Ngokubeka, umhwebi uzama ukukhohlisa abanye abathengisi nabatshalizimali ukuba bacabange ukuthi ukuthenga okuphawulekayo noma ukuthengisa ukucindezela kuqhubeka nokuphepha okunikeziwe, ngenhloso yokubangela ukuba intengo yayo ikhuphuke noma iwa.
Umhwebi wenza lokhu ngokufaka imiyalo eminingi engenayo injongo yokuyikhipha kodwa esikhundleni sokuhlela ukukhansela.
Ukuthenga Isibonelo
Umhwebi ubheka ukuthenga amasheya angu-1,000 we-XYZ stock, okudayisa ngo-$ 20.00 ngesabelo ngasinye. Ngethemba lokususa intengo yalo phansi, ufaka ama-oda amakhulu amane ukuthengisa:
- Amasheya angu-10 000 ku-$ 20.05 ngesabelo ngasinye
- Amasheya angu-10,000 at $ 20.10 ngesabelo ngasinye
- Amasheya angu-10,000 at $ 20.15 ngesabelo ngasinye
- Amasheya angu-10 000 ku-$ 20.20 ngesabelo ngasinye
Qaphela ukuthi umhwebi ukhiphe le miyalo yokudayisa ngamanani aphakeme kakhulu ngaphezu kwamanani emakethe yamanje. Ngakho-ke, ngeke benze ngaphandle uma intengo yamakethe yamanje iqhubekela phezulu. Umthengisi uhlose ukwenza abanye abahlanganyeli bemakethe bakholelwe ukuthi ukuthengisa kwengcindezi kuqhubekela phambili phakathi kwabanikazi besitokisi se-XYZ nokuthi ngaleyo ndlela intengo izowela ngaphansi kwe $ 20.00 ngesabelo ngasinye.
Uma lolu hlelo lusebenza, abanye abathengisi abazimisele ukuthengisa bazofaka ama-oda angaphansi kwe $ 20.00, balindele ukuthi lawo ma-oda athengise amasheya angu-40,000 maduzane azofakwa ngisho namanani aphansi.
Umthengisi uzokwazi ukuthenga amasheya angu-1 000 we-XYZ angaphansi kuka-$ 20.00 ngesabelo ngasinye bese ukhansela leyo miyalo edayisiwe yokudayiswa.
Umthengisi ubeka engozini yokuthi imiyalo yokuthenga i-XYZ izongenela, esikhundleni sokuphonsela intengo engaphezu kwe $ 20.00 ngesabelo ngasinye. Kulolu cala, umhwebi uzodingeka akhiphe amasheya angama-40,000 kubathengi, amasheya angase atholakale atholakale ngamanani aphakeme, okwenza kube khona ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kule nqubo.
Ukuthengisa Isibonelo
Umthengisi ofuna ukuthengisa amasheya angu-1,000 we-stock ye-XYZ angenza okuphambene nalokho, ukuze aphakamise intengo yakhe. Uzofaka imiyalo emine emikhulu yokuthenga:
- Amasheya angu-10,000 at $ 19.95 ngesabelo ngasinye
- Amasheya angu-10 000 engxenyeni ye-$ 19.90 ngayinye
- Amasheya angu-10,000 at $ 19.85 ngesabelo ngasinye
- Amasheya angu-10 000 ku-$ 19.80 ngesabelo ngasinye
Uma leli qhinga lisebenza, abantu abazimisele ukuthenga bazofaka ama-oda angaphezu kwe-$ 20.00 ngesabelo ngasinye, balindele ukuthi imiyalo elayishiwe (engazi ukuthi iyisisulu nje) izofakwa kabusha ngamanani aphezulu. Umhwebi uzokwazi ukuthengisa okungaphezu kwe $ 20.00 ngesabelo ngasinye futhi ukhansele leyo miyalo yokuthenga. Futhi, kukhona ingozi. I-oda langempela lokuthengisa lingangenelela ngaphansi kwezingu-$ 20.00 ngesabelo ngasinye, ukuphoqelela umhwebi ukuthi athenge amasheya angayifuni, njengoba labo bathengela ama-oda aphethwe.
Impendulo Yokulawula
Umthethosivivinywa we-Dodd-Frank Financial Reform Bill wezi-2010 wenze zonke izinhlobo ze-spoofing ezingekho emthethweni e-United States. Ngaphansi kokuhlinzekwa kwalo, isibonelo, uMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-United States utshele umthengisi wezinsuku wase-UK ngezinyathelo ezingekho emthethweni okuthiwa zenze ukuthi uMeyi 6, 2010 "Flash Crash" lapho amanani emakethe esitokisi awela khona ngokuzumayo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-SEC ithathe izinyathelo zokuphoqelela abadayisi namafemu abahlanganyele ekukhuculeni futhi bebeka ngisho nangaphambi kokuhamba kukaDodd-Frank.
Abalawuli base-UK, kanye neLondon Stock Exchange (LSE) nabo baye bakhathazeka nge-spoofing ne-layering. Iziphakamiso ezihlukahlukene ziye zanyuka e-UK ukuvimbela le mikhuba.