Thola imisebenzi eNzululwazi ye-Forensic

by UThimothewu Roufa

Okukhethwa kukho Kuvame ku-Forensics

Ngakho usuqedile ukubuka isiqephu samaBones noma i- CSI futhi manje uyazibuza ukuthi ungangena kanjani kwisenzo sesayensi ye-forensic. Noma, kungcono nokho, uye wakha isifiso sokuxazulula izinkinga kanye nothando lwezesayensi yemvelo kanye nendlela yesayense, futhi ungathanda ukuthola indlela yokusebenzisa lolu lwazi ekulwa nokuxazulula ubugebengu. Uma lokhu kuchaza wena, khona-ke umsebenzi wezesayensi ye-forensic uzoba ngumsebenzi ophelele wezobugebengu kuwe.

Igama elithi " ososayensi wezokwelapha " alichazi isihloko somsebenzi esisodwa, kodwa kunalokho kunamakhono okwezesayensi abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bawo futhi abasebenzise emibhalweni yomthetho. Eqinisweni, "izibikezelo" zisho ukuthi "okuphathelene nemithetho yomthetho," ngakho-ke cishe noma yisiphi isiyalo singabhekwa ngokuthi "ubuchwepheshe" uma kusetshenziselwa ukuxazulula ubugebengu noma izinkantolo.

Lezi zindaba ezinhle ngoba noma ngabe iziphi izithakazelo zakho zilele, nakanjani uyoba nesiyalo esivumelana nawe. Ukuze sikusize uthole ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinto ezikhethekile, nansi uhlu lwemisebenzi ethandwayo yocwaningo lwezesayensi nezithandwayo.

01 I- Forensic Science Wezochwepheshe

Ochwepheshe bezesayensi ye-Forensic yizona ezidlala umsizi wenkampani yesayensi ye-forensic. Basiza ekuqoqweni kobufakazi, ukuhlaziywa kokuziphatha nokusiza ukuphenya izigcawu zobugebengu. Abavame ukubizwa ngokuthi ochwepheshe bezenzo zobugebengu noma abaphenyi bezenzo zobugebengu, ochwepheshe bezesayensi yezobunhloli baqhuba umsebenzi wabo omkhulu endaweni yesehlakalo noma ebhokisatri. Baqeqeshiwe ngokukhethekile ekuqoqweni kobufakazi futhi banesimo sokuthola imininingwane. Bangase banikeze usizo kwabanye ososayensi bezobunhloli futhi bangase babe ukuxhumana kwabanye ochwepheshe. Ochwepheshe bezesayensi be-Forensic bangathola phakathi kuka-$ 32,000 no-$ 83,000 ngonyaka.

02 I- Bloodstain Pattern Analyst

Ephakanyiswe uchungechunge lwethelevishini uDexter , abahlaziyi bephethini yegazi bekwenza lokho okushiwo isihloko somsebenzi: bahlaziya amaphethini egazini ukusiza ukuqoqa izici ezibalulekile mayelana nobugebengu obuhlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi izazi ze-spatter yegazi, abahlaziyi bephethini begazi bezingcweti zesayensi yezobunhloli abasebenza ngokukhethekile emacaleni obugebengu obudlova. Ngokuhlola ukuqhuma, ukuchithwa, ama-spatter kanye namabala, bangasiza ekutholeni uhlobo lwesiphakamiso esisetshenzisiwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona umzabalazo okwenzekile, ukuqondiswa kokuhamba kwesisulu noma umsolwa, obengumlutha omkhulu noma ukuzilimaza. Njengabanye ochwepheshe bezesayensi bezobunhloli, abahlaziyi bephethini yegazi bebengathola phakathi kuka-$ 32,000 no-$ 83,000 ngonyaka.

03 Forensic Ballistics Expert

Njen / Wikimedia Commons / Creative Commons

Lapho abaphenyi badinga usizo lokulandela isibhamu emuva kwesibhamu noma ukukhomba uhlobo lwesibhamu esisetshenzisiwe, babiza ochwepheshe be-forensic ballistics. Lezi zichwepheshe kuzo zonke izinto ezihlobene nezibhamu zinikeza ukuhlaziywa okubalulekile ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukusiza abaphenyi ukuthi baqaphele ukulandelana kwezingqungquthela eziphefumulelwe ukuze bathole iphuzu elivela kuyo. I-forensic ballistics ochwepheshe bangathola ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlamvu olwalusetshenzisiwe, ukulinganisa kwalo ngisho nalapho lwakhiwe khona. Futhi bangakwazi ukuhlaziya ukuthi ngabe isibhamu sasixoshwa yini futhi kungekudala nokuthi ngabe isibhamu esithile sasixoshwa yini isibhamu esithile noma cha. Izibhamu ze-forensic ochwepheshe bangalindela ukuzuza phakathi kuka-$ 30,000 no-$ 80,000 ngonyaka.

04 Forensic DNA Analyst

James Tourtellotte / Wikimedia Commons / Domain Public

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) kuzuza ngokuphindaphindiwe kwezobugebengu kanye nesayensi yezokwelapha. Ngenxa yokuthi i-DNA iqukethe i-genetic coding eyenza thina, kuhle, thina, kucatshangwa ukuthi sikwazi ukunikeza ukuhlonza okusemqoka kunakho konke, kunembile kuneminwe yeminwe. Abahlaziyi be-DNA baqhathanisa amasampula e-DNA athathwa kubantu abasolwa nabasolwa ukuze baqaphele ukuthi ngabe umuntu othile ubekhona yini endaweni yesehlakalo, noma ngabe uhilelekile ekuhlanganiseni ubudlova nanoma imuphi omunye umbuzo umazisi isatholakala. Abahlaziyi be-DNA bangaphinde baqhathanise amasampula angaziwa kuma-yolwazi ukuze abone abasolwa abasolwa. Abahlaziyi be-DNA bangalindela ukuthola phakathi kuka-$ 30,000 no-$ 80,000 ngonyaka.

05 i- Polygraph Examiner

Nakuba ama- polygraphs anemikhawulo enokwethenjelwa ezinkantolo, ukuhlolwa kwe - polygraph kuyisithuluzi esiwusizo ekuxazululeni ubugebengu nokuthola ukukhohliswa kwabasolwa kanye nofakazi. Abahloli be-Polygraph baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuqhuba izivivinyo ngokusebenzisa "umtshina wamanga" futhi banikeza ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela. Abahloli be-Polygraph baqeqeshwa isikhathi eside ukuze bafunde amakhono abo, futhi ngokuvamile basebenzisa ukuphenywa kwangaphakathi kokuphatha abasebenzi. Abahloli be-Polygraph bangase basebenzele izinhlaka zezobugebengu bobugebengu noma njengezinkontileka ezizimele, futhi izinsizakalo zabo zivame ukuqashwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlola ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi eminingi ebucayi. Ngokwesilinganiso, abahloli be-polygraph bangathola imali engama-$ 56,00 ngonyaka.

06 Forensic Documents Examiner

I-Forensic - noma ibuzwa - ama-test examiners asetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa amasampula wokubhala, anquma umsuka wamadokhumenti futhi athole ukukhwabanisa. Basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe babo ukuthola ukukhishwa kwezinkontileka, ukuhlola, isitatimende sasebhange kanye neminye imibhalo kanye namarekhodi e-elektroniki. Bangakwazi futhi ukucacisa ukufaneleka kwesignesha ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya kokubhala ngesandla ngisho nokuthola iminyaka yobuhlobo bombhalo. Amaphepha e-Forensic abahloli kufanele bafunde ukufundela ukuhweba, futhi bangase baqashwe ngabakhiqizi abazimele noma izinhlaka zikahulumeni. Ngokuvamile, abahloli bama-forensic abahlolwayo basiza "ubugebengu obumhlophe" futhi basebenzisana nabachwepheshe bezedijithali nabaqapheli bezobunhloli. Umholo kanye nokuzuza okungenzeka kwamadokhumenti ochwepheshe kungashintsha kabanzi ngokuya kumqashi kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe.

07 Digital Experns Forensics and Forensic Computer Abaphenyi

jon crel / Flickr / Creative Commons Attribution 2.0

Manje kunanini ngaphambili, izimboni zezobuchwepheshe zedijithali nekhompyutha ziba yinkambu ebaluleke kakhulu futhi efuna ukufunwa. Njengoba sisebenzisa amakhompiyutha namadivaysi edijithali ngokuphindaphindiwe, izigebengu nazo zishiya izinkomba eziningi neminwe yeminwe ye-elektroniki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubugebengu be-cyber inkinga ekhulayo, kanye nokuxhashazwa kwengane nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo zokuziphatha kobulelesi ezitholile i-intanethi ekhaya. Abaphenyi bekhompyutha be-forensic baqeqeshwe ukuqoqa idatha kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezindawo, kufaka phakathi ukushayela nokukhipha imishini yokushayela, amafoni, amaphilisi namanye amadivayisi we-computing. Ubufakazi be-digital obuvulile bungabalulekile ekushushisweni okuphumelelayo kwezehlakalo zobuchwepheshe. Abaphenyi bekhompiyutha be-Forensic bangase basebenzele izinhlaka zokuphoqelelwa komthetho noma ngezivumelwano, futhi ukukwazi ukuzuza kwabo kukhulu kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo.

08 I- Forensic Toxicologist

CAMIOKC / Wikimedia Commons / Creative Commons

AmaGreki asendulo ayengowokuqala ukuphawula izibonakaliso ezihlukahlukene zezinhlayiya, futhi bekungumphakathi wokuqala owaziwa ukuzitholela ukubulala ngenxa yobuthi ngenxa yalekhono. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, insimu yezokwelapha ithuthukile futhi yavela kakhulu. Namuhla, izidakamizwa zezokwelapha zisiza abaphenyi ukuthi babone ukuthi izimbangela zokufa zihlanganisa ubuthi, amakhemikhali nezidakamizwa. Basiza ekushushisweni kwe-DUI nase-DWI ababoshiwe futhi bangabona ukuthi kukhona izidakamizwa noma utshwala kumsolwa noma egazini legazi. Ukuhlinzekwa kwezidakamizwa kufanele kube nokuqonda ngokugcwele imithi yamakhemikhali, i-biology noma mhlawumbe kokubili, kanye nolwazi lwezokwelapha.

09 I-Accountant Accountant

Naphezu kokungaziwa kwabo kanye nezibopho ezaziwayo ebugebengu obuhleliwe, abanye abaholi bamaqembu e-United States abadumile kakhulu ekugcineni babekwe ubulungiswa ngezimali kanye nokuphulwa kwentela. Ababhali bokuqala be-forensic babambe iqhaza ekushushisweni okuphumelelayo kokuthandwa kwe-Al Capone. Abacwaningi bama-forensic bazibandakanya ngobugebengu bezezimali futhi baqeqeshwe ukulandela umkhondo wemali. Njengoba ubugebengu obubomvu bukhuphuka , abalobi bezombusazwe basebenzela ukukhwabanisa ukukhwabanisa nokusiza ukuvikela ama-akhawunti ethu asebhange. Ama-accountants e-forensic aphinde anikeze izinkantolo ekuhloleni imiklomelo kanye nokulimala futhi ukuhlonza nokuphenya ngemali yobuphekula. Abalimi be-Forensic bangathola imali engaphezu kwezingu-$ 100,000 ngonyaka futhi kufanele babe okungenani ngezinga le-bachelor ku-finance noma accounting.

I- Forensic Anthropologist

I-Pp391 / Wikimedia Commons / Creative Commons

Ubugebengu obukhulu kanye nezimo ezibandayo zibiza ubuchwepheshe bomuntu obhekene ngokukhethekile ekutholeni izinsalela zomuntu. Ngokutadisha izinsalela zomzimba kanye namathambo, ama-anthropologist angakwazi ukucacisa iminyaka, ubulili nesisindo somuntu ohlukunyeziwe, kanye nezinhlobo zokulimala azitholayo kanye nokubangela ukufa. I-anthropologists yama-forensic ngokuvamile isebenza emakholishi nasemayunivesithi futhi inikeze usizo eminyangweni yokuphoqelela umthetho ngokusemthethweni. I-anthropologists ye-forensic ngokuvamile ibamba i-master degree noma i-doctorate e-anthropology engokwenyama futhi angalindela ukuthola phakathi kuka- $ 70,000 no-$ 80,000 ngonyaka.

I- Forensic Odontologist

Cpl. UJames P. Johnson, US Army / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain

Kunezikhathi lapho ukukhomba kwe-DNA kungasebenzi, futhi ukuhlaziywa kweminwe akunakwenzeka. Lapho kwenzeka ubugebengu obuyingozi kakhulu, noma ngesikhathi sezigameko ezibulalayo, izidakamizwa ze-odontologists zisebenzisa izici zamazinyo eziyingqayizivele sonke kufanele sibone izinsalela zomuntu. Bangabuye bahlaziye amamaki we-bite bese bewaqhathanisa namasampuli ukuze basize abone izisulu kanye nabasolwa, kanye nabaphenyi besiza, banqume ukuthi ukulimala kuyazivikela noma kuyamcasula. I-odontologists ye-forensic inezokwelapha ezihlinzekwe amazinyo noma imithi yamazinyo futhi ngokuvamile zijwayele ukujwayela amazinyo amaningi futhi zenze izinsizakalo ze-forensics ngaphezu kwemkhuba yazo yamazinyo. Odnslogist odontologists bangathola imali engaphezu kuka- $ 100,000 ngonyaka.

I- Forensic Psychologist

Izazi zengqondo ze-forensic zinikeza ngezinsizakalo zengqondo nokuhlaziywa cishe kuzo zonke izici zesimiso sobulungiswa bobugebengu. Kusukela ku- jury ukubonisana nokululekwa kwejele, abakwa-psychologists bezobunhloli benza imisebenzi ebalulekile ekulungiseni, izinkantolo kanye nokugcinwa komthetho. Bahlola izinsolo zokuhlukumeza izingane, bahlole izisulu, abafakazi kanye nabasolwa ngokuthembeka nokufaneleka, futhi basize abahluleli banqume ukuthi ummangali angazama yini ukulingwa. Izazi zengqondo ze-forensic nazo zenza umsebenzi obalulekile wokuhlola abakhethiweyo bezomthetho ngenkathi kuqashwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, izazi zengqondo zengqondo zithola cishe u-$ 57,000 ngonyaka, kodwa amaholo ahluka kakhulu kuye ngezinga lemfundo, ubuchwepheshe, nomqashi.

I-Pathologist ye-Forensic

ULinda Bartlett / National Cancer Institute / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain

I-pathologists ye-forensic inikeza enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kunayo yonke uphenyo lokubulala abantu: imbangela yokufa. Eyaziwa nangokuthi abahloli bezokwelapha, abahlengikazi bezokwelapha babasebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa kwabo kwezokwelapha ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi ukulimala okwakungabulala. Bangasiza futhi uphenyo ukuthi bafunde uhlobo lwesiphakamiso esisetshenzisiwe nesikhathi esifanele lapho isisulu sife khona. Ngokunquma imbangela yokufa, izifo ze-pathologists zidlala indima ebalulekile ekufundeni ukuthi noma ngabe kwenzeke yini ubugebengu, ekuqaleni. I-pathologists ye-forensic ingudokotela wezokwelapha futhi angathola imali engaphezu kuka-$ 200,000 ngonyaka.