Izimfihlo ze-IRA Nendlela Ongayisebenzisa Ngayo Imali Yakho Yomhlalaphansi
IRA ayifuni ukufaka esikhundleni, kodwa kunalokho ukunyusa noma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zokutshala izimali zomhlalaphansi kanye nezinzuzo abantu abadala abakutholayo uma befika eminyakeni yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Izinto 10 Zokufunda Nge-IRAs
Ukwazi kangakanani nge-IRAs? Mhlawumbe ungumuntu omusha emcabangweni noma uke wazwa eziningi zezinganekwane mayelana nokuthi zisebenza kanjani. Nazi izinsisekelo eziyishumi eziphezulu ze-IRA odinga ukwazi ukuthi ungumtshali wezihlakaniphile.
1. Qala Namuhla
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu bavame ukulinda baze bafike eminyakeni engama-30 no-40s ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukuthatha imali yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngokuyisisekelo. Ngokwesifundo se-2017 esenziwa nguMerrill Lynch no-Age Wave, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kubo bonke abantu abadala (abaneminyaka engama-25 nangaphezulu) ayinayo imali yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ayibeke eceleni, kanti amaphesenti angu-23 anenani elingaphansi kwamaRandi ayi-10,000. Amaphesenti angama-81 ayengazi nokuthi bayodinga imali engakanani ukuze bahlale emhlalaphansi. Lokhu kuyesabeka ukuthi kucatshangwa ukuthi abanye abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuthi izinsuku ezizayo izinzuzo zokuphepha zezenhlalakahle zizophela ngonyaka ka-2034.
Isikhathi manje sokuqala ukufaka ingxenye yengeniso yakho ibe yi-IRA. Faka okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka kwi-IRA yakho ukuze uthole izimali ngesikhathi sokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
2. Kunemikhawulo yonyaka eminikelweni
I-Internal Revenue Service (i-IRS) ibeka isikhwama seminikelo yonyaka, ngakho-ke sicela ubuyekeze lokhu ngokucophelela nomhleli wezezimali.
Ngonyaka wentela ka-2017, uhlelo lokubeka i-IRA yendabuko kumuntu ngamunye ngu-$ 5,500 ngemali eyengeziwe yokubamba imali engu-$ 1,000 kunoma ubani oneminyaka engama-50. Ufuna ukwandisa imali yakho yokulondoloza intela? Cabanga ngokufaka okungenani i-$ 3,500 eyengeziwe ku-akhawunti yakho yokulondoloza impilo kanye. Uma unayo i-akhawunti yomhlalaphansi yokugcina umhlalaphansi kanye ne-IRA yomuntu siqu, iminikelo ehlanganisiwe ayikwazi ukudlula inani le-IRS evunyelwe.
3. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-IRAs
Ngenxa yokuthi umqashi wakho unikeza uhlobo olulodwa lwe-IRA alisho ukuthi ukhawulelwe kulokhu kukhetha. Eqinisweni, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-IRA ezihlela ukukhetha kuzo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-IRAs zendabuko kanye neRoth. Ngaphezu kwalokho kunezinhlelo ezikhokhelwa ngokugcwele abasebenzi, ezixhaswe ngokugcwele nabaqashi, noma inhlanganisela ngayinye. Abaningi abaqashi banikeza i-IRAs ekhokhelwa abasebenzi bese ama-dollar ahambisana nenkampani. Lezi yi-IRAs ezithandekayo kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani zingakhetha futhi ukufuna abasebenzi ukuba bazikhokhele izikweletu ze-IRA futhi banikele ngemali eyengeziwe ekupheleni konyaka ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-SEP noma uhlelo lokuhlanganyela ngenzuzo. Abantu abaziqashile bangase bakhethe i-SEP IRA noma i-SIMPLE IRA ukuze baqale ukulondoloza amaholo okuthatha umhlalaphansi, ngakho-ke abalinganiselwe kulabo abanemisebenzi yendabuko.
4. Kungenzeka Ukufaka I-IRA Yomngane Wezomthetho
Omunye ovame ukungahoxiswanga ukuthi umuntu oshadile angase abe negalelo elikhulu lemali yonyaka ku-akhawunti ye-IRA kumlingani wakhe. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-IRA yomshado. Umlingani akudingeki aqashwe. Le nketho ingaba kabili ngokuhola umhlalaphansi wombhangqwana oshadile. Isibonelo, umbhangqwana oneminyaka engama-50 ungasusa kalula imali engu-13,000 $ ngonyaka ngokusebenzisa le ndlela.
5. Abantu Bangakwazi Ukwandisa Isikhathi Sabo Sokutshala izimali
Esinye isici esihle se-IRAs ikhono lokuqhubeka nokutshala izimali ngemuva kukaDisemba 31 wonyaka ngamunye. Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi banikela imali eyengeziwe kwi-IRA yabo ukunciphisa isamba sabo sentela ngo-Ephreli 15. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ukhokhwa intela ekupheleni kuka-2017, ungakhetha ukutshala le mali ku-IRA yakho futhi ugweme ukukhokha intela yentela.
Khumbula ukuthi uma ubole imali ngokumelene ne-IRA yakho uzobe usukhokhiswa intela yendawo yasekhaya kanye neyezwe ngoba lokhu kuthathwa njengenzuzo.
6. Esikhundleni sokuKhipha imali; Phenduka
Cha asikhulumi ngenja lapha. Uma ushiya umqashi ngesikhwama sokuthatha umhlalaphansi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo uzonikezwa ukukhetha ukuba ukhiphe ngaphandle noma ukusifaka ku-401 (k) noma i-IRA. Kuhlale kuthanda ukuqoqa izimali zakho ngokuqondile kwi-akhawunti yakho yomhlalaphansi nomqashi wakho omusha ebhange lakho. Uma ukhipha izimali zakho, ungalindela ukukhokha okungenani amaphesenti angu-30 ezinkokhelweni zokuphatha kanye nezintela. Kuye ngokuthi yikuphi izwe ohlala kulo lingabuye likhokhiswe intela ngamaphesenti ayishumi ekupheleni konyaka. Ukwenzela imali yakho kungenzi ukuthi kungatholakali kuwe, kodwa kukusiza ukuba ugcine imali yakho.
7. Uncle Sam Will (Ekugcineni) Yenza Usebenzise i-IRA yakho
Kuyathakazelisa ukucabangela, kodwa i-IRS Izokwenza bonke abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-70 1/2 basebenzise izimali zabo ze-IRA. Awukwazi ukuqhubeka nokuthola noma ukuhamba ngemva kwalesi sizukulwane. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqale ngokudweba izimali zokuhlala zomhlalaphansi ze-Social Security uneminyaka engama-62 futhi uqhubeke usebenza isikhathi esithile bese ufaka i-IRA kuze kube yilapho uneminyaka engu-70 1/2. Lesi sikhathi esifushane singasisiza noma ubani ukuba akwazi ukulahlekelwa imali engenayo engenayo, kodwa kufushane kakhulu. Kungcono kakhulu ukuba necebo lokuthi i-IRA izobe isetshenziswe kanjani eminyakeni yobudala bomhlalaphansi. Isibonelo, omunye umuntu onethemba lokuthatha umhlalaphansi eneminyaka engama-62 angase afune ukuqala ukutshala imali kumpahla noma olunye uhlobo lomcebo owedluliselwayo - ukuba ashiywe njengefa.
8. Abahlomuli be-IRA banemithetho ehlukene
Uma kuziwa kubazuzi kunemithetho emibili ehlukene. Abazuzi bomshado bavunyelwe ukuba nenani eliphelele le-IRA elingaphansi kwezingu-10 ezingamaphesenti ekuhoxisweni kokuqala (uma bengaphansi kweminyaka engu-59 1/2). Uma befinyelela eminyakeni engama-65 le nhlawulo ihlaselwa ku-zero. Ukungabambisani nabokudoba akukhipha isikweletu se-10%. Lokhu kuyinto okufanele ucatshangelwe lapho ukhetha uhlelo lwe-IRA. Uma kukhona okuzokwenzeka kuwe unayo icebo lomlingani wakho ukuze uqhubeke nezinga lakho lemali engenayo yamanje?
9. Ukubhalisa okuzenzakalelayo akusikho njalo kuwe
Ingabe umkhuba okhulayo ngabaqashi ukwandisa ukubamba iqhaza kwimali yomhlalaphansi ngokudinga ukubhaliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Kungase kubonakale kulula kodwa kunezingozi ezithile uma ungayinaki. Imali yakho ingafakwa esikhwameni sesikhwama esilitshelwe empeleni esandisa ingozi. Ungase futhi ucabange ukuthi amaphesenti omholo oyibhalisile okwanele ukuhlinzeka ngomhlalaphansi wakho. Zombili lezi zimo ngeke zikukhonze. Funda ngemibhalo ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokubhalisa, futhi khumbula ukuthi uhlale unenketho yokuphuma.
10. I-IRA ingakuvikela ekuqoqeni izikweletu
Uma unesikweletu esibucayi futhi ucabangela ukuqedwa, ukubeka imali ku-IRA kuqala kungavikela izimpahla zakho ngalesi sikhathi. Abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi uhulumeni akafaki imali engama-$ 1 million egcinwe kwi-IRA evunyelwe. Akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuthi ababolekisi bazofika beqongqole futhi bathathe imali yakho yokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle wokuphuma esikhwameni Nokho, ukuze ukwazi ukujabulela umhlalaphansi ngokugcwele.