Izinkinga zikhona ngokuqasha nokuphatha abasebenzi bamazwe ngamazwe okude okumele kubhekwe. Amaphuzu angezansi kanye nezinhla zokuhlola ezihambisanayo kuzokusiza ukuba udwebe isimo esifanele sezomthetho bese uthola umehluko phakathi kwe-US namanye amazwe uma uqasha abasebenzi bangaphandle.
Ukuqashwa kwe-Employment and Employee
Umthetho wase-United States ochaza ubuhlobo obunomsebenzi ozoba khona-ozoba ngumuntu oyedwa (umqashi noma umsebenzi) angaqeda ngokushesha ubudlelwane bomsebenzi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, noma ngaphandle kokuxwayiswa kwangaphambili.
Ukuthumela isisebenzi sangaphandle ukunikezwa kwencwadi ku-kuyoba khona umsebenzi njalo futhi kuyiphutha elivamile uma kunikezwe kumuntu ongewona wase-US, njengoba kungekho mqondo wesisebenzi esingeke senziwe ngaphandle kwe-United States.
Isibonelo, eBrazil, ukuqedwa komsebenzi kuncike ekutheni umqashi unesizathu sokuqeda. Kodwa-ke, imbangela yokuqeda ngokuvamile ilinganiselwe kumacala okungaziphathi kahle okungekho emthethweni ngakho-ke ingabandakanyi ukuqedwa ngenxa yokusebenza kabi noma izizathu zomnotho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthetho waseCyprus uthi umqashi, ngesivumelwano esibhaliwe, angase anwebeze isikhathi sokuqashwa kwesisebenzi, kusukela emasontweni angama-26 kuze kube amasonto angama-104, ngaleyo ndlela avumele umqashi ukuba axoshe umsebenzi ngaphandle kwesizathu futhi ngaphandle kwesaziso.
Ukwazi izinkinga ezizungezile imithetho nemisebenzi yokungafani emisebenzini elawula amabhizinisi obukhulu obuhlukahlukene, nokuthi wonke amazwe asondela ekuqedeni komsebenzi ngokuhlukile, kubalulekile. Ukuhlela phambili nokugcina ithrekhi kwezinguquko emthethweni kungasho umehluko emkhatsini wokuqashisa ngempumelelo umsebenzi kanye nokuphatha izikweletu ezinkulu zokuqeda kamuva.
Ukulandela uhlu lokucatshangelwa kwabasebenzi:
- Ingabe izwe lidinga isizathu sokuqeda?
- Uma kunjalo, yiziphi izizathu ezenza kube yimbangela nokuthi yiziphi izinqubo okumele zilandelwe?
- Zikhona yini izindlela ezifanele zokuqeda, njengesikhathi sokusebenza, i-headcount yendawo, imingcele yomholo, njll?
- Ingabe ikhona uhlelo lwendawo lokukhokha izinkokhelo zesikhashana esikhundleni sokubangela nje (njengaseSpain)?
- Ziyini izidingo zesaziso sokuqeda indawo?
Enye imininingwane ebalulekile okumele uyicabangele: Incwadi ehlinzeka ngomsebenzi kufanele icaphune umholo ngemali yendawo esikhundleni samaRandi aseMelika ngoba amazinga okushintshaniswa aguquke futhi imali echazwe ngemali yendawo ayikwazi ukuncishiswa kusukela ngenyanga eyodwa kuya kwesinye ngaphandle kwesivumelwano sesisebenzi.
I-PTO Versus Ikhefu Yonyaka, Ikhefu Eligulayo, Njll.
Ema-US, ama- Payout Time Off (PTO) amapulani awahlukanisi phakathi kwezinsuku zomuntu siqu , izinsuku zeholide (ikhefu lonyaka), noma izinsuku ezigulayo , futhi ngokuvamile azivumeli umthengisi wesikweletu sesikhathi esingekho esilandelayo ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngokungafani ne-US, amazwe amaningi angaphandle ayabhalisela indlela ehlukile, ehlukanisa amalungelo asemthethweni ekhefu, ikhefu lokugula kanye namanye amaqabunga ahlukahlukene.
Ikhefu laminyaka yonke (okungukuthi izinsuku ezisetshenziselwa ukuvakasha kuphela), isisebenzi singaba nenani lezinombolo ezimbalwa ngonyaka ngokushiwo ngumthetho wendawo.
Ikhefu laminyaka yonke livame ukwanda ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe.
Imithetho esebenzayo kwi-carryover yekhefu elingasetshenzisiwe ezweni ngalinye liyahluka; iningi liwela ohlangothini lwabasebenzi, noma lunikeze ilungelo elizwakalayo lokuhambisa ikhefu elingasetshenzisiwe noma ukuvumela imoto lapho abasebenzi befuna khona ukuzibophezela komsebenzi kuvimbela ukuba bangayitholi imali yabo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amanye amazwe, njengeBelgium naseNetherlands, adinga ukuthi abaqashi bakhokhele abasebenzi ngenani elikhulayo lemali ngesikhathi beholide (okuthiwa ibhonasi yeholide) - ngokuvamile u-25 kuya ku-33% ngaphezulu komholo ovamile.
Isibonelelo sokuphumula singaba isisusa esihambayo. Emazweni amaningi, ilungelo elincane elisemthethweni landa ngenkonzo, kuyilapho kwamanye amazwe kuxhomeke eminyakeni yobudala futhi, ngisho nangokwengeziwe, izinto ezingabonakali ezinjengezingane ezingaki emndenini.
EHungary, isisebenzi esinabantwana abathathu singase sithole izinsuku eziyisikhombisa ezengeziwe zokuhamba ngekhefu phezu komsebenzi ongenabantwana.
Ukuhlukana nokuhlukaniswa kwekhefu lonyaka kungukuthi kutholakala isikhathi sokukhokha sokugula noma ikhefu lokugula. Abasebenzi abangakwazi ukuza emsebenzini ngenxa yokuthi abagula ngokuvamile bayothola inkokhelo ngesikhathi bengekho, ngaphansi kwemingcele yonyaka kanye namaholo wehora.
Ngokuvamile imali ekhokhwayo izoba ngaphansi kwesilinganiso somholo womuntu. Emazweni amaningi, kukhona ukuxhashazwa okuncane kakhulu kwesistimu ehlinzeka isinxephezelo esihlukile kanye nabasebenzi basasebenzi kuphela ngenxa yokugula kwangempela.
Ukucatshangelwa kokuhlola kwekhefu lomsebenzi kubandakanya:
- Iyini ilungelo eliphansi lokushiya ikhefu lonyaka, futhi lokhu kufinyelela kanjani?
- Ingabe inani lemali elincane elisemthethweni landa, njengokwenyuka kokusebenza, ubudala, njll?
- Zikhona yini amabhonasi eholide (noma izinga eliphezulu leholo) elikhokhwa ngesikhathi sekhefu lonyaka?
- Yimiphi imithethonqubo ye-carryover yemali yekhefu?
- Ingabe ubuncane obusemthethweni bubhekwa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanani emakethe wendawo?
- Ngekhefu lokugula, zingaki izinsuku ezivunyelwe, yiliphi izinga lokukhokha, futhi lidinga ukufakazelwa yisitifiketi sesidokotela?
- Ziyini ezinye izinhlobo zekhefu abasebenzi abafanele? Ingabe lezi zikhokhwa noma zingakhokhelwa, futhi ngakanani?
Abaqashiwe Abaqashiwe vs. Imithetho Yesikhathi Sebenza
Kwabaqashi abaningi e-US, ukuhlukaniswa kokukhululwa kwabasebenzi abangabonisi ngaphandle kubandakanye amasampula amakhulu wabasebenzi kusukela ekukhokheni isikhathi esengeziwe esisebenza. Ngenkathi amazwe amaningi eyobe engavunyelwe, ngokuvamile kubhekene nabasebenzi abangaphansi kwamanye amazwe abangabhekwa njengabakhululekile.
EYurophu, isibonelo, ngokuvamile abaphathi abakhulu kakhulu babhekwa njengabakhululekile. Yiqiniso, kukhona okunye okungafani nokujwayelekile - njengase-UK, lapho abasebenzi bengavuma ukukhipha imithetho yokusebenza evela emsebenzini wabo, noma eFrance lapho, ngamanye amasheya abasebenzi, umqashi angasebenzisa umbuso onqunywe ngonyaka isidingo sokulandelela amahora sisebenza nsuku zonke nangesonto.
Ngokuvamile, abaqashi kufanele bazilungiselele ukuthi isikhathi esengeziwe siyinto ezodinga ukuphathwa futhi ikhokhwe. Kubasebenzi abasebenza kude, ngokusobala lokhu kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuqapha amahora abasebenzi abasebenza.
Ukuze ulandele abasebenzi futhi bakhokhele, uhlu lokubheka imibuzo okufanele ulucabangele lubandakanya:
- Iyini usuku olusebenzayo usuku / isonto?
- Ingabe abasebenzi banelungelo lokukhokha isikhathi esengeziwe somsebenzi ophelile ngaphesheya kwamahora atholakalayo? Uma kunjalo, ngaluphi izinga?
- Zikhona yini izisebenzi ezingabhekwa ngokuthi "zikhululekile" ezivela ezidingweni zesikhathi esengeziwe zendawo?
- Kungenzeka yini ukuthi abasebenzi bavume ukuyeka amalungelo abo isikhathi esengeziwe?
- Ingabe kukhona ukulinganiselwa okuphezulu kwesilinganiso sokusebenza kwesikhathi, kufaka phakathi isikhathi esengeziwe, ngosuku, ngesonto, njll?
- Ingabe kukhona umkhuba wendawo lapho umholo wesisekelo ungahlukaniswa ukuze ubeke inani elibekelwe isikhathi esengeziwe?
Ukuqashwa kwabasebenzi kanye nabangewona amakhono
Ngokuvamile kuvunyelwa e-US ukuthi abasebenzi bangakwazi ukudlulisela ngokomthetho amalungelo abo kunoma yikuphi okuzokwenziwa esikhathini esizayo, ngokuphathelene nomsebenzi wabo noma oxhunywe ebhizinisini lomqashi.
Isikhundla samazwe ngamazwe ngalokhu kulandela isimiso sokuthi ukudluliselwa kwamalungelo angeke kwenzeke kuze kube yilapho kusungulwe isakhiwo, futhi ngokuvamile umsebenzi kanye nomqashi baye balandela isaziso nenqubo yesicelo eqiniswe ngokomthetho. Ngakho-ke, emazweni amaningi, isivumelwano seSabelo sokusungulwa kwesitayela se-US asikwazi ukuphoqeleka.
Mayelana nokuqedwa kokuqedwa okungezona okuncintisana okuvimbela isisebenzi ekusebenzelaneni nomncintiswano, amazwe amaningi asekela izidingo ezifanayo njenge-US ngokucabangela ensimini nangesikhathi. Qaphela: abaqashi kufanele baqaphele ukuthi kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngokuvamile kuyimfuneko yokukhokha isisebenzi esisebenzayo ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwesikhathi njengoba kuchaziwe kwisivumelwano esingekho ukuncintisana. Kwamanye amazwe, njengeCzech Republic, lokhu kungaba okungamaphesenti angu-100 omholo wesilinganiso somuntu ngamunye.
Esinye isici esivumelwaneni sokungabikho komncintiswano okumelwe sicatshangelwe ukuthi kufanele sifakwe njengengxenye yenkampani yokuqasha emsebenzini ekuqaleni kokuqashwa ukuze kuqiniswe. Ngisho nabasebenzi abangabheki ngqo enkampanini futhi banqanyuliwe ngenxa yokusebenza okungalungile bangase bakwazi ukuthola ukungenelisi isinxephezelo ngemuva kokushiya inkampani.
Uhla lokuhlola ukuvikela inkampani mayelana nokuqashwa kwabasebenzi kanye nezivumelwano ezingezona ukuncintisana kuhlanganisa:
- Ingabe izivumelwano zesabelo esasungulwe ngaphambilini ziyasebenza?
- Uma kungenjalo, yimiphi imithetho yendawo mayelana nomqashi ophakamisa isimangalo phezu kwesisebenzi esakhiwe, kufaka phakathi ukuhlukaniswa, isikhathi esibekiwe, ukukhokha, njll?
- Uma abaqashi bafuna ukusebenzisa izivumelwano ezingezona ukuncintisana, ingabe kudingeka badingiswe ngenkontileka yokuqashwa? Ingabe zidinga ukukhokha phakathi nesikhathi sabo? Futhi kungenzeka yini ukukhipha unilaterally non-ukuncintisana ngaphandle kwesikhathi eside isaziso?
- Uma izimpendulo zephuzu elingenhla zenza izivumelwano ezingezona ukuncintisana ezingenakwenzeka, ingabe izivumelwano zokuqeda ukungaqedi okukhethwa kuzo zikhethwa kukho?
Izivumelwano ezihlangene
Kulula nje, izivumelwano ezihlangene zingabangela inkinga, ngakho-ke ukhokha ukuhlola ukuthi bazosebenza yini noma cha.
Isivumelwane esivumelwaneni ngokuvamile sihlanganisa imithetho yomsebenzi wendawo, ngokufaka amazinga amancane, njengamazinga angcono wekhefu lonyaka, noma ukudala izinqubomgomo nezinqubo ezengeziwe zokuvikela abasebenzi. Lokhu kungabandakanya izidingo zokubonisana ezengeziwe ekuqedeni, izinqubo zokuphepha zokuthuthukiswa kanye / noma ukuqeqeshwa, njll.
Abaningi bazokwakha ubukhulu bomkhakha wabasebenzi, bachaze imiholo emincane kanye nezinzuzo ezidingekayo kumqashi ukunikeza ibanga elifanele kumqashi ngamunye omusha. Inselele enkulu ngezivumelwano ezihlangene ukuthi zivame ukubhalwa kuphela ngolimi lwendawo futhi zivuselelwe njalo, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuqapha nokuphatha kude.
Emazweni amaningi, izivumelwano ezihlangene zisebenza kuphela uma umqashi ngokuzithandela ebonisa. Abaqashi abaningi emhlabeni wonke bakhetha ukungabhalisi kulezi zivumelwano ngakho-ke akuyona inkinga. Kodwa-ke, kwamanye amazwe, isivumelwano sokubambisana sithathwa ukuthi sisebenza ngokungakhethi kubo bonke abaqashi abaqhuba umsebenzi othile. Amazwe aseYurophu anezivumelwano ezigunyazayo yiFrance, i-Italy, iSpain neDenmark.
Cabanga ngalolu hlu lokuhlola olulandelayo mayelana nezivumelwano ezihlangene:
- Ingabe kukhona isivumelwano esihlanganyelwe sokubambisana esisebenza kubasebenzi bethu?
- Ingabe imboni-, i-vocation-, noma isifunda-ethize?
- Yiziphi izidingo zesivumelwano esihlangene?
Yamukela Kunokuba Ugweme
Njengoba kuhlongozwe lapha, ukukhiqiza izinga elithile lokujwayele imikhuba ejwayelekile ephathelene nomsebenzi ngaphandle kwe-US kubalulekile. Ukuba nokubona kwangaphambili ukubuza imibuzo efanele nokucacisa izidingo zendawo, kunokuba nje ugweme izwe ngokugcwele, kuzokwenza ngcono abaqashi ukuba baqashe abasebenzi - futhi balondoloze i-office ehamba phambili, esebenza emazweni angaphandle kanye nemisebenzi esebenzayo yoMuntu.