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okwenziwe noma okukhushulwa yizinsizakalo zempi) ngisho nangemva kwemizamo yomqashi enomqondo, lowo muntu kufanele asebenze endaweni eseduze izikhundla ezichazwe ngenhla (ngaleyo ndlela) lokho umuntu akwazi ukukwenza, ngokugcwele.

Ngokuqondene nezikhundla ezimbili zokuqala, abaqashi abanakho ukhetho lokunikeza eminye imisebenzi yokulingana okulinganayo, isimo, kanye nokukhokha.

Izinsuku ezingu-91 noma ngaphezulu . Umthetho udinga ukuthi abaqashi bavuselele ngokushesha abantu ababuya emsebenzini wezempi ezinsukwini ezingu-91 noma ngaphezulu kulokhu okulandelayo:

(1) (A). Emsebenzini lowo muntu wayeyobe esebenzile uma lowo muntu eqhubeka eqashwe ngokugcwele, noma isikhundla esifana nesimo sobudala nokukhokha, uma nje umuntu efaneleka umsebenzi noma angakwazi ukuqeqeshwa emva kwemizamo enengqondo yomqashi ukuze afanele umuntu; noma, (B) esikhundleni somsebenzi lapho lowo muntu ayeqashwe khona ngosuku lokuqala kwensizakalo ezinsizakalweni ezinjengeyunifomu, noma isikhundla esinjengesikhundla esiphakeme, isimo, futhi akhokhe imisebenzi lowo muntu afanelekayo ukwenza, kuphela uma lowo muntu engakufanelekeli ukwenza umsebenzi wesimo okukhulunywe ngaye esigatshaneni (A) emva kwemizamo enengqondo yomqashi ukuze afaneleke lowo muntu.

(2) Uma isisebenzi singakwazi ukuqeqeshwa isikhundla (A) noma (B) ngenhla: kunoma yisiphi esinye isimo sesimo esincane futhi ukhokhe, kodwa lokho okucishe kufinyelele cishe izikhundla ezingenhla (ngaleyo ndlela) ukuthi isisebenzi abafanelekele ukwenza ngokugcwele.

"Isikhundla se-Escalator" . Isikhundla sokuqashwa emsebenzini okubaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yokuqashwa kubonisa "isimiso se-escalator" esibe ngumqondo oyinhloko emthethweni we-veterans 'wokuvuselela umsebenzi. Isimiso se-escalator sidinga ukuba ilungu lezinsizakalo ngalinye elibuyela emuva empeleni libuyele emuva ku-escalator eliphakeme lapho umuntu eyohlala khona uma lowo muntu ehlala eqashwe ngokuqhubekayo.

Isikhundla kungenzeka ukuthi akusiwo umsebenzi ofanayo nomuntu owake waphathwa. Isibonelo, uma ngabe lo muntu ngabe ekhuthazwe ngokuqiniseka ukuthi lowo muntu wayengatholakali, lo muntu uzoba nelungelo lokukhushulwa lapho ebuyiselwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhundla singase sibe sezingeni elingaphansi kunalo ngaphambili, kungaba umsebenzi ohlukile, noma kungenzeka ukuthi kuleso simo.

Imizamo yokufaneleka . Abaqashi kumele benze imizamo enengqondo yokuthola amalungu okubuyela emsebenzini abangeke afanelekele izikhundla zokuqashwa okungenzeka ukuthi bazobe benelungelo lokubamba ezinye izizathu ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okwenziwe noma okukhuliswa yizempi.

Abaqashi kumele banikeze ukuqeqeshwa okuvuselelayo, futhi noma yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo ukuze ubuyekeze amakhono omsebenzi obuyayo ezimweni lapho umsebenzi engasakwazi khona ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Ukuqeqesha ngeke kudingeke uma kuyinkinga engadingekile kumqashi, njengoba kuchazwe ngezansi.

Uma imizamo eqondile ihluleka ukufanelekela umuntu ukuba asebenzise isikhundla sokuqala nesesibili kulezi ziqephu ezingenhla, lowo muntu kufanele abekwe endaweni yokulingana okulinganayo noma eseduzane futhi akhokhe ukuthi lowo muntu ufanelekile ukwenza (isikhundla sesithathu sokusebenza kulokhu okungenhla amacebo).

Ukusebenza kabusha okusheshayo . Umthetho ucacisa ukuthi amalungu enkonzo ebuyelayo "asheshe asebenze." Yini okuzokwenzeka kuyoxhomeka ezimweni zaleso simo ngasinye. Ukubuyiswa kabusha ngemuva kweviki Ukugcinwa komsebenzi kazwelonke kuzoba yilolu suku olulandelayo oluhleliwe oluhleliwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubuyisela emuva kulandela iminyaka emihlanu emsebenzini osebenzayo kungadinga ukunikeza isaziso kumsebenzi ongenamakhono ophethe isikhundla selungu lomsebenzi futhi okungenzeka ukuthi kufanele aphume leso sikhundla.

Izimo eziguquliwe. Ukuqashwa komuntu kuxoxwa uma izimo zomqashi zishintshile kakhulu kangangokuthi ukusebenza komuntu kungenakwenzeka noma kungenangqondo. Ukunciphisa-ku-amandla okungabe kufaka phakathi umuntu kungaba isibonelo.

Ukuhlupheka okungadingekile. Abaqashi bavunyelwe ukwenza imizamo yokufanelekela amalungu enkonzo ebuyela emuva noma ukuhlala nabantu abanokukhubazeka okuxhunyanwa nensizakalo uma ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ubunzima noma izindleko ezinjengokubangela "ubunzima obungadingekile."

Amalungelo Esikhundla

Amalungu asevisi asetshenzisiwe anelungelo lokuphakama kanye nawo wonke amalungelo kanye nezinzuzo ngokusekelwe ekuphakeni ukuthi ngabe bafinyelele ngokuqiniseka ukuthi bebehlala beqashwe ngokuqhubekayo.

Ilungelo noma inzuzo yi-seniority based based if it determines or accrues with length of service. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilungelo noma inzuzo akusiyo isiphetho esiphezulu uma kuyinxephezelo yomsebenzi owenziwe noma kuncike ekubambeni okukhulu.

Amalungelo awasekelwe ku-Senior Senior

Amalungu enkonzo yokuthutha kumele aphathwe njengokungathi asemkhosini wokungabikho . Ngenxa yalokho, ngenkathi bekude kumele babe nelungelo lokubamba iqhaza kunoma yimaphi amalungelo kanye nezinzuzo ezingaxhomeke ekukhuleni okutholakala kubasebenzi emaqenjini angekho emilangeni engekho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakhokhelwa noma bangakhokhelwa. Uma kukhona ukuhlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaqabunga ezingekho emthethweni ezingekho, ilungu lezevisi linelungelo lokwelashwa okuhle kakhulu uma nje ikhefu elingekho emthethweni lingalinganiswa. Isibonelo, usuku lwezinsuku ezintathu olutholakala kubasebenzi kumaqabunga engekho emthethweni angabikho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akhokhelwa noma akhokhelwa. Uma kukhona ukuhlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaqabunga ezingekho emthethweni ezingekho, ilungu lezevisi linelungelo lokwelashwa okuhle kakhulu uma nje ikhefu elingekho emthethweni lingalinganiswa. Isibonelo, iholide lokushona ngosuku lwezinsuku ezintathu alufanisi nenkathi yeminyaka emibili yomsebenzi osebenzayo.

Abasebenzi ababuyile ngeke banelungelo lokuthola amalungelo kanye nezinzuzo ezingatholakali ngesikhathi besishiya empini kodwa futhi nalabo abaphumelela ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwabo.

Izinkokhelo Zamaholide & Izinzuzo Zempilo

Amalungu ensizakalo kumele, ngokucela kwabo, avunyelwe ukusebenzisa noma yiliphi iholidi elalilimele ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi yabo esikhundleni sekhefu elingakhokhelwa. Kodwa-ke, iyaqhubeka ibe umthetho wokuthi amalungu enkonzo akakwazi ukuphoqeleka ukuba asebenzise isikhathi sokuphumula senkonzo yezempi.

Umthetho uhlinzekela izinzuzo zezempilo eziqhubekayo kubantu abangekho emsebenzini ukuze bakhonze empini, ngisho nalapho abaqashi babo bengabanjwanga yi-COBRA. (Abaqashi abanabasebenzi abangaphansi kuka-20 bayakhululwa ku-COBRA.)

Uma ukuhlinzekwa kwezempilo komuntu kungapheli ngenxa yokungabikho ngenxa yemisebenzi yempi, lowo muntu angakhetha ukuqhubeka nokuhlinzekwa kwezempilo kuze kube izinyanga ezingu-18 emva kokungabikho kokuqala noma isikhathi sokusebenza (kanye nesikhathi esivunyelwe ukufaka isicelo ukuqashwa), noma nini isikhathi esifushane. Umuntu angeke adingeke akhokhe ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angu-102 we-premium ephelele yokufaka. Uma umsebenzi wezempi ungamazinsuku ezingu-30 noma ezimbalwa, lo muntu ngeke adingeke akhokhe ngaphezu kwesabelo esivamile somsebenzi kwanoma iyiphi i-premium.

Izinkathi ezingapheli / ukulinda . Isikhathi sokulinda noma ukukhishwa asikwazi ukufakwa uma kubuyiselwa uma ngabe ukuhlinzekwa kwezempilo bekuyohlinzekwa kumuntu ukuba lowo muntu engekho emsebenzini wezempi. Noma kunjalo, okunye okusebenzayo kusebenza ekukhubazekeni okunqunywe uNobhala we-Veterans 'Affairs (VA) ukuba ixhunywe ngenkonzo.

Abaqashi abaningi . Isibopho seminikelo yomqashi kanye nezinzuzo ngaphansi kwezinhlelo eziningi zomqashi kufanele zinikezwe uhlelo oluxhasayo ngendlela efana nomhlinzeki wepulani enikezayo. Uma umxhasi engenzi lutho olunikezwayo, umthwalo wemfanelo kufanele unikezwe umqashi wokugcina esebenzisa lowo muntu ngaphambi komsebenzi wezempi noma, uma lowo mqashi engasasebenzi, ohlelweni.

Ukuvikelwa Ekukhunjweni

Ngaphansi kwe-USERRA, isisebenzi esisebenza kabusha kungenzeka singakhishwa ngaphandle kwesizathu kanje:

Abantu abakhonza izinsuku ezingu-30 noma ezimbalwa abavikelekile ekukhishwe ngaphandle kwesizathu. Kodwa-ke, zivikelwe ekubandlululweni ngenxa yenkonzo yempi noma isibopho.

Ukucwaswa komsebenzi

Ukucwaswa komsebenzi ngenxa yesikhathi esidlule, samanje, noma esizayo izibopho zempi kuvunyelwe. Ukuvinjelwa kubanzi, kufinyelele ezindaweni eziningi zomsebenzi, kubandakanya:

Abantu bavikelwe . Umthetho uvikela ekubandlululweni kwamalungu adlule, amalungu amanje, kanye nabantu abafaka isicelo sokuba yilungu lamagatsha ezinsizakalo ezinjengeyunifomu.

Ngaphambilini, amalungu e-Reservists kanye neNational Guard kuphela avikelwe ekubandlululweni. Ngaphansi kwe-USERRA, abantu abanezibopho ezidlule, zamanje noma ezizayo kuzo zonke amagatsha ezempi nazo zivikelwe.

Standard / umthwalo wobufakazi . Uma ukuxhumana komuntu okwedlule, okwamanje, noma okuzayo kuyisisusa esithinta isinyathelo sokuhlukumeza komqashi kumuntu, umqashi wenze ubugebengu, ngaphandle uma umqashi engabonisa ukuthi ngabe uthathe isenzo esifanayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuxhumana komuntu nesevisi. Umthwalo wobufakazi ungowomqashi lapho kwenzeka isinqumo sokuqala .

Umthetho owenziwe uchaza ukuthi inkokhelo kungenzeka uma uxhumano lwensizakalo lungenye yezizathu zomqashi zesenzo. Ukuze ugweme umthwalo wemfanelo, umqashi kufanele akhombise ukuthi isizathu esithile ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwenkonzo bekuyokwanele ukulinganisa isenzo saso.

Kokubili umgomo kanye nomthwalo wobufakazi okwamanje ovezwe emthethweni usebenza kuwo wonke amacala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungani imbangela yesenzo, kufaka phakathi amacala okubandlulula avela ngaphansi komthetho owandulelayo ("VRR").

Ukugxeka

Abaqashi banqatshelwe ukuphindiselela kunoma ubani:

Ukuthi Umthetho Uqiniswa kanjani

Imithethonqubo . UNobhala WezabaSebenzi unikwe igunya lokukhipha imithethonqubo esebenzisa lesi simiso. Ngaphambilini, uNobhala wayengenalo igunya elinjalo. Kodwa-ke, izincwadi ezithile ezikhishwe uMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-US zanikwe "isisindo esithile" yizinkantolo.

Service Veterans 'Employment and Training Service (VETS). Usizo lokuqashwa luzoqhubeka luhlinzekwa yi-Veterans 'Employment and Training Service (VETS), yoMnyango Wezabasebenzi. I-VETS iphhenya izikhalazo futhi izama ukuyixazulula. Ukufakwa kwezikhalazo nge-VETS kungakhethwa. Umuntu angafaka isikhalazo ngehhovisi le-VETS yendawo.

Ukufinyelela kumadokhumenti . Umthetho unikeza i-VETS ilungelo lokufinyelela ukuhlola nokuphindaphinda imibhalo yomqashi nomsebenzi ukuthi ibheka ukuthi ihambisana nophenyo. I-VETS nayo inelungelo lokufinyelela okunengqondo kubantu abaxoxisana nabo ngolwazi oluhambisana nophenyo.

I-Subpoenas . Umtsetfo ugunyaza i-VETS ukuthi ihlathulule ukufika kanye nobufakazi bofakazi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamadokhumenti aphathelene nanoma yiluphi udaba oluphenywe.

Izenzo zenkantolo ezisize uhulumeni . Abantu abakhalazo zabo abangaxazululwa ngempumelelo yi-VETS bangacela ukuthi izikhalazo zabo zihanjiswe ku-Attorney General ngenhloso yokwenza inkantolo. Nangabe i-Attorney General inelisekile bona isikhalazo sinembile, i-Attorney General ingafaka isenzo sekhotho egameni lommangali.

Izenzo zenkantolo yangasese . Abantu baqhubeka banenketho yokubeka ngasese izenzo zekhotho. Bangase benze kanjalo uma bekhethe ukungenzi isikhalazo nge-VETS, bakhethe ukungacelanga ukuthi i-VETS ibhekisele isikhalazo ku-Attorney General, noma yenqatshelwe ukumelelwa ngu-Attorney General.

Ukulimala kabili . Umklomelo wokukhokha emuva noma izinzuzo ezilahlekile zingase ziphindwe kabili ezimweni lapho kutholakala khona ukwephulwa komthetho "ngokuzithandela." "Ukuzithandela" akuchazwanga emthethweni, kodwa umlando womthetho wezomthetho ubonisa incazelo efanayo ukuthi iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-US iye yamamukela amacala ngaphansi koMthetho Wokucwaswa KwezeMinyaka eMthethweni Wokuqashwa kufanele isetshenziswe. Ngaphansi kwaleyo ncazelo, ukwephulwa ngokweqile uma ukuziphatha komqashi kwakwazi ngokungazi noma ngokunganaki ngokunganaki umthetho.

Imali . Umthetho, ekuqondeni kwenkantolo, uvumela imiklomelo yemali yommeli, izimali zobufakazi bezobuchwepheshe, nezinye izindleko zamacala ababheki abaphumelelayo abagcina iseluleko ngasese. Futhi, umthetho uvimbela ukushaja imali yezindleko noma izindleko ngokumelene nanoma ubani oletha isinqumo.

Izigwebo ezidumile . Abantu kuphela abafuna amalungelo ngaphansi komthetho bangase balethe icala. Ngokomlando womthetho womthetho, inhloso yawo ukuvimbela abaqashi, izinhlelo zempesheni, noma izinyunyana ekufakeni izenzo ngezahlulelo zokumemezela ukunquma izimangalo ezikhona zabasebenzi.